• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.383-393
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• 2006

Little is known concerning the mechanisms responsible for the transplacental transfer of thiamine. So, the aim of this work was to characterize the placental uptake of thiamine from the maternal circulation, by determining the characteristics of $^3H$-thiamine uptake by a human trophoblast cell line (BeWo). Uptake of $^3H$-thiamine (50-100 nM) by BeWo cells was: 1) temperature-dependent and energy-independent; 2) pH-dependent (uptake increased as the extracellular medium pH decreased); 3) $Na^+$-dependent and $Cl^-$-independent; 4) not inhibited by the thiamine structural analogs amprolium, oxythiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate; 5) inhibited by the unrelated organic cations guanidine, N-methylnicotinamide, tetraethylammonium, clonidine and cimetidine; 6) inhibited by the organic cation serotonin, and by two selective inhibitors of the serotonin plasmalemmal transporter (hSERT), fluoxetine and desipramine. We conclude that $^3H$-thiamine uptake by BeWo cells seems to occur through a process distinct from thiamine transporter-1 (hThTr-1) and thiamine transporter-2 (hThTr-2). Rather, it seems to involve hSERT. Moreover, chronic (48 h) exposure of cells to caffeine ($1\;{\mu}M$) stimulated and chronic exposure to xanthohumol and iso-xanthohumol (1 and $0.1\;{\mu}M$, respectively) inhibited $^3H$-thiamine uptake, these effects being not mediated through modulation of the expression levels of either hThTr-1 or hSERT mRNA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

We cultured canine kidney(MDCK) cells stably expressing aquaporin-2(AQP2) on collagen-coated permeable membrane filters and examined the effect of extracellular ATP on arginine vasopressin(AVP)-stimulated fluid transport and cAMP production. Exposure of cell monolayers to basolateral AVP resulted in stimulation of apical to basolateral net fluid transport driven by osmotic gradient which was formed by addition of 500 mM mannitol to basolateral bathing solution. Pre-exposure of the basolateral surface of cell monolayers to ATP(100 ${\mu}M$) for 30 min significantly inhibited the AVP-stimulated net fluid transport. In these cells, AVP-stimulated cAMP production was suppressed as well. Profile of the effects of different nucleotides suggested that the $P2Y_2$ receptor is involved in the action of ATP. ATP inhibited the effect of isoproterenol as well, but not that of forskolin to stimulate cAMP production. The inhibitory effect of ATP on AVP-stimulated fluid movement was attenuated by a protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C or pertussis toxin. These results suggest that prolonged activation of the P2 receptors inhibits AVP-stimulated fluid transport and cAMP responses in AQP2 transfected MDCK cells. Depressed responsiveness of the adenylyl cyclase by PKC-mediated modification of the pertussis-toxin sensitive $G_i$ protein seems to be the underlyihng mechanism.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.114-131
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• 2002

1. PURPOSE : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Chungpyesagantang on LPS induced Arthritis in Mice. 2. METHOD : All the BALB/C Mice used in this study were 4wks of age at the start of the experiment. The experimental model of Arthritis was induced by injectection of $300{\mu}g/kg$ LPS in mice knee joint. The experiment was compare daily CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation with Arthritis elicitated group at day 4, 7, 14 after Arthritis elicitation. 3. RESULTS 1) The hyperplasia of synoviocytes of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation is soften than Arthritis elicitated group. 2) The aggregation of collagen fibers CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation is decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 3) The distribution of TUNEL positive cells(apoptotic cell) of CS treatment group was remarkably increased than Arthritis elicitated group. 4) The distribution of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B\;p50$, COX-2 positive cells of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation in synovial membrane was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 5) The distribution of $IL-2R-{\alpha}$, ICAM-1 positive cells of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation in apical surface of synovial membrane was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 6) The distribution of $NF-{\kappa}B\;p50$, $IL-2R-{\alpha}$ in common iliac lymph node of CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation positive cells was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group. 4. CONCLUSION : As a result of these experimental results, it may be concluded that Chungpyesagantang used for treatment of LPS induced Arthritis in Mice. Inflamation activity in CS treatment group after Arthritis elicitation was decreased than Arthritis elicitated group.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2024

The Ralfsiaceae family, part of the Ralfsiales order and consisting of crustose brown algae, includes five genera: Analipus, Endoplura, Fissipedicella, Heteroralfsia, and Ralfsia. In this study, a novel crustose genus named Ramipedicella gen. nov. is introduced within the Ralfsiaceae based on molecular and morphological analyses. Phylogenetic analyses using both concatenated dataset (rbcL + COI-5P genes) and rbcL indicate that the crustose brown algae that we collected from Korea and Russia form a unique grouping within the Ralfsiaceae. This grouping is strongly supported by both bootstrap analysis and Bayesian posterior probabilities. The genetic differences in the rbcL and COI-5P sequences between Ramipedicella and other genera within Ralfsiaceae range from 6.7 to 9.3% for rbcL and from 15.5 to 20.8% for COI-5P. Ramipedicella is characterized by crustose thalli having new crusts growing on top of old ones with a hypothallial basal layer and erect perithallial filaments, long cells with width-to-length ratio of 1 : 1-16, single chloroplast per cell, plurangia with one to several sterile cells, one to several unangia produced from unicellular stalks or from the lateral-basal region to the paraphyses, and unangia arising sequencially in irregularly branched specialized filaments. Ramipedicella, the recently identified genus, comprises two distinct species. Ramipedicella miniloba, the type species, is distinguished by crusts with small lobes, numerous hair tufts, plurangia terminated by 1-4 sterile cells, and large oblong unangia. Ramipedicella longicellularis is identified by generally smooth crusts, absence of phaeophycean hairs, plurangia terminated by 1-2 apical sterile cells, and smaller mostly oblanceolate unangia.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2003

