• Title/Summary/Keyword: appearance test

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Studies on Glycolipids in Bacteria -Part II. On the Structure of Glycolipid of Selenomonas ruminantium- (세균(細菌)의 당지질(糖脂質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -제2보(第二報) Selenomonas ruminantium의 당지질(糖脂質)의 구조(構造)-)

  • Kim, Kyo-Chang
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.125-137
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    • 1974
  • The chemical structure of glycolipid of Selenomonas ruminantium cell wall was to be elucidated. The bacterial cells were treated in hot TCA and the glycolipid fractions were extracted by the solvent $CHCl_3\;:\;CH_3OH$ (1 : 3). The extracted glycolipids fraction was further separated by acetone extraction. The acetone soluble fraction was named as the spot A-compound. The acetone insoluble but ether soluble fraction was named as the spot B-compound. These two compounds were examined for elucidation of their chemical structure. The results were as follows: 1. The IR spectral analysis showed that O-acyl and N-acyl fatty acids were linked to glucosamine moiety in the spot A-compound. However in the spot B-compound in addition to O and N-acyl acids phosphorus was shown to be attached to glucosamine. 2. It was recognized by gas liquid chromatography that spot A compound contained beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ fatty acid in predominance in addition to the fatty acid with beta-OH $C_{9:0}$, whereas the spot B compound was composed of the predominant fatty acid of beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ with small amount of beta-OH $C_{9:0}$. 3. According to the paper chromatographic analysis of hydrazinolysis products of the spot A compound, a compound of a similar Rf value as the chitobiose was recognized, which indicated a structure of two molecules glucosamine condensed. The low Rf value of the hydrazinolysis product of the spot B-compound confirmed the presence of phosphorus attached to glucosamine. 4. The appearance of arabinose resulting from. ninhydrin decomposition of the acid hydrolyzate of the spot A compound indicated that the amino group is attached to $C_2$ of glucosamine. 5. The amount of glucosamine in the N-acetylated spot A compound decreased in half of the original content by the treatment. with $NaBH_4$, indicating that there are two molecules of glucosamines in the spot A compound. The presence of 1, 6-linkage between two molecules of glucosamine was suggested by the Morgan-Elson reaction and confirmed by the periodate decomposition test. 6. By the action of ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucosaminidase the N-acetylated spot A compound was completely decomposed into N-acetyl glucosamine, whereas the spot B compound was not. This indicated the spot A compound has a beta-linkage. 7. When phosphodiesterase or phosphomonoesterase acted on $^{32}P-labeled$ spot B compound, $^{32}P$ was not released by phosphodiesterase, but completely released by phosphomonoesterase. This indicated that one phosphorus is linked to glucosamine moiety. 8. The spot A compound is assumed to have the following chemical structure: That is glucosaminyl, ${\beta}-1$, 6-glucosamine to which O-acyl and N-acyl fatty acids are linked, of which the predominant fatty acid is beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ fatty acid in addition to beta-OH $C_{9:0}$ fatty acid 9. The spot B compound is likely to have the linkage of $glucosaminyl-{\beta}-1$, 6-glucosamine to which phosphorus is linked in monoester linkage. Furthermore both O-acyl and N-acyl fatty acids contained beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ fatty acid predominantly in addition to beta-OH $C_{9:0}$ fatty acid.

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Anastomosis Groups and Cultural Characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates from Crops in Korea (국내(國內) 작물(作物)에서 분리한 Rhizoctonia solani 균주(菌株)들의 균사융합군(菌絲融合群)과 배양적(培養的) 특성(特性))

  • Kim, Wan-Gyu;Cho, Won-Dae;Lee, Young-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.309-324
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    • 1994
  • A total of 2,276 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani obtained from diseased crops of 68 species was classified into anastomosis groups AG-1, AG-2-1, AG-2-2, AG-3, AG-4 and AG-5 by anastomosis test. Among the isolates, 1,091 isolates were identified as AG-1, 326 isolates as AG-2-1, 191 isolates as AG-2-2, 71 isolates as AG-3, 505 isolates as AG-4, and 92 isolates as AG-5. Among the isolates of AG-1, 791 isolates were grouped as cultural type IA, 280 isolates as cultural type IB, and the others as cultural type IC. Among the isolates of AG-2-2, 112 isolates were grouped as cultural type IIIB, and the others as cultural type IV. Cultural types IA, IB and IC of AG-1 were isolated from 7, 26 and 2 species of crops, respectively. AG-2-1 was isolated from 10 species of crops. Cultural types IIIB and IV of AG-2-2 were isolated from 7 and 3 species of crops, respectively. AG-3 was only isolated from Solanum tuberosum. AG-4 was isolated from 43 species of crops, and AG-5 from 13 species of crops. A single anastomosis group was isolated from each of 45 species of crops, but two or more than two anastomosis groups were isolated from each of the other crops. Cultural appearance of the isolates belonging to an anastomosis group or a cultural type was mostly distinct from that belonging to others, although cultural appearances of some anastomosis groups or cultural types were similar to one another. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of AG-1, AG-2-2, AG-4 and AG-5 ranged from 26 to $30^{\circ}C$, and that of AG-2-1 and AG-3 from 22 to $26^{\circ}C$. Minimum temperature for mycelial growth of AG-2-1 was the lowest as $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$, that of AG-1(IA) and AG-4 was the highest as $10{\sim}11^{\circ}C$, and that of the others ranged from 5 to $10^{\circ}C$. Maximum temperature for mycelial growth of AG-2-2(IIIB) was the highest as $36{\sim}37^{\circ}C$, that of AG-2-1 was the lowest as $29{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, and that of the others ranged from 31 to $36^{\circ}C$. When the mycelial growth rates at $26^{\circ}C$ were compared, AG-1(IC) grew most rapidly, followed by AG-1(IA) and AG-1(IB), and AG-2-1 grew most slowly.

