• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.55-89
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• 2009

This article aims to critically review recent U. S. RMA-centered theories of warfare having prevailed after the 1991-92 Gulf War upon which the current ROKA military transformation project, the Vision 2020, largely based. In order to evaluate validity as a universal warfighing theory of NCW (Network Centric Warfare) and EBO (Effects-Based Operations), this article reviews the intrinsic strength and weakness of the theories as well as results of several recent wars that the U. S. Army conducted based on doctrines derived form such theories, In addition, this article examines the impact of certain military technology or weapon system in some well-known historical wars to draw lessons regarding the relationship between technology(weapon system) and military victory. Historical examples has shown that victories in war were not achieved by new technologies alone in most cases. Rather military victories tended to owe to combination of new technology, original doctrine and well conceived organization. Although the U. S. Armed Forces showed brilliant records of operational successes anchored on the system of PGMs and NCW concepts in Iraq (1991-92; 2003) and Afghanistan (2001-02), it must be pointed out that the operational successes did not bring about political ones in cases of Iraq and Afghanistan. It reminds us of perils of too technologically tilted approach to the conduct of war. In sum, one ought to recognize that superior technology nowadays became a necessary condition of success but is not yet a sufficient condition, the ROKA needs to be abreast with development trends of military technologies and related theoretical concepts, it need not too be in a hurry in adopting cutting edged war-making technologies at the expense of large amount of budget. The essay recommends for the ROKA several basic requirements for coping with conduct of future wars as well as establishing a 'Korean style military thought'; (1) Recognition of importance of technology in conduct of war; (2) Imposition of officer self-study hours in working days; (3) Establishing a lifestyle of military professionalism in the Korean officer corps; (4) Setting up small or large groups of think-tanks that are specialized in army doctrinal formulation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.116-124
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• 1991

Nursing problems of 48 hospitalized patients with Conduct Disorder at a Child-Adolescent psychiatry inpatient were analyzed by reviewing nursing records. The results showed that the problems such as ineffective individual coping, impaired social interaction, disturbance in self-concept, potential for violence, alteration in parenting, altered growth and development were continued from early to later phase of the hospitalization and the other problems such as self-care deficit, anxiety, sleep disturbance, altered nutrition, hyperthermia were temporary. The etiologic factors related to these problems were underdeveloped ego, low self-esteem, dysfunctional parent-child relationship, some situational crises in family and handicap like mental retardation or epilepsy. Therefore nursing approach for the patients with Conduct Disorder should focus on ego growth and improvement of interpersonal relationship through systematic and long-term nursing plans and interventions for these patients and their family.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.130-139
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• 2016

Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate differences of clinical characteristics between a healthy female control group and female panic disorder (PD) patients with early sexual abuse history (PD+S) and without early sexual abuse history (PD-S). Methods We examined data from 83 patients diagnosed with PD and 20 healthy control subjects. We divided the patients with PD into PD+S (32 patients) and PD-S (51 patients) to compare demographic and clinical characteristics. The following instruments were applied: the Stress coping strategies, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R), the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ) and the NEO-neuroticism. Results Compared to the PD-S, the PD+S group showed higher scores in neuroticism and the APPQ. And, in the PD+S group, the scores of neuroticism were correlated with the ASI-R and APPQ subscale scores and the APPQ total scores were associated with the scores of BDI. Conclusions This study shows that female PD+S patients have higher scores in neuroticism and the APPQ than the PD-S group, and these factors are associated with the panic-related symptoms severity. It emphasizes the need of specific strategies considering the childhood abuse history such as early sexual abuse in clinical approach among patients with PD.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2008

The purposes of the study were to identify the concept of teaching portfolios, learning portfolios, and its contents and to investigate the foreign universities' application of teaching and learning portfolios on their professorship and teaching achievement evaluation. To have rationale for the study, literature review and data collection methodology were hired. The concept of teaching and learning portfolios have been used in many ways of meaning as well as in multiple approach in teaching-learning processes. The selected ten foreign universities have had teaching and learning portfolios on their professorship and teaching achievement evaluation as a way of promotion and or incentives to employment decisions. On the other hand, domestic universities do not have the system yet, or they are launching it to enact with infusing engineering program. It is also proposed that to improve the quality of the education program, learning portfolios should be used much more than lecture plan used. Learning portfolios should be developed by learners to coping with the teaching portfolio in all teaching and learning processes.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.339-358
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• 2014

On the subjects of elementary 3-rd grade three child prodigies who learned primary concept of division, this study explored how they could compose schema and transformed schema through recognition of precise concepts and linking with the contents of division of fraction. That is to say, this study examined in depth what schema and transformed schema as primary concept of division they composed to get relational understanding of division of fraction, and how they used the schema and transformed schema composed by themselves to approach problem solving as well as how they transformed the schema in their concept composition and problem solving competence. As a result, it was found that learning of primary concept of division played a key role of composing schema and transformed schema needed for coping with division of fraction, and that at this time, composition of the transformed schema and transformed schema derived from the recognition of primary concept of division could play the inevitable role of problem solving for division of fraction.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.251-271
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• 2015