A new euthyplociid burrowing mayfly (Polymitarcyidae, Ephemeroidea, Ephemeroptera), Polyplocia orientalis n. sp., from Vietnam is described with larval habitus and line drawings of mouthparts. The larva of the species is characterized by the mandibular tusks that bear numerous hairlike and stout setae on their dorsal and lateral surfaces and by the apical process of foretibiae that is nearly one-fourth the length of foretarsi. Its habitat and biological data and taxonomic remarks are provided. The burrowing mayfly subfamily Euthyplociinae is reviewed from a historical perspective.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2004

Morphological and phonological characteristics of brown alga Spatoglossum crassum Tanaka new to Korea were described based on the field and the indoor cultured plants. The taxonomic characteristics of the plants were agreed to those from the type locality-submerged reproductive organs in cortex, anatomical features, and absence of phaeophycean hairs on the surface. But they have rudimentary midrib on lower portion of thallus. We can observe the young plants on November, adult ones in June, and senile ones in August. This species has an annual life-cycle in the field, starting with germ lings in early November. The differentiation of thallus is quite different from other species of genera in tribe Zonarieae, e.g. Zonaria and Homoeostrichus. Three different tissues, meristoderm, cortex and medulla are discerned. The outmost cortical one celled layer as a meristoderm produce cortex by unequal periclinal division. In the apical cell division, the primary inner cells are developed into 3-4 cell layered medulla of thallus. The distribution of this species extends from Korea to Shizuoka Peninsula (34°40'N) Japan, which is the type locality of this species.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.385-386
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• 2006

In 2005, harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides was first occurred on July 18 and disappeared on September 12 in the Yeosu waters of the South Sea of Korea. During C. polykrikoides blooms, the species of Protoperidinium was isolated from Jabong Island in Yeosu in the middle of August, 2005. The surface water temperature at the sampling site was $25^{\circ}C$, and salinity was 33.1 psu. The specimen was somewhat large in size and was longer than its width. The shape was close to being ovoid, with an apical horn. This study discovered cells with colorless and transparent ingested chain-forming C. polykrikoides. However, this species was not abundant, implying low grazing impact on C. polykkoides.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.451-454
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• 1998

Gulgastrura reticulosa, first described by Yosii (1966) as a monotypic new genus from a Korean limestone cave, was reviewed for its systematic position by c1adistic analysis of morphological characteristics, investigation of its intermaulting period and reproductive cycle as well as allozyme and 18S rDNA analysis. The great extent of divergence was strongly suggested by its combined lack of sensory organs (third antennal organ, postantennal organ, eyes, pseudocelli) with simultaneous development of an 'apical organ'at the tip of the antennae. The obvious divergence from any existing Collembola families was additionally supported by the extremely prolonged intermoulting period as well as by the low strap value it showed with Onychiuridae as obtained by 18S DNA sequence analysis. All these were considered Justifying the creation of a new family, Gulgastruridae, but still revealing more allied to Onychiuvidae rather than to Hypogastruridae.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1997

Most lipids in milk are dispetsed as the form of fat globules. Apical portion of plasma membrane is coated with fat globules, which are synthesized from mammary epithelial cells and then secreted into the lumen. The unique phenomenon in separation of the plasma membrane from the cell is observed only in mammary system. It has been suggested that milk fat globule membrane(MFGM) is formed from endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, secretory granule to plasma membrane. For this reason MFGM is important for nuderstanding the structure and function of biological membrane. Because MFGM also plays an important role in inhibition of lipase action, stimulation of nutrient digestion and absorption, emulsion or function as natural liposome, study of the major components in MFGM will provide the opportunity for more broad industrial uses of MFGM in the future.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

Light and electron microscopical characteristics of Perkinsus sp. parasitizing in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in Korea were investigated. Trophozoite within the tissue was spherical or ovoid and ranged $2.5-10.5\mu m$ $(mean = 6.2\mu m)$ in diameter. Trophozoite had a nucleus with a prominent nucleolus and a large cytoplasmic vacuole within the cytoplasm. Single trophozoite was phagocytozed by host hemocyte and cluster cells were encapusulated by hemocytes aggregation within the host tissues. Hypnospores incubated in thioglycollate medium (FTM) for 1 to 15 days were also spherical or ovoid and ranged $10-132\mu m$ $(mean\pm S.D.\;:\;44.25\pm 7.91\mu m)$ in diameter. Zoospores were spherical or ovoid, had a nucleus and two flagella. Zoospores contained apical complex, which consisted of conoid, subpellicular microtubules, rhoptries and rectilinear micronemes.