• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1624-1624
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• 2001

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to investigate the possibility for application in identification of apple cultivars. Three apple cultivars ‘Kamhong, Hwahong, and Fuji’ produced in Korea were scanned over the range of 1100-2500nm using NIRS (Infra Alzer 500). Two types of samples were used for scanning; one was apple with skin and the other was apple without skin. For cultivar identification, the NIR absorbance spectrums were analyzed by qualitative calibration in “Sesame” analysis program, and the various influence properties such as sugar contents, acidity, color, firmness, and micro-structure were compared in scanned samples. The ‘Kamhong’ cultivar could be identified from ‘Hwahong’ and ‘Fuji’ cultivars using the cluster model analysis. The test samples in calibration between ‘Kamhong’ and ‘Fuji’ cultivars could be completely identified. The test samples in calibration between ‘Kamhong’ and ‘Hwahong’ cultivars could be identified most of all. But, ‘Hwahong’ and ‘Fuji’ cultivars could not be quite classified each other. The apple skin influenced the identification process of apple cultivars. The samples without skin were more difficult to classify in calibration than the samples with skin. The physicochemical properties of apple cultivars showed like the result of identification in calibration using NIRS. Some physicochemical properties of ‘Kamhong’ cultivar were different from those of the other cultivars. Those of ‘Hwahong’ and ‘Fuji’ cultivars showed. similar to each other. The sucrose contents of ‘Kamhong’ cultivar were higher and the fructose contents and firmness of skin and flesh were lower than those of the others. The hypodermis layer of skin in ‘Kamhong’ cultivar was thinner than those of the others. In this studies, the identification of all apple cultivars by NIRS was not quite accurate because of the physicochemical properties which were different in the same cultivar, and inconsistent patterns by culivars in some properties. To solve these problems in NIRS application for apple cultivar identification, further study should be focused on the use of peculiar properties among the apple cultivars.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.747-758
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• 2016

우리 사과의 낙과 및 등외품의 식품으로써 이용가치를 높이고 사과장아찌의 품질개선을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 지역 농가에서 생산한 각기 다른 여섯 품종의 사과를 사용하여 사과 장아찌를 제조하였으며, 숙성 및 저장 기간에 따른 이화학적 품질특성과 관능평가를 통한 사과품종의 적합성을 조사하였다. 전체적인 사과장아찌의 초기 수분함량은 14.19~16.94%였으나 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 평균 25%정도 증가하여 유지되는 경향을 나타냈다. pH는 품종에 상관없이 3.98에서 4.55 범위에서 거의 일정하게 유지되었으며, 총산도는 0.8~1.3% 범위에서 숙성 10일째 까지 다소 감소하다 증가하여 유지되었다. 숙성 중 당도는 초기 60~68%였으나 숙성 5일째에 34~27%로 감소하였으며, 그 후 25~23%의 당도를 유지하였다. 염도는 초기에 0.94~1.64%였으나 저장 중 증가하여 15일 이후 사용한 사과 품종에 상관없이 3.5~3.8%로 비슷하였다. 관능적 특성은 홍로 품종을 사용한 사과장아찌의 경우 맛과 식감이 좋은 것으로 평가되었으며, 쓰가루 품종을 사용한 경우 색과 맛이 비교적 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 갈라 품종의 경우 색, 향, 맛, 조직감 모두 비교적 좋은 평가를 받았으며, 특히 맛과 향이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 전체적인 기호도는 갈라 품종을 사용한 사과장아찌를 가장 선호하는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2012

The study aimed to establish an efficient tool for cultivar identification and characterization being the first steps of apple introduction and improvement program. We utilized a method to efficiently record DNA molecular fingerprints of plant individuals genotyped by RAPD, which could be used as efficient reference information for quick plant identification. Ten of sixty 11-mer primers were screened to identify the 68 apple genotypes which could be distinguished by a combination of several primers. All cultivars were easily identified by the corresponding primers marked on the cultivar identification diagram (CID). The results indicated that the CID strategy developed and employed in the apple cultivar identification could be vital in the utilization of DNA marker in other plants as well as the development of the apple industry.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.52-52
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• 2018

