• 복식
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.162-179
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• 2016

This study examined the 17th century wedding ceremonies of princes and princesses recorded in the "Garyedeungrok(嘉禮謄錄)". The Joseon dynasty royal weddings were held outside the palace, so it could have influenced wedding ceremonies of commoners. Royal weddings for princes and princesses were considered to be on a level between that of a king and commoners. Wedding procedure of princes and princesses was carried out under the leadership of the royal family who officiated at a marriage with the king's approval. In addition, kindred of the king and high-ranking officials participated as the maid of honor in the wedding parade. This was completely different between the royal wedding and the scholar-gentry ones. A difference between the prince and the princess was that the princess paid her respect to the shrine of the house of her groom after the wedding ceremony. However, there was no process for the prince's bride. There also existed a wide disparity in the wedding goods of princes and princesses. The prince and the king's son-in-law both held a wedding ceremony to wear Chopo, but there was a difference in decoration or quantity of Danlyeong(團領) Cheollik(帖裏) Hoseul(護膝) belts. Only princes were allowed to use the ornamental knife and the embroidered pouch. While both the princess and prince's wife wore No-ui(露衣) and Jangsam(長衫) as the wedding clothes, there was discrimination of position in terms of hair decoration, Hwalhansam(闊汗衫), skirt, Hosu(胡袖) and Ni-ui(裏衣). There was also a difference of quantity of Jeogori and skirts, as well as various styles of gold decorations in order to distinguish the Gongju(daughter of the king) and the Gunju (daughter of the crown prince)'s position.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1986

It is estimated that the loss of Korean agricultural and fishery products during the storage period is usually more than 20%, and it is difficult to increase agricultural products by a 10% annual rate directly. Therefore, development of food preservation techniques has now become a most important atternative for the indirect increase of such products and for its senitary distribution. Changes eating habits and improved living conditions have accelerated the demand for convenience food production and for this reason it is essential that raw materials at stable, resonable prices and hygienic quality be available the year round. At the end of 1980, the Korean government conceded th economical feasibility of the storage of foods by irradiation and a procedure for preserving food by irradiation on a batch scale was successfully developed by KAERI in 1982. Based on the research results accomplished by the KAERI and on the recommendation on wholesomeness of irradiated food by Joint Committee of FAO/IAEA/WHO in 1980, the approval of wholesomeness of irradiated food was declared by presidential decree in June 1985 and the procedure of permission for individual items is in progress. Korean private firms (Ryung Young Co.) which was technically assisted by KAERI for five years have taken mush interest in the establishment of such facilities in Korea, therefore Ryung Young Co. had proposed for the construction of 500 Kci Co-60 irradiator to the Ministry of Science and Technology in July 1984. The permission of construction has approved by government in May 1985. The commercial irradiator will be constructed as one of the most modernized facilities until May 1987 and that facilities will contribute the propagation of commercial storage of foods and its hygienic quality.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

Background: Caudal block is useful when anesthesia for surgery or treatment for chronic pain is needed, but this procedure has a failure rate of up to 25% even when it performed byan experienced physician. This high failure rate is usually due to improper needle placement. Methods: After gaining approval of the ethics committee, 46 patients received caudal blocks under ultrasound guidance; these were performed after the anatomical structures in the sacral hiatus had been measured with ultrasound. All these procedures were performed by the same anesthesiologist. The position and direction of the needle were identified using fluoroscopy by injecting a radio-opaque contrast through the needle. The time taken from thelidocaine injection to verification of the needle was measured and the planned nerve block was then carried out. Results: All cases of needle insertion into the sacral canal under ultrasound guidance were successful. The average duration of the procedure and the trial count were $134.1{\pm}10.1seconds$ and $1.2{\pm}0.1$, respectively. In 12 of the 46 cases (26%), the needle deviated either left or right in the sacral canal, so the direction of the needle had to be adjusted. The distance between two cornua, the depth of the sacral hiatus and the thickness and length of the sacrococcygeal ligament were $17.1{\pm}0.4$, $3.9{\pm}0.3$, $2.3{\pm}0.1$ and $24.9{\pm}0.9mm$, respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasound guidance can increase the success rate of inserting a needle into the sacral canal. However, even when ultrasound is used, the needle can deviate either left or right in the sacral canal.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.3-23
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• 2021

