• Title/Summary/Keyword: architectural damage

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Development of analytical modeling for an energy-dissipating cladding panel

  • Maneetes, H.;Memari, A.M.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.587-608
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    • 2009
  • Modern earthquake-resistant design aims to isolate architectural precast concrete panels from the structural system so as to reduce the interaction with the supporting structure and hence minimize damage. The present study seeks to maximize the cladding-structure interaction by developing an energy-dissipating cladding system (EDCS) that is capable of functioning both as a structural brace, as well as a source of energy dissipation. The EDCS is designed to provide added stiffness and damping to buildings with steel moment resisting frames with the goal of favorably modifying the building response to earthquake-induced forces without demanding any inelastic action and ductility from the basic lateral force resisting system. Because many modern building facades typically have continuous and large openings on top of the precast cladding panels at each floor level for window system, the present study focuses on spandrel type precast concrete cladding panel. The preliminary design of the EDCS was based on existing guidelines and research data on architectural precast concrete cladding and supplemental energy dissipation devices. For the component-level study, the preliminary design was validated and further refined based on the results of nonlinear finite element analyses. The stiffness and strength characteristics of the EDCS were established from a series of nonlinear finite element analyses and are discussed in detail in this paper.

A Study on Evaluation of Floor Response Spectrum for Seismic Design of Non-Structural Components (비구조요소의 내진 설계를 위한 기존 층응답스펙트럼의 평가)

  • Choi, Kyung Suk;Yi, Waon Ho;Yang, Won-Jik;Kim, Hyung Joon
    • Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.279-291
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    • 2013
  • The seismic damage of non-structural components, such as communication facilities, causes direct economic losses as well as indirect losses which result from social chaos occurring with downtime of communication and financial management network systems. The current Korean seismic code, KBC2009, prescribes the design criteria and requirements of non-structural components based on their elastic response. However, it is difficult for KBC to reflect the dynamic characteristics of structures where non-structural components exist. In this study, both linear and nonlinear time history analyses of structures with various analysis parameters were carried out and floor acceleration spectra obtained from analyses were compared with both ground acceleration spectra used for input records of the analyses and the design floor acceleration spectrum proposed by National Radio Research Agency. Also, this study investigates to find out the influence of structural dynamic characteristics on the floor acceleration spectra. The analysis results show that the acceleration amplification is observed due to the resonance phenomenon and such amplification increases with the increase of building heights and with the decrease of structure's energy dissipation capacities.

Remaining service life estimation of reinforced concrete buildings based on fuzzy approach

  • Cho, Hae-Chang;Lee, Deuck Hang;Ju, Hyunjin;Kim, Kang Su;Kim, Ki-Hyun;Monteiro, Paulo J.M.
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.879-902
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    • 2015
  • The remaining service life (RSL) of buildings has been an important issue in the field of building and facility management, and its development is also one of the essential factors for achieving sustainable infrastructure. Since the estimation of RSL of buildings is heavily affected by the subjectivity of individual inspector or engineer, much effort has been placed in the development of a rational method that can estimate the RSL of existing buildings more quantitatively using objective measurement indices. Various uncertain factors contribute to the deterioration of the structural performance of buildings, and most of the common building structures are constructed not with a single structural member but with various types of structural components (e.g., beams, slabs, and columns) in multistory floors. Most existing RSL estimation methods, however, consider only an individual factor. In this study, an estimation method for RSL of concrete buildings is presented by utilizing a fuzzy theory to consider the effects of multiple influencing factors on the deterioration of durability (e.g., concrete carbonation, chloride attack, sulfate attack), as well as the current structural condition (or damage level) of buildings.