Apple (Malus domestica) is one of the most economically important fruits in Korea. But virus infection has decreased sustainable production of apple and caused the serious problems such as yield loss and poor fruit quality. Virus or viroid infection including Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) has been also reported in Korea, furthermore, its damages and economic losses have increased constantly. In our research, we tried to survey virus infection for commercial nursery trees of major apple cultivars, especially dwarfing rootstocks 'M.9' and 'M.26' as well as scions. Trees were collected from 11 locations which have produced a great amount of apple nursery stocks in Korea. Infection degree was investigated in apple cultivars, 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' using RT-PCR method. In the scion of cultivar 'Hongro', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 100%, 81.8% and 100% respectively. In the rootstock of cultivar 'Hongro', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV and ApMV were 90.9%, 81.8%, 100% and 9.1% respectively. In the scion of cultivar 'Fuji', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 81.8%, 90.9% and 100% respectively. In the rootstock of cultivar 'Fuji', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV and ApMV were 81.8%, 90.9%, 100% and 9.1% respectively. Infection of ASSVd was not detected in both cultivars. From our results, it was found that most of apple rootstocks and scions had multiple infections by apple viruses which have caused economic damage in fruit production.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.222-226
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• 1982

사과 부패병균(Macrophoma sp.)에 감염된 과일에서 총페놀, flavonol, anthocyanin 함량의 병화를 사과의 여러 발육시기에서 조사하였다. 사과가 성숙됨에 따라 과육, 과피의 총페놀함량은 급격히 감소하였다. 부패병균에 감염된 과육에서 건전한 과육보다 다소 총페놀함량이 낮았으며 품종밀러보다 더 감수성인 후지의 감염된 과육에서 이의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 건전한 과피에서 보다 감염된 과피에서 높은 페놀함량을 보였으며 밀러에서 이의 증가가 현저하였다. 부패된 사과에서 flavonol 함량이 건전 사과보다 높았으며 7월 10일에 Macrophoma에 완전 저항성이었던 사과의 감염된 과피에 flavonol이 크게 축적되었다. anthocyanin 생성도 감염된 과피에 상당히 증가되었으며 품종 밀러에서 뚜렷했다. 이들 결과에서 미루어 사과의 페놀대사변동은 사과 부패병진전과 관계가 있을지 모른다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2016

'Gamhong' apple cultivar which was bred by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, has high sugar contents, large types of fruit and mid-season types of cultivar. However, 'Gamhong' apple tree is very sensitive cultivar to bitter pit. Therefore, many farms have not solved the problems on bitter pit to cultivate 'Gamhong' apple tree. This study was carried out to find out the exposed length of rootstocks on the occurrence of bitter pit and fruit quality of 'Gamhong'/M.26 apple tree and seek the ideal cultivation strategy to decrease bitter pit to cultivate it. For this research, ten-years-old 'Gamhong'/M.26 apple trees were used. The difference among the treatments of the exposure of rootstock of RL (5 cm), RM (15 cm) and RH (20 cm) from the soil surface was observed with 4 repetition from 2010 to 2011. Decreased exposure of rootstocks resulted in more vigorous growth, taller height, and greater number of shoots. N and K/Ca of RH was tend to be lower than RM and RL, whereas as the exposure of rootstock decreased, fruit weight and bitter pit increased. Therefore, occurrence of bitter pit in RH was significantly lower than that of RM and RL treatment and fruit weight also decreased. There was no difference on nutrient contents of leaf and the fruit quality by the exposed of rootstock in 'Gamhong' M.26 apple tree. To reduce the occurrence of bitter pit, it may be helpful to keep the optimum exposure of rootstock within 20 cm from the soil surface.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2017

과육색이 다르게 발현되는 사과(Malus domestica L.) 품종의 유전자 발현을 비교하기 위해 2개의 cDNA library를 제작하였다. 붉은 색 과육 품종인 'Redfield'와 백색 과육 품종인 'Granny Smith'의 유전자 발현 차이를 보기 위해 차세대 염기서열 분석(NGS) 기술을 사용하였고 두 품종으로부터 얻은 EST의 염기서열을 결정하고 기존에 보고된 유전자와의 상동성을 분석하였다. HRM 기술은 붉은 색 과육 품종 사과와 백색 과육 품종 사과의 짧은 PCR 증폭산물에서 한 개의 서로 다른 염기서열을 구분하여 분리해낼 수 있다. 'Redfield'와 'Granny Smith'의 EST database로부터 103쌍의 단일염기다형성(SNP) 분자표지를 선발하였고, 붉은 색 과육 품종 10개와 백색 과육 품종 11개를 구분할 수 있는 SNP 분자표지를 HRM 방법으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 사과 EST database를 기반으로 HRM 분석 방법을 이용하여 사과 품종의 적육계와 백육계를 구분할 수 있는 효율적인 SNP 분자표지를 개발하였다. 이러한 SNP 분자표지는 사과육종에 유용하게 사용할 수 있으며 사과 품종의 다양한 색 변화에 관한 분자 기작 연구에 좋은 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2021