England is a significant base for international trade in Europe, and dispute resolution through arbitration is active. Therefore, due to the geographical relationship with the European continent, the settlement of trade transactions and disputes with European countries is one of the most essential tasks. In this regard, arbitration procedures in England have been actively used for a long time. In England, dispute resolution methods through arbitration have been developed centered on merchant groups such as guilds from the 16th century and have been actively used until today. However, the arbitration procedure also had the characteristics of the common law because there was no legislation related to arbitration. Therefore, arbitration based on common law was carried out until the first half of the 19th century. In the 'Arbitration Act 1889', two types of arbitration systems, 'common law arbitration' and 'statutory arbitration' coexisted. However, in the arbitration procedure, according to the newly enacted 'Arbitration Act 1889', the arbitration agreement was binding from the time the arbitration agreement was reached. There was a way to select an arbitrator even if it was not explicitly stipulated in the arbitration agreement, and the arbitration award was quickly enforced. Arbitration under contract was preferred over common law arbitration, where withdrawal and revocation of awards were possible. However, in response to these provisions, the England courts considered the arbitration system to deprive the courts of jurisdiction, while a strengthened judicial review of arbitration procedures was done. In particular, England unified the arbitration-related laws, which had been scattered for a long time, adopted the model law, and enacted the 'Arbitration Act 1996'. Under the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in 'Arbitration Act 1996', Section 66 deals with the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards and foreign arbitral awards. Section 2 of the 'Arbitration Act 1950' is inherited and used as it is. Second, it deals with the execution of arbitral awards under the New York Convention: Article 100 (New York Convention), Section 101 (Approval and Enforcement of Awards), Section 102 (Evidence Presented by a Party Seeking Recognition and Enforcement), and Section 103 (Provides Matters Concerning Rejection Recognition and Enforcement).

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2021

Chinese courts seem to be indifferent or ignorant of truncated arbitration. In other words, the Chinese court canceled the arbitration award made by truncated arbitration except for the Pingdingsan Case among the four arbitration cases related to the domestic arbitration award reviewed in this paper on the ground that it violated the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure. A Chinese court has canceled the arbitration award by judging only based on the composition of the arbitral tribunal and the legal process of the violation of the arbitration procedure not by determining whether the domestic arbitration award made by the truncated arbitration meets the conditions for the application of truncated arbitration as stipulated in the Arbitration Rules. Moreover, it seems that the Chinese court made a serious error in the application of the relevant regulations in the Pingdingsan Case, which ruled that the truncated arbitration did not violate the legal process. In this case, the Chinese court admitted truncated arbitration under logic process that it was not necessary to wait until the final hearing to apply the truncated arbitraion because one arbitrator was absent before the final hearing, but the truncated arbitrator had already formed his/her opinion before the absence. However, in the case of Marshall Investment Corporation, a case related to foreign arbitration, the Chinese court rejected the approval and execution of the truncated arbitration award by strictly applying the laws and timing of the truncated arbitration. Since only one case has been identified in the main text, it is difficult to make a definitive judgment, but considering these cases, it seems to be that the Chinese courts apply different standards to domestic and foreign arbitration awards to determine the legality of truncated arbitration.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 중추신경계나 대뇌피질의 운동 및 감각기능을 검사하는 근전도계 및 유발성응답기의 안전 요구사항 및 시헙방법을 기술한다. 국제 기준에 부합화하는 안전 요구사항을 설정하고, 국제 표준에 따른 시험방법 및 표준 시험절차서를 제시하였다. 그러나 장비의 개별 성능 요구사항은 특정하지 않고, 제조사에서 제시하는 성능이나 출력이 가능하도록 규정하였다. 시중에 유통되고 있는 근전도계 장비를 이용하여 제시된 시험방법에 대한 유효성을 확인하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 식품의약품안전청에서 의료기기 인허가시 적용되는 기준규격으로서 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.167-172
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• 1998