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A Study on Knowledge Entity Extraction Method for Individual Stocks Based on Neural Tensor Network (뉴럴 텐서 네트워크 기반 주식 개별종목 지식개체명 추출 방법에 관한 연구)

  • Yang, Yunseok;Lee, Hyun Jun;Oh, Kyong Joo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.25-38
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    • 2019
  • Selecting high-quality information that meets the interests and needs of users among the overflowing contents is becoming more important as the generation continues. In the flood of information, efforts to reflect the intention of the user in the search result better are being tried, rather than recognizing the information request as a simple string. Also, large IT companies such as Google and Microsoft focus on developing knowledge-based technologies including search engines which provide users with satisfaction and convenience. Especially, the finance is one of the fields expected to have the usefulness and potential of text data analysis because it's constantly generating new information, and the earlier the information is, the more valuable it is. Automatic knowledge extraction can be effective in areas where information flow is vast, such as financial sector, and new information continues to emerge. However, there are several practical difficulties faced by automatic knowledge extraction. First, there are difficulties in making corpus from different fields with same algorithm, and it is difficult to extract good quality triple. Second, it becomes more difficult to produce labeled text data by people if the extent and scope of knowledge increases and patterns are constantly updated. Third, performance evaluation is difficult due to the characteristics of unsupervised learning. Finally, problem definition for automatic knowledge extraction is not easy because of ambiguous conceptual characteristics of knowledge. So, in order to overcome limits described above and improve the semantic performance of stock-related information searching, this study attempts to extract the knowledge entity by using neural tensor network and evaluate the performance of them. Different from other references, the purpose of this study is to extract knowledge entity which is related to individual stock items. Various but relatively simple data processing methods are applied in the presented model to solve the problems of previous researches and to enhance the effectiveness of the model. From these processes, this study has the following three significances. First, A practical and simple automatic knowledge extraction method that can be applied. Second, the possibility of performance evaluation is presented through simple problem definition. Finally, the expressiveness of the knowledge increased by generating input data on a sentence basis without complex morphological analysis. The results of the empirical analysis and objective performance evaluation method are also presented. The empirical study to confirm the usefulness of the presented model, experts' reports about individual 30 stocks which are top 30 items based on frequency of publication from May 30, 2017 to May 21, 2018 are used. the total number of reports are 5,600, and 3,074 reports, which accounts about 55% of the total, is designated as a training set, and other 45% of reports are designated as a testing set. Before constructing the model, all reports of a training set are classified by stocks, and their entities are extracted using named entity recognition tool which is the KKMA. for each stocks, top 100 entities based on appearance frequency are selected, and become vectorized using one-hot encoding. After that, by using neural tensor network, the same number of score functions as stocks are trained. Thus, if a new entity from a testing set appears, we can try to calculate the score by putting it into every single score function, and the stock of the function with the highest score is predicted as the related item with the entity. To evaluate presented models, we confirm prediction power and determining whether the score functions are well constructed by calculating hit ratio for all reports of testing set. As a result of the empirical study, the presented model shows 69.3% hit accuracy for testing set which consists of 2,526 reports. this hit ratio is meaningfully high despite of some constraints for conducting research. Looking at the prediction performance of the model for each stocks, only 3 stocks, which are LG ELECTRONICS, KiaMtr, and Mando, show extremely low performance than average. this result maybe due to the interference effect with other similar items and generation of new knowledge. In this paper, we propose a methodology to find out key entities or their combinations which are necessary to search related information in accordance with the user's investment intention. Graph data is generated by using only the named entity recognition tool and applied to the neural tensor network without learning corpus or word vectors for the field. From the empirical test, we confirm the effectiveness of the presented model as described above. However, there also exist some limits and things to complement. Representatively, the phenomenon that the model performance is especially bad for only some stocks shows the need for further researches. Finally, through the empirical study, we confirmed that the learning method presented in this study can be used for the purpose of matching the new text information semantically with the related stocks.