머리뿔가위벌을 사과에 더욱 효과적으로 사용하기 위하여 중생종 '홍로'와 만생종 '후지'에서 머리뿔가위벌의 영소활동과 화분매개효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과, '후지'에서의 영소활동이 '홍로'보다 2.5배 많았다. 영소율과 증식률에서 '후지'가 '홍로' 보다 각각 1.5배, 3.8배 높았다. 품종에 따른 화분매개효과를 조사한 결과, 중심화결실률에서 '후지'가 '홍로'보다 1.6배 높았다. 과실의 품질에서 사축과율은 '후지'가 '홍로'보다 2.5배 낮았고, 사과종자의 수는 1.9배 많았다. 이에 대한 원인을 밝히기 위해 개화기 기상환경과 머리뿔가위벌의 활동량에 대한 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 머리뿔가위벌의 활동에 영향을 미치는 주된 요소는 온도로 나타났다 (R2 = 0.578). '후지'(평균 17.4 ~ 최고 24.1℃)의 개화기 기온은 '홍로'(평균 12.5 ~ 최고 20.2℃)보다 4 ~ 5℃ 높았기 때문에 '후지'에서 영소활동과 화분매개효과가 '홍로'보다 큰 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 조생종 '홍로'에서는 머리뿔가위벌보다 기상환경에 영향을 적게받는 뒤영벌과 같은 화분매개곤충을 사용하는 것이 권장되며, 만생종 '후지'에서는 머리뿔가위벌의 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 사과 재배 농가에게 사과의 안정적인 생산을 위한 중요한 정보로 사용될 수 있다. 아울러 기후변화에 인하여 머리뿔가위벌의 화분매개활동이나 증식률이 변할 수 있다는 결론은 식생과 곤충상에 변화에 대한 근거로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2019

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) are economically important viruses that infect pear tree species worldwide. To evaluate the prevalence of these viruses in Korea, we investigated infection degree of three viruses and one viroid for the commercial nursery trees of the pear cultivars, Niitaka, Chuwhang, Wonwhang, and Whasan in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that the infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV, and ASSVd for the scion of pear cultivar Niitaka was 10%, 45%, 77%, and 50%, respectively. From the scion of pear cultivar Chuwhang, infection ratios of ASPV, ASGV, and ASSVd were found to be 70%, 50%, and 60%, respectively. From the scion of pear cultivar Whasan, infection ratios of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV and ASSVd were found to be 40%, 60%, 93%, and 20%, respectively. From the root stock of pear cultivar Wonwhang, infection ratios of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV, and ASSVd showed 28%, 57%, 100%, and 14%, respectively. ASGV had the highest recorded infection rate, and ACLSV was characterized by the lowest infection rate. The mixed infection ratio of Niitaka, Chuwhang, Whasan, and Wonwhang was 45%, 60%, 70%, and 85%, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2021

Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) is a widely cultivated and commercially important fruit crop, which is occasionally subject to severe economic losses due to latent viral infections. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine and provide a comprehensive overview of virus populations infecting a major pear cultivar ('Singo') in Korea. From June 2017 to October 2019, leaf samples (n = 110) of pear trees from 35 orchards in five major pear-producing regions were collected and subjected to RNA sequencing. Most virus-associated contigs matched the sequences of known viruses, including apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV). However, some contigs matched the sequences of apple green crinkle-associated virus and cucumber mosaic virus. In addition, three complete or nearly complete genomes were constructed based on transcriptome data and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Based on the number of virus-associated reads, ASGV and ASPV were identified as the dominant viruses of 'Singo.' The present study describes the virome of a major pear cultivar in Korea, and looks into the diversity of viral communities in this cultivar. This study can provide valuable information on the complexity of genetic variability of viruses infecting pear trees.