• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects (through working mothers' overprotective parenting behavior) of working mothers' separation anxiety and job satisfaction on preschoolers' separation anxiety. Methods: A total of 251 working mothers with preschool-aged children participated in this study. Mothers completed a questionnaire concerning their separation anxiety, job satisfaction, overprotective parenting behavior, and preschoolers' separation anxiety. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVAs, partial correlations and path analysis. Results: In terms of direct effects, working mothers' separation anxiety had a direct effect on preschoolers' separation anxiety. However, job satisfaction did not have a direct effect on preschoolers' separation anxiety. With respect to indirect effects, working mothers' separation anxiety indirectly influenced preschoolers' separation anxiety through their overprotective parenting behavior. However, mothers' job satisfaction did not have an indirect effect on preschoolers' separation anxiety. Conclusion/Implications: Findings from this study emphasize the importance of reducing mothers' separation anxiety in order to prevent preschoolers' separation anxiety.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and positive psychological factors. Methods : A total of 429 outpatients diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety disorders surveyed with questionnaires measuring socio-demographic, clinical, and positive psychological factors. The relationships of trait anxiety with clinical symptoms and positive psychological factors were evaluated. Results : Patients with low trait anxiety showed high optimism, gratitude, hope, spirituality and purpose in life. After adjusting age, scores of BDI and STAI-S, the results showed low trait anxiety was associated with high spirituality and purpose in life. Conclusion : The result revealed that trait anxiety had negative-relationship with spirituality and purpose in life in patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Although trait anxiety was known as a general tendency which is stable, approach to trait anxiety by modulating these associated positive psychological factors would be newer approach of treatment to patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 2002

This study was performed to figure out the level of anxiety and relating factors of ICU patients as the hospitalization in ICU grows more recently. Data collection was conducted from July 1st to August 31st, 2001. The subjects of this study were consisted of 101 ICU patients who were selected according to the criteria in S hospital, C city. The instruments of the research were consisted of 14 questions of general characteristics, 20 items of STAI, VAS, 24 questions for the anxiety relating factors. And data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and pearson correlation for group difference and correlation with SPSS Win 10.0 program. The followings were the results of the study: 1. In the anxiety level, mean score on STAI was 53.7(item mean $2.69{\pm}.83$), and mean score on VAS was 5.23. It means that the anxiety level of ICU patients was moderate. 2. Among the relating factors of anxiety, the most highest scores were 'by seeing other patient's emergency situation' and 'by seeing other patient's death' figured 3.85 and 3.79 each. And the lowest marks were 'by the unkind behavior of doctors and nurses'(2.13) and 'nurses' or doctors' indifferent actions'(2.21). And the anxiety according to the environmental factor was the highest (3.17) and the anxiety regarding to the human relationship was the lowest (2.53). 3. In the anxiety level STAI according to the general characteristics, the patients who didn't have to take care of their family showed more anxiety than who had to take care of their family(t=-2.38, p=.02). And the variables that shows a significant difference on VAS was sex and women's anxiety was higher than men's level (t=-2.56, p=.01). 4. When the physical anxiety level was compared, the patients who had to take care of their family showed more anxiety than the people who didn't have to take care of their family(t=-1.95, p=.05). In the level of anxiety relating the human relationship, the patients who had religion showed more anxiety than patients who didn't(t=2.43 p=.02). And the married patients(t=2.43, p=.01) and more educated people(F=3.77, p=.01) showed more anxiety. Even though environmental anxiety was the highest factor, it was not significant with general characteristics. 5. The anxiety and relating factors showed positive significant relationship, and physical anxiety factor showed the strongest relation with STAI(r=.21, p<.01). And VAS level showed stronger relation with every factor of the anxiety than STAI. When the VAS level became higher, the anxiety relating to physical factor(r=.72, p<.01), human relationship(r=.63, P<.01), and environment became higher. According to the above result, the environmental anxiety was the highest level than other factors in ICU patient and thus the environmental nursing intervention becomes very important in ICU. Also nurses in ICU have to support the patients who showed higher level of anxiety in this study and try to develop the nursing intervention to relieve the anxiety of patients. And it is recommended that VAS is convenient and practical instrument for measuring the anxiety level in ICU patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.648-659
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to study what effect providing the patient with preparatory concrete information had on the state anxiety depending on coping styles of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. State Anxiety scores for 32 patients who had cardiac catheterization were examined after information was provided about the test using an audio tape. The state anxiety of patients who had a high trait anxiety level was compared to that of those who had a low trait anxiety level. The state anxiety of those who had a monitor type were compared to those of patients who had blunter type. The Trait and State Anxiety Scale of Spielberger, Miller's Behavioral Style Scale, and Krantz's Health Opinion Survey and Visual Analog Scale (Ⅰ, Ⅱ) were used. Findings were as follows : 1. Among the demographic characteristics, gender difference of the patients was significantly different for the trait anxiety level. Female patients had higher trait anxiety level than male patients. 2. Analysis of state anxiety scores indicated that the mean score of the state anxiety prior to the test was higher than the mean score of the state anxiety examined after the test. The difference was statistically significant. 3. Among the patients, 14 patients (43. 7%) used monitor type, while 18 patients (56. 3%) used blunter type. The means of preference for information measured on the Krantz' subscale was 2. 45. 4. The study results indicate that the state anxiety level of those who had a low trait anxiety level was lower than that of those who had a high trait anxiety level. 5. State anxiety levels depending upon the kind of coping style which patients used during the test were not significantly different. This study did not identify the influence of preparatory concrete information on the state anxiety depending on coping styles, and there fore a quasi-experimental study using a large sample according to different types of information, and the amount of information, coping styles is recommended.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical practice-related anxiety and coping strategies in music therapists. 81 music therapists who are members of the National Korean Music Therapist Association, completed the self-report questionnaires. Results in this study showed that the highest rating scores were found with relationship anxiety, followed by musical performance anxiety and performance anxiety. As causing factors for each anxiety type, uncooperative behaviors and attitudes of clients were reported to highly affect interpersonal anxiety; improvising music during music therapy sessions for musical performance anxiety, and observations of music therapy sessions by staff and related professionals for performance anxiety. Regarding coping strategies used by the respondents, cognitively questioning anxiety issues was most frequently used to deal with performance anxiety; actively involving in behavior modification of clients for relationship anxiety, and practicing music skills for musical performance anxiety. The results provided descriptive information of anxiety and coping strategies that music therapists experienced. Also, this study indicates how music therapists would deal with anxiety-inducing situations and develop their coping strategies for better clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2011