Dynamic Behavior Characteristics According to Arch Types of Arched Stone Bridge Subjected to Seismic Load (지진 하중을 받는 홍예교의 아치 형태에 따른 동적 거동 특성)

  • Kim, Ho-Soo;Lee, Seung-Hee;Jeon, Gun-Woo;Bang, Hyeok-Kyu
    • Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2018
  • The arched stone bridge has been continuously deteriorated and damaged by the weathering and corrosion over time, and also natural disaster such as earthquake has added the damage. However, masonry stone bridge has the behavior characteristics as discontinuum structure and is very vulnerable to lateral load such as earthquake. So, it is necessary to analyze the dynamic behavior characteristics according to various design variables of arched stone bridge under seismic loads. To this end, the arched stone bridge can be classified according to arch types, and then the discrete element method is applied for the structural modelling and analysis. In addition, seismic loads according to return periods are generated and the dynamic analysis considering the discontinuity characteristics is carried out. Finally, the dynamic behavior characteristics are evaluated through the structural safety estimation for slip condition.

Rajakudakan Wat Chotikaram: From Ruins to The Reconstruction of The Grand Stupa, Wat Chedi Luang, Chiang Mai

  • Kirdsiria, Kreangkrai;Buranautb, Isarachai;Janyaemc, Kittikhun
    • SUVANNABHUMI
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.167-186
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    • 2021
  • The Grand Stupa is mentioned in historical text as 'Rajakudakan', which means a royal building with a multitiered superstructure. This Grand Stupa is the principal construction of Wat Chedi Luang, and marks the center of the Chiang Mai City Plan. This study argues that the Grand Stupa was built in 1391 during Phaya Saen Mueang Ma's reign, possibly inspired by the construction of Ku Phaya in Bagan. Thereafter, in 1545, the Grand Stupa's superstructure collapsed after the great earthquake, resulted in the irreparable damage since then. Therefore, a survey using a 3D laser scanner is conducted to collect the most precise data on the current condition of the Grand Stupa, yielding an assumption of its reconstruction. Other simultaneous stupas or those that show a close architectural relationship (e.g. stupas in Wat Chiang Man and Wat Lok Moli and the stupa of King Tilokaraj in Wat Chet Yot in Chiang Mai) are also employed as research frameworks for the reconstruction. As a result, the architectural research on the Grands Stupa, compared with simultaneous stupas, yields a fruitful argument that the pre-collapse superstructure form of the Grand Stupa marks the most architectural similarity to the stupa of Wat Chiang Man.

Effect of reinforcing details on seismic behavior of RC exterior wide beam-column joint

  • Jae Hyun Kim;Seung-Ho Choi;Sun-Jin Han;Hoseong Jeong;Jae-Yeon Lee;Kang Su Kim
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.283-296
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    • 2023
  • This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of seismic performance on reinforced concrete (RC) wide beam (WB) joints. Two RC-WB joint specimens and one conventional RC joint specimen were fabricated using the reinforcing details of longitudinal reinforcing bars in a beam as a variable, and quasi-static cyclic loading tests were performed. The results were used to compare and analyze the load-drift ratio relationship, failure mode, and seismic performance of the specimens quantitatively. In addition, a finite element (FE) analysis of the RC-WB joint was conducted, and the rationality of the FE model was validated by comparing it with the test results. Based on the FE model, a parametric study was conducted, where the ratio of longitudinal reinforcing bars placed on the outer and inner parts of the joint (𝜌ex/𝜌in) was a key variable. The results showed that, in the RC-WB joint, an increase of 𝜌ex/𝜌in leads to more severe damage to concrete, which reduces the seismic performance of the RC-WB joints.

Experimental Study on Shear Retrofitting of Concrete Columns Using Iron-Based Shape Memory Alloy (철계 형상기억합금을 이용한 콘크리트 기둥의 전단보강 실험연구)

  • Jung, Donghuk;Jeong, Saebyeok;Choi, Jae-Hee;Kim, Geunoh
    • Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2024
  • The current study investigates the seismic performance of shear-dominant RC columns retrofitted with iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe SMA). Three RC columns with insufficient transverse reinforcement were designed and fabricated for lateral cyclic loading tests. Before testing, two specimens were externally confined with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and self-prestressed Fe SMA strips. The test results showed that both CFRP and Fe SMA performed well in preventing severe shear failure exhibited by the unretrofitted control specimen. Furthermore, the two retrofitted specimens showed ductile flexural responses up to the drift ratios of ±8%. In terms of damage control, however, the Fe SMA confinement was superior to CFRP confinement in that the spalling of concrete was much less and that the rupture of confinement did not occur.

