• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.430-445
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• 1997

In order to know the effects of Calculus $Bovis{\cdot}F디$ Ursi aqua-acupuncture ($C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture) to the liver damage, we carried out the treatment of $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture and injection of Kam-Du-Tang on the liver damaged rat which is induced by aconitine, and then ultrastructural study has been to the liver tissue. The results were as follows: 1. In the hepatic cell of normal group, the nuclear envelope is round and electro-density of nucleoplasm is relatively low, and have one or two large nucleolus. Cell organelle is developed rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and many mitochondria, glycogen granules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER) and Golgi apparatus. 2. In 24 hours control group, nuclear envelope is very irregular, RER and most of cell organell is shown that destroyed by aconitine. This is similar to the 48 hours control group. In 72 hours control group, RER is recovered somewhat but cristae of mitochondria is not seen the shape 3.In 24 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is very irregular and cristernae is very dilatable and many mitochondria is dilationed and the cristae is not definite like the control group. In 48 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is relatively round and chromatin is regular. Cristernae of RER and ribosme is somewhat imperfect but is similar the normal group, and the cristae of mitchondria is shown definitely like the normal group. In 72 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is round and cell organell is similar to normal group. 4. In 24 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, nuclear envlope is very irregular and cell organelles are destroyed by the effects of aconitine. In 48 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, nuclear envelope is somewhat irregular but chromatin is relatively regular. RER is seperated regularly through the cytoplasm, but cannot make the structure of lamina, and cistennae is very dilationed. many of glycogen granules is seperated regularly. In 72 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, RER makes the lamina. Mitochondria is a little but inner space is dilationed so the shape of is not definite and a lot of glycogen granules are accumulated in several places. It see the above result, hepatic cell that is damaged by aconitine is effected chiefly by the $C{\cdot}F$ acupuncture and effect of acupuncture is similar to the detoxicated effect of Kam-Du-Tang.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.25-40
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• 1994

In order to investigate behavior of lateral flow by plasticity of soils and construction control due to it, in the case of unsymmetrical surcharge load on the soft soils, we examine the existing theoretical background, and compared and analysed the experimental results by model test. After model test fabricated by model test apparatus, which made full remolding samples of soft soils, we observed the state of behavior for deformation with increasing load step to constant time interval. The critical surcharge and ultimate capacity showed tendency to approach to the proposed value of Jaky and Meyerhof, and the lateral flow pressure of which the maximum value was acted on the depth calculated by z/H=0.26+1.71cu and one third value of the maximum lateral flow pressure acted on the ground surface, approach the trapezoid distribution And maximum lateral flow pressure will be calculated by proposed equation of Hong or simple equation which($\alpha=0.4$) the flow pressure coefficient . of proposed equation by Tschebotarioff exchanged to($\alpha=K_0$) . Basides, the failure surcharge by [(q/$y_m$)-q] and [$S_y-(y_m/S_y)$] showed the smaller than ultimate bearing capacity, especially failure criteria line of control diagram of [$S_y(y_m/S_y)$] will be calculated by following equation. $S_y.=3.15exp[-0.58(y_m/S_y)$

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

In this study, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ionic liquid has been synthesized, characterized and tested with respect to carbon dioxide absorption with the aim to use it as advanced absorbent materials in fossil fuel processing. The ionic liquid was synthesized by a one step method, low cost. The thermal and chemical stability of selected ionic liquid has been investigated by DSC, TGA and the structure was verified by $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy. The solubility of carbon dioxide in the methanesulfonate-based ionic liquids were measured using a high-pressure equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell at 30, 50 and $70^{\circ}C$ and pressure up to 195 bar. The results show that carbon dioxide solubilities of 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate increased with pressure increasing and temperature decreasing, and the carbon dioxide absorption capacity showed 27.6 $CO_2/IL$(g/kg) at $30^{\circ}C$, 13 bar.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.853-859
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• 2001