Subsyndromal anxiety disorder indicates mental states of having anxiety symptoms not fulfilling criteria for anxiety disorders. Despite of the lack of previous objective findings of the subsyndromal anxiety disorder, its clinical importance has increased. It can cause many kinds of clinical anxiety symptoms and functional disabilities. But the early intervention and early treatment make it possible not only to attenuate the anxiety symptoms and functional disabilities but also to prevent disease progression to a full syndromal anxiety disorder. In this article, we will review the previous studies about the subsyndromal anxiety disorder and discuss its clinical characteristics and importance.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 1995

There appears to be an increased incidence of anxiety symptoms in association with certain medical illness. It is usually assumed that certain medical disorders are directly associated with anxiety symptoms in that the pathophysilolgy of the medical illness somehow causes the anxiety symptoms. However, the pathophysilolgies of many such medical illnesses as well as anxiety are not known and no discrete group of medical illnesses is clearly more likely to produce anxiety symptoms than any other Moreover, anxiety symptoms may be the representation of other psychiatric symptoms, like depression and delirium. Though it is important to differentiate primary and other causes(secondary) of anxiety clinically, the clear differentiation is somewhat arbitrary, as the confusion of mind-body dichotomy. for the purpose of accurate treatment of anxiety symptoms relating medical illness, this review article focuses on those clinical features and mechanisms of anxiety that are potentially useful in differential diagnosis.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2006

Objectives : We performed this '2006 Korean Anxiety Research' to understand the actual state about Korean anxiety and get the basic data for mental health promotion. Methods : Semistructured questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory -Korean version (BAI) were administered to total 1,000 adults (20-69 years old 501 male & 499 female adults living in Seoul and 5 metropolitan cities in Korea) on March 20th~31st, 2006. Results : Anxious subjects by the total score of BAI was 3.3%. But the responders the item 'I am in the anxious state' was 25% among total subjects. 6% (n=59) among total subjects were the responders experienced the anxiety requiring usually the counselling or treatment. The frequency of their anxiety was most commonly 1 to 2 times/month. The main causes of their anxiety were 'their health problems or illness', 'economic difficulty', 'interpersonal conflicts'. But 'help by health professional' among their usual anxiety reduction methods' was only 15% among them. Only 19% among them were under the treatment of anxiety. Only 27% among 48 subjects not under the treatment of anxiety had a desire for the anxiety treatment in the near future. Conclusion : Some people in the anxious state impairing their daily lives were not yet under the treatment. And most of them had no desire for the anxiety treatment. Therefore we will systematically plan the further health education on the anxiety-related problems for the Korean mental health promotion and the quality of life.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 1995

Objectives : This study was carried out to determine whether the state anxiety may affect sleep on the night before surgery. Methods : The researcher examined the clinical charts of patients who were scheduled to receive surgery by general anesthesia the following day and then had semistructural interview with patients. In addition Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory(1972), presleep questionnaire and postsleep questionnaire were administered to the patients. One hundred patients who responded to the questions were divided into three groups based on the state anxiety scores; low(n=35), middle(n=27) and high(n=38). Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, some possible factors affecting sleep, daytime status and nighttime sleep before surgery were compared among three groups. Results : 1) There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and some possible factors affecting sleep on the night before surgery among three groups. 2) In terms of clinical characteristics, the expectancy of surgical result was significantly different among three groups. More patients in low anxiety group than in middle and high anxiety groups, predicted surgical results as good, while more patients in middle and high anxiety groups than in low anxiety group could not predict their surgical results. 3) For daytime status, high anxiety group felt more tired compared to low anxiety group, but there was no significant difference in daytime nap among three groups. 4) For nighttime sleep before surgery, high anxiety group expected poor sleep and in fact, waked more frequently during sleep than low anxiety group. However there was no difference in bed time, sleep latency, rise time, total sleep time, sleep depth and sleep quality among three groups. 5) The need for hypnotics was higher before bedtime and also after rise in high anxiety group compared to low anxiety group. Conclusions : These results indicate that the individuals with high state anxiety before surgery have poor sleep and furthermore suggest that anxiolytics and/or hypnotics may be required to decrease anxiety and improve sleep for those with high state anxiety.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.22 no.3 s.57
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• pp.71-84
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• 2005

The study investigated the concept and symptoms of library anxiety, the relationship among the library anxiety, the research anxiety, and the information literacy, and the decrease of library anxiety through the review on literatures on the library anxiety of which the concept was first presented in 1986. The studies on the library anxiety till now had been focusing on the under graduate students and graduate students in America, so the study suggests the necessity of the study on the library anxiety and the development of library anxiety scale for the students' efficient use of the library in Korea.