• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

Forty-two percent of the patients with renal failure that requires continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) have been reported to have severe malnutrition, and preexisting malnutrition is a statistically significant and independent predictor of negative hospital outcomes. We performed this study to evaluate the appropriateness of the calorie and protein provided for the critically ill patients who require CRRT. One hundred forty-nine patients who received CRRT were enrolled. The demographic data, the length of the ICU stay and the mortality were recorded. The calorie/protein intake and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and creatinine levels were used as nutritional parameters. The mean daily calorie intake during CRRT was 16.1${\pm}$7.4 kcal/kg, which was 64% of the recommended intake. Only 10% of the patients received the recommended caloric intake and the ratio of the enteral and parenteral calories was 26%/74%. The mean protein intake was 0.58${\pm}$0.34 g/kg, which was 38% of the recommended intake. The calorie and protein intakes at the termination of CRRT were significantly increased compared to the initial day of treatment, but they stayed under the recommended intake. The BUN, creatinine and albumin levels were significantly increased in the survival group (odds ratio for albumin: 2.73; creatinine: 2.43). A strategy to increase the nutrition provision is needed to improve the nutritional statuses and clinical outcomes of the critically ill patients who require CRRT.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2008

Since the damage from the torrential rain increases recently due to climate change and global warming, the significance of flood forecasting and warning becomes important in medium and small streams as well as large river. Through the preprocess and main processes for estimating runoff, diverse errors occur and are accumulated, so that the outcome contains the errors in the existing flood forecasting and warning method. And estimating the parameters needed for runoff models requires a lot of data and the processes contain various uncertainty. In order to overcome the difficulties of the existing flood forecasting and warning system and the uncertainty problem, ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) technique has been presented in this study. ANFIS, a data driven model using the fuzzy inference theory with neural network, can forecast stream level only by using the precipitation and stream level data in catchment without using a lot of physical data that are necessary in existing physical model. Time series data for precipitation and stream level are used as input, and stream levels for t+1, t+2, and t+3 are forecasted with this model. The applicability and the appropriateness of the model is examined by actual rainfall and stream level data from 2003 to 2005 in the Tancheon catchment area. The results of applying ANFIS to the Tancheon catchment area for the actual data show that the stream level can be simulated without large error.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2010

Due to the improvement and stabilization of the social environment, construction market in the urban region is under shrinking. According, researches to lengthen the service life of the existing building structures are under the way through the remodeling or maintenance of deteriorated structures other than the new constructions. Similar situations are widely discussed in the domestic building construction market and the social importance of the remodeling of the existing building structures is increased. Although the structural stability of the building is uncertain due to the frequent repairing and structural changing, the remodeling works are usually conducted. In general, documents such as drawings and calculations for the design of the deteriorated structure to be remodeled are not kept. Accident at the remodeling site frequently occur because of the lack of thorough understanding of changed situations such as loadings, loading paths, changing of the mechanical properties of material, etc. In this paper, using the finite element analysis method, we investigated the structural behaviors of slab in the remodeling building and the results are applied to remodeling construction, and the appropriateness of the remodeling works are evaluated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.815-827
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• 2014

The current study was undertaken to verify appropriateness of muscle endurance test at three different angles ($30^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$) of isometric contraction position, and to sought valid and reliable testing method that provide an alternative to sit-ups. Total 92 young and healthy subjects (68 males and 24 females) were recruited, and the following results were obtained. 1. A low correlations in males, but a high correlations in females was found when the comparisons were made between aerobic and muscle endurance capability. 2. Measuring tolerance time, by using isometric contraction was showed a significant correlation with the repetition numbers of sit-ups. 3. The highest correlation was found at 40 inclined degrees of plane, and the lowest correlation was drawn from 50 inclined degrees of plane. Based on these results, it was concluded that measuring tolerance time during maintaining an isometric contraction at 40 inclined degrees of plane is a valid and effective tool for measuring abdominal muscle endurance, and it can be used as an alternative way of sit-up, which potentially risky for inducing many back-associated injuries. Further studies need to be undertaken to determine for optimal angles, that can safely be applied for people of various age groups and physical conditions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

The multivariate regional frequency analysis has many advantages such as an adaption of regional parameters and consideration of a correlated structure of the data. The multivariate regional frequency analysis can provide the broader and more detailed information for the hydrological variables. The multivariate regional frequency analysis has not been attempted to model hydrological variables in South Korea yet. Therefore, it is required to investigate the applicability of the multivariate regional frequency analysis in the modeling of the hydrological variables. The current study investigated the applicability of the homogeneous region delineation and their characteristics in bivariate regional frequency analysis of annual maximum rainfall depth-duration data. The K-medoid method was employed as a clustering method. The discordancy and heterogeneous measures were used to assess the appropriateness of the delineation results. According to the results of the clustering analysis, the employed stations could be grouped into five regions. All stations at three of the five regions led to acceptable values of discordancy measures than the threshold. The stations where have short record length led to the large discordancy measures. All grouped regions were identified as a homogeneous region based on heterogeneous measure estimates. It was observed that there are strong cross-correlations among the stations in the same region.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.293-309
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• 1993