The dispersion stability of nano $Y_2O_3-CeO_2$ system was investigated using colloid surface chemistry. Green body of $Y_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ was prepared by slip casting in and aqueous system. The dispersion stability of suspension between powders and organic additive was accomplished through electrokinetic behavior of suspension, which was done by ESA apparatus. The dynamic mobility of particles was enhanced when the anionic dispersant of the amount of 1wt% was added. The dissolution of $Y^{3+}$ ion in suspension occurred in the acidic region so that pH value in slurries did not move to below 7.0. In the $CeO_2-Y_2O_3$ system, optimal preparation of suspension was made after adding the anionic dispersant as the amount of 1wt% and pH value of 11.0, and then slip-cast and sintered at 1400$^{\circ}$C, 2 hrs. It appeared relative density of >98% and homogeneous distribution of Y element in depth direction as well as in the microstructure of surface.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.33
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• pp.169-191
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• 2006

Changing our monopoly broadcasting advertising system into free competition system may give rise to serious troubles that intensify commercialism of broadcasting and reduce diversity of public opinion. In the boundaries of public interest out of danger, korean broadcasting system should adopt a system that partially adopts the principle of free market. Broadcasting advertising sale system affect the whole broadcasting system because it functions as an effective capital-resource provider. Thus, it affects the broadcasting policies' righteousness and efficiency. Due to the non-elastic nature of the total advertising market, broadcasting advertising's size affects other media's capital allocation process. Therefore, broadcasting advertising sales system not only affects broadcast's social duty and public interest, but also affects the whole media industry. First, provide fair and open-competitive measures to support broadcast sales policy so that the market-based system can be run smoothly. Second, block any un-due influence from advertisers by separating production/programming and advertising sales. Third, sustain public broadcast system, not based on the advertising sales but based on the subscription fee. Fourth, social intervention of the advertising market. Fifth, provide policies that can set up multiple media channels/outlets and public opinion. By providing the minimum capital resources to the public broadcasting system, the broadcasting system can act on its public-interest duty and support the people's right-to-know rights.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1972

The morphological and fine structural changes during the oogensis of Clonorchis sinensis were studied on the developing ovums in the ovary and ootype with electron microscope. Adult worms were removed from the hepar of the which and previously infected with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis. The ovary including the Mehlis' glands and an ootype from adult worm was prefixed for 1-2 hours in 1.25% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2M cacodylate at PH 7.2, secondarily fixed for 30 minutes in potassium bicromate and postfixed for an hour in 1% osmic acid buffered with 0.4M cacodylate at PH 7.2. After fixation tissues were dehydrated in an alcohol series, embedded in Epon 812 from propylene oxide and stained with saturated uranyl acetate and $Pn(NO_3)_2$ solution. Material was examined with a Hitachi HS-7S electron microscope. The periphery of the ovary, except for the posterior region, is made up of oogonia. As the oogonia divide they proliferate primary oocytes toward the central part of the ovary. After a period of growth the primary oocyte leaves the ovary and is penetrated by a sperm in the ootype. Sperm penetration immediately activates the primary oocyte to resume its meiotic activity. After the oocytes meiotic activity is completed, the pronuclei fuse to form a single cleavage nucleus which possesses two nucleoli. As the oocytes develop their cytoplamic materials are abundant; small mitochondria are abundant and often their profiles are more unmerous in one part of the cytoplasm than elsewhere; the granular endoplasmic reticulum becomes alveolar-sac form after it leaves the ovary it becomes stratified form. The reticulate Golgi apparatus is apparent in the developed oocyte. A little of cortical granules are distributed inside of the plasma membrane I oogonia and large quantity of cortical granules are arranged just inside of the plasma membrane of the primary oocyte and after fertilization they are disappeared with broken out.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2007