Methods of evaluating the physiological activity of the living body are EEG, EOG, Heart rate, and Rectal temperature, etc. In the study of Hagiwara and Araki(1993), they found positive correlations among performance test, physiological measurement, and subjective feeling measurement. Human alertness of pilot directly influences on the flight performance that accomplishes a lot of vigilance task and procedure execution in flight. Accordingly, this paper deals with the quantitative and objective performance test based on tracking error and reaction time by means of the new computer test program into which the perception-motion system of human beings is applies. Throughout this experiment using performance thst, the results suggest that performance capability in state of sleep deprivation 2 hours and alcoholic 0.05 .apaprox. 0.06% in blood were more impaired than one in a normal state, and they further showed statistically significant differences between them, which were influenced by impairment factors of body regulation and pilot's grade. We also obtained the prediction value and the 95% confidence interval of tracking error and reaction time at the normal state for the purpose of distinguishing performance capability between the normal state and the abnormal state. And it is ecpected that the evaluation of human alertness using performance test will be applied to the quantitative assessment of an each pilot's realistic consciousness/attention, and will lead a flight commander to the accurate decision of mission approval prior to a flight.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Vietnam's arbitration system and to present measures that companies can utilize in practice. This research considers KCAB International Arbitration Rules, focusing on amendments to the Decree on Vietnam Commercial Arbitration Act and amendments to the VIAC Arbitration Rules. To sum up some features, the decree on the Commercial Arbitration Act simplified the registration procedures for arbitration centers and their branches and made the publication of court decisions and the recognition of the approval and execution of foreign arbitration courts, thereby enhancing transparency. First of all, the decree on the Commercial Arbitration Act simplified registration procedures for arbitration centers and their branches. In addition, the court strengthened transparency by officially announcing court judgments, recognition, and decisions. Next, there are some points to note in the arbitration rules of the VIAC. First of all, the rules of expedited procedure lack clarity. Next, parties should make a separate document for counterclaim and submit it with a statement of defense. In addition, the arbitral language may choose multiple languages by the Arbitral Tribunal unless the parties agree. Therefore, companies need to take a closer look at their understanding of the international arbitration system, which is mainly used in international disputes, and the characteristics of the Vietnamese arbitration system.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제12권
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• pp.36-65
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• 2000

The Montreal Convention markedly changed the rules governing the international carriage by air of passenger, baggage and cargo. The introduction of a considerable number of modernized major elements including electric ticketing system, the unlimited passenger liability regime and a supplementary (fifth) jurisdiction should help to remove aged scheme that now exists in the Warsaw Convention and other related instruments. The key issue of the electric ticketing system recognized by the Convention IS how to describe reasonably and adequately the terms of written notices, in the light of the principle of consumer protection. Regarding liability regime for passengers, an unlimited passenger liability regime is realized. The carrier, in the first tier, is subject to a strict liability regime of up to 100,000 SDRs, and in the second tire, a regime of presumed fault liability without numerical liability limits. To add to the present four fora, the fifth forum is permitted. Regarding damage resulting the death or injury of a passenger, an action for damages may also be brought in its home territory with the considerably qualified narrow requirements. A strange deviation from the well-established "Procedure for Approval of Draft Convention" carried out by the Legal Committee left a considerable number of unrefined and incomplete passages. In the near future, their modification should be required.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2015

The basic point of a vehicle recall is to remove vehicle defects as soon as possible and thus prevent possible road traffic accidents caused by the defects beforehand. Therefore, the core of vehicle recall under the self-certification system consists of a timely response and fast remedy of defects. The present study aimed to deduce a plan for improvement of the system necessary for the fast remedy of defects through a phased analysis of defect investigation procedure based on defect investigation statistical data. There will be a need to make the TSB(Technical Service Bulletin) or service campaign data submission of a manufacturer compulsory for the collection of broad defect information in the stage of information analysis and to impose a higher penalty when the manufacturer violates the data submission in the investigation stage. In addition, it is considered that an active service campaign should be induced and a punishment for late recall will be needed for consumer protection.