With expanded and extended coverage of the national medical insurance and fast growing health care expenditures, appropriateness of health service utilization and quality of care are concerns of both health care providers and insurers as well as patients. An accurate patient classification system is a basic tool for effective health care policies and efficient health services management. A classification system applicable to Korean medical information-Korean Diagnosis Related Groups (K-DRGs)-was developed based on the U.S. Refined DRGs, and the performance of the developed system was assessed in this study. In the process of the development, first the Korean coding systems for diagnoses and procedures were converted to the systems used in the definition of the U.S. Refined DRGs using the mapping tables formulated by physician panels. Then physician panels reviewed the group definition, and identified medical practice patterns different in two countries. The definition was modified for the differences in K-DRGs. The process resulted in 1,199 groups in the system. Several groups in Refined DRGs could not be differentiated in K-DRGs due to insufficient medical information, and several groups could not be defined due to procedures which were not practiced in Korea. However, the classification structure of Refined DRGs was retained in K-DRGs. The developed system was evaluated fur its performance in explaining variations in resource use as measured by charges and length of stay(LOS), for both all and non-extreme discharges. The data base used in this evaluation included 373,322 discharges which was a random sample of discharges reviewed and payed by the medical insurance during the five-month period from September 1990. The proportion of variance in resource use which was reduced by classifying patients into K-DRGs-r-square-was comparable to the performance of the U.S. Refined DRGs: .39 for charges and .25 for LOS for all discharges, and .53 for charges and .31 for LOS for non-extreme discharges. Another measure analyzed to assess the performance was the coefficient of variation of charges within individual K-DRGs. A total of 966 K-DRGs (87.7%) showed a coefficient below 100%, and the highest coefficient among K-DRGs with more than 30 discharges was 159%.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2018

Construction accidents in Korea are continuously increasing. Safety signs with high visibility color can diminish such accidents in dangerous places. In order for safety color to be more effective as a global communication means in construction sites, it needs to be checked out whether safety color standard reflect the characteristics of construction industry such as worker or work environment. This paper compared safety color standards among Korea, the US, the UK, and Australia. First, blue color was included in all, which should be corrected considering aged workers increasing in construction industry. Because with age, the ability to distinguish between blue, purple, and gray colors decreases. Second, Korea, which has only single code designated to safety colors, should find alternatives like tolerance to be applicable to a variety of light environments on construction sites, as the contrast which affect the visibility may decrease in dark conditions.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2019

The appropriateness of introducing blockchain technology into food safety management systems was evaluated by conducting a survey of experts on the effectiveness and constraint evaluation indicators, and a portfolio analysis was conducted to set the priorities of blockchain application. The food safety management activities considered in this study were issuing documents on food import/export, food hygiene rating scheme, civil complaint management in the food sector, food- related certification, risk information management, and food traceability systems. The sectors that can be expected to be effective in the introduction of blockchain technology were food- related certification, food hygiene rating scheme, risk information management, and issuing documents on food import/export. In the case of food traceability systems and civil complaint management, the introduction of blockchain technology was not recommended due to ineffectiveness. From the evaluation of the constraints (e.g., technical limits, cost, legal amendment, personal information disclosure, timeliness, and ease of connection) to be overcome when introducing blockchain into food safety management, it was found that there are more than average constraints in all six areas. In particular, the food traceability system was evaluated to have the most constraints. Issuing documents on food import/export is very effective with the introduction of blockchain technology, but due to high cost and legal restrictions, it is necessary to improve the institutional system in order to introduce blockchain. Among the evaluation sectors, food- related certification, food hygiene rating scheme, and risk information management on foods were suitable for preferentially adopting blockchain technology since these areas might experience greatly improved reliability and transparency through the introduction of blockchain, with relatively low constraints.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2021

Poor logistical infrastructure and agri-food supply chain management leads to significant food waste in logistic system. The concept of the sustainable value added agri-food chains requires defined approach to the analysis of the existing situation, possible improving strategies and also assessment of these changes impact on further development. The purpose of research is to provide scientific substantiation of theoretical and methodological principles and develop practical recommendations for the improvement of the agri-food logistics distribution system. A case study methodology is used in this article. The research framework is based on 4 steps: Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Gap and Process Analysis, Validation and Improvement Areas Definition and Imitation Modelling. This paper presents the appropriateness of LEAN logistics tools using, in particular, Value Stream Mapping (VSM) for minimizing logistic losses and Simulation Modeling of possible logistics distribution system improvement results. The algorithm of VSM analysis of the agri-food supply chain, which involves its optimization by implementing the principles of sustainable development at each stage, is proposed. The methodical approach to the analysis of possible ways for optimizing the operation of the logistics system of the agri-food distribution is developed. It involves the application of Value Stream Mapping, i.e. designing of stream maps of the creation of the added value in the agri-food supply chain for the current and future state based on the minimization of logistic losses. Simulation modeling of the investment project on time optimization in the agri-food supply chain and economic effect of proposed improvements in logistics product distribution system functioning at the level of the investigated agricultural enterprise has been determined. Improvement of logistics planning and coordination of operations in the supply chain and the innovative pre-cooling system proposed to be introduced have a 3-year payback period and almost 75-80% probability. Based on the conducted VSM analysis of losses in the agri-food supply chain, there have been determined the main points, where it is advisable to conduct optimization changes for the achievement of positive results and the significant economic effect from the proposed measures has been confirmed. In further studies, it is recommended to focus on identifying the synergistic effect of the agri-food supply chain optimization on the basis of sustainable development.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-60
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction of online classes of undergraduates who have experienced sudden online classes in college because of COVID-19, and to analyze the differences of the satisfaction of online classes depending on colleges. The participants were 1,380 college students. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Post-hoc Scheffé were performed. Undergraduates were highly satisfied with online classes in cultural subjects and major subjects, whereas they showed low satisfaction with appropriateness of the assignment. There were statistically significant differences in online class satisfaction between colleges. Students at the College of Education were highly satisfied with online classes satisfaction, while engineering students were less satisfied with online classes satisfaction. There were statistically significant differences in students engagements between colleges. Regardless of colleges, students displayed low satisfaction in e-class server and teaching and learning infrastructure. These findings suggest that we need to provide autonomous support and make an effective online learning environment such as server expansion and e-class improvement to enhance undergraduates' self-directed learning. We also should come up with effective online classes guidelines.