Spermiogenesis in Japanese white-toothed shrew. Crocidura dsinezumi was investigated by transmission electron microscope. Spermiogenesis was divided into 12 phases 14 steps, based on the morphological features of the nucleus and change of organelles in cytoplasm. The nucleus of spermatids in Golgi (step $1{\sim}2$) phase were spherical; however, they were changed into oval in the cap (step $3{\sim}6$) phase. Flagellum appeared in the middle of acrosomal phase; on the other hand, slender and long spermatid head was formed in maturation phase. The head of spermatids faced the lumen in step 1 to step 6 (from Golgi to cap phase), but, in step 7 to step 14 (from acrosomal to spermiation phase), it turned its head to the basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium. The nucleus and acrosome were elongated maximally in step 10. The condensation of chromatin started in late acrosomal (step 10) phase, and it was completely finished and homogenized in the middle of maturation (step 12) phase. Multivesicular body appeared near the acrosomal vacuole during the middle cap (step 5) phase, and a large number of them were observed near the Golgi apparatus in the late cap (step 6) phase. Considering all the results, the spermiogenesis might be useful information to analyse the differentiation of spermatogenic fells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

The ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics of the submandibular gland was examined in the big white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura. A submandibular gland of Crocidura lasiura was a mixed gland composed of serous and mucous acinar cells. Secretory granules from the acini were discharged through the intercalated duct, the granular duct and the striated duct into the oral cavity. Serous and mucous acinar cells and granular duct cells had large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosome and prominent Golgi apparatus at the basal cytoplasm of the cell, and many granules at the apical cytoplasm. Oval type serous granules had a homogeneously pale round shape of bead at the center. Mucous granules were distinct from those of the other mammalian species having variety patterns with several dense bands into homogeneous pale matrix. A serous-like secretory granules and myelin-like body were observed in the cytoplasm and the lumen of granular duct cells. The myelin-like body is a characteristic structure only reported in the salivary glands of two shrews, Suncus murinus and C. dsinezumi. Striated duct cell had numerous well-developed mitochondria but secretory granule was not shown at all.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.701-712
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• 2000

The continuous fiber reinforced composites of GF/PA were fabricated using a pultrusion resin impregnation apparatus and cut into pellets of 6 mm length. GF/PA pellets were then melt-mixed with PP resin to prepare new types of ternary composites, GF/PA/PP. Mechanical and rheological properties of such composites revealed to be better than conventional ternary composites due to the longer average glass fibers. Measurements also showed that the mechanical properties of the composites prepared by direct injection molding were higher than those of the composites prepared by injection molding followed by extrusion. To improve adhesions of fiber surfaces and polymer matrix, PP-MAH (maleic anhydride) has been introduced in the GF/PA/PP composites as a compatibilizer. It was found that PP-MAH did indeed improve surface adhesion between fibers and polymer matrix and that, as a result, various mechanical properties were markedly enhanced. Visualization of the phase structure in the samples was done by means of SEM. The surfaces of glass fibers in GF/PA/PP composites revealed that the fibers remained to be encapsulated by PA resin. However, pre-encapsulation did not persist in GF/PA/PP/PP-MAH composites due to the improvement of surface adhesion between fibers and polymer matrix, although resin sticking to the fiber was observed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.845-850
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the actual state of injuries experience and safety accident prevention in dental hygienists. This study surveyed the actual state of injuries experience caused by apparatus and materials through a self-administered survey of 366 dental hygienists. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 18.0. Frequency, chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA were applied in this analysis. The results were as follows: Out of the 307 subjects (83.9%) experienced injuries in the last 6 months, and 294 subjects (80.3%) chose the stab as the most frequent type of injuries experience and it was followed by incised wound, scratch and burn. In relation to the differences in injuries experience depending on general characteristics, there were significant differences depending on the age, career, position, dental treatment (p<0.001) and the education (p<0.01). In relation to the differences in the level of safety accident prevention practice depending on general characteristics, there were significant differences depending on the injuries experience, age (p<0.05) and the types of dental clinics (p<0.01). Therefore, We suggest to establish a systematic process for safety accident prevention in dental clinics and emphasize the importance of prevention through continued safety education be needed.