This article examines the HRD implications of using robotic technology in the workplace. Because existing literature has been primarily about the technical engineering aspects of robotics, it is difficult to understand the socio-cultural perspective about the challenges and potentials of robotization in the workplace. Especially, in order to identify the best organizational support appropriate for working with robots, this article indicates alternative perspective for observing human-robot interaction in the workplace. In addition, this article points out four implications of robotic technology in organizations for practice and research development in HRD. These implications were identified as (1) defining the components of expertise in terms of human-robot interaction, (2) coping with organizational change process resulting from robotic technology, (3) designing appropriate interventions for an organization to effectively assist human-robot interaction, and (4) establishing the code of work ethics in the robotic age. The suggested implications can contribute to shaping conceptual frameworks for further empirical social science research.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the process of life adaptation in women with cervical cancer. Method: A grounded theory method with guided data collection and analysis was used. Fifteen women with cervical cancer who had some kind of treatment at the hospital were asked open-ended and descriptive questions with a guideline. All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Result: The core category that emerged from the comparative analysis was "overcoming cancer" named as a process of life adaptation in the participants. The process of overcoming cancer evolved three stages - "admitting reality", "attempting health-care" and "continuing health-care". Depending on the paradigm model, the central phenomena of the experiences was "powerlessness". The internal factors motivating women to overcome cancer were "denial of cancer" and "desire for life". Strategies of overcoming cancer included "living as a cancer patient," "selective food eating," "steady exercising," "getting rid of stress," and "preparing for death". The intervening conditions, "supportive system," "forms of life," and "burden on family," influenced overcoming cancer. Conclusion: The results of this study could help clinical nurses to understand life adaptation in cervical cancer patients and establish efficient coping strategies in dealing with the problems they face.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.316-334
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• 2006

In the traditional computing paradigm, developers design software to run in a fixed and well-defined environment. The real environment, however, is too complicated to analyze all situations perfectly. Consequently, traditional software, which is implemented only for what is wanted as input, often fails badly in real environment. As a new approach, self-adaptive software can avoid runtime failures adapting to unpredictable situations. Self-adaptive software must firstly evaluate the contextual situation to determine the need for adaptation. Existing researches do not support the abstraction mechanism for identifying contextual problem. Consequently, they can have troubles with identifying the contextual problem as the execution environment is getting complex. In addition, they cannot support the expandability for contextual problems, which software can evaluate. This paper suggests the goal-based evaluation method of contextual situation for coping with the limitations of existing researches.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

The perception of risk that firefighters have is closely related to their performance and emergency preparedness in nuclear power plant accidents. This study investigated the unique risk perception among firefighters working in nuclear power plants (NPPs) using a concept mapping method. Thirty three firefighters in NPPs participated in this study. Two core axes, "fear and control" and "coping resource", emerged in the firefighters' risk perception. In particular, the risk perception consisted of six clusters: fear of radiation exposure and low controllability; anxiety caused by the lack of control and authority; lack of trust and cooperation; lack of authority and professionals; lack of equipment, manual, and information; and lack of knowledge and training. Catastrophic expectation and a low sense of control caused by the lack of responsive resources were the main factors that increase the risk perception. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.349-360
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to derive a substantive theory on lived experiences of elderly cancer patients. Methods: The data were collected from February to March 2018 through in-depth personal interviews with 14 elderly cancer patients. The collected data were analyzed based on Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory. Results: The core category was "the journey to find balance in daily lives as a cancer patient by recovering disturbed ego integrity." The core phenomenon was "shattered by suffering from cancer," and the causal conditions were "physical change" and "limitations in daily life." The contextual conditions were "decreased self-esteem," "feelings of guilt toward the family," and the sense of "economic burden." The participants' action and interaction strategies were "maintaining or avoiding social relations," "seeking meaning of the illness," "falling into despair," and "strengthening the willingness to battle the cancer." The intervening conditions were "support from health care providers and family," "dissatisfaction with health care providers," "spiritual help from religion," and "the improvement or worsening of health conditions." The consequences were "having a new insight for life," "living positively along with cancer illness," and "the loss of willingness to live." A summary of the series of processes includes the "crisis stage," "reorganizing stage," and the "ego integration stage." Conclusion: This study explored the holistic process of ego integrity impairment and the recovery experience of elderly cancer patients. This study is expected to be used as a basis for the development of nursing interventions that can support patients when coping with all stages of their cancer illness trajectory.