Two-stage damage identification for bridge bearings based on sailfish optimization and element relative modal strain energy

  • Minshui Huang;Zhongzheng Ling;Chang Sun;Yongzhi Lei;Chunyan Xiang;Zihao Wan;Jianfeng Gu
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.86 no.6
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    • pp.715-730
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    • 2023
  • Broad studies have addressed the issue of structural element damage identification, however, rubber bearing, as a key component of load transmission between the superstructure and substructure, is essential to the operational safety of a bridge, which should be paid more attention to its health condition. However, regarding the limitations of the traditional bearing damage detection methods as well as few studies have been conducted on this topic, in this paper, inspired by the model updating-based structural damage identification, a two-stage bearing damage identification method has been proposed. In the first stage, we deduce a novel bearing damage localization indicator, called element relative MSE, to accurately determine the bearing damage location. In the second one, the prior knowledge of bearing damage localization is combined with sailfish optimization (SFO) to perform the bearing damage estimation. In order to validate the feasibility, a numerical example of a 5-span continuous beam is introduced, also the noise robustness has been investigated. Meanwhile, the effectiveness and engineering applicability are further verified based on an experimental simply supported beam and actual engineering of the I-40 Bridge. The obtained results are good, which indicate that the proposed method is not only suitable for simple structures but also can accurately locate the bearing damage site and identify its severity for complex structure. To summarize, the proposed method provides a good guideline for the issue of bridge bearing detection, which could be used to reduce the difficulty of the traditional bearing failure detection approach, further saving labor costs and economic expenses.

Response of a steel column-footing connection subjected to vehicle impact

  • Kang, Hyungoo;Kim, Jinkoo
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.63 no.1
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    • pp.125-136
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the performance of a steel column standing on a reinforced concrete footing when it was subjected to collision of an eight-ton single unit truck. Finite element analyses of the structure with different connection schemes were performed using the finite element model of the truck, and the results showed that the behavior of the column subjected to the automobile impact depended largely on the column-footing connection detail. Various reinforcement schemes were investigated to mitigate the damage caused by the car impact. The probability of the model reinforced with a certain scheme to reach a given limit state was obtained by fragility analysis, and the effects of the combined reinforcement methods were investigated based on the equivalent fragility scheme. The analysis results showed that the reinforcement schemes such as increase of the pedestal area, decrease of the pedestal height, and the steel plate jacketing of the pedestal were effective in reducing the damage. As the speed of the automobile increased the contribution of the increase in the number of the anchor bolts and the dowel bars became more important to prevent crushing of the pedestal.

Life Cycle Costing: Maintenance and Repair Costs of Hospital Facilities Using Monte Carlo Simulation

  • Kim, Tae-Hui;Choi, Jong-Soo;Park, Young Jun;Son, Kiyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.541-548
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    • 2013
  • During the administration of a construction project, various types of participants are engaged in the project. From the design phase to the maintenance phase, these participants may confront many risks. To avoid these risks, participants should utilize an insurance company or a bond company. The types of risks and liability that a construction manager may face are listed in the construction law or contract. But there are some arguments related to risk transferring and the content of risks. For this reason, construction managers must carefully consider any possible risks in the contract and the construction law. Therefore, for construction managers to deal with risks appropriately, the introduction of a legal requirement to carry professional liability insurance, a defined compensation range for damages, a method of guarantee in the event of defects, a defined compensation claim period for damage, and a method of damage claim were suggested in this study.