• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.766-772
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• 2015

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of essential oil (EO) from Artemisia Princeps Pampanini on quality of tomato during storage. EO was extracted by steam distillation and diluted by 1 and 2%. Total phenolic contents and antioxidative activities of EO were analyzed. Tomato was packaged corrugated box covered with polypropylene (PP) film containing EO (1 and 2%) and then stored at room temperature for 10 days. During storage, appearance, weight loss rate, soluble solid contents, pH and a (redness) value were measured for tomato. Total phenolic contents of EO increased in a dose-dependence. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities also showed a concentration-dependent increase. The weight loss rate was lowest using the film packaged in 1% EO. During the storage period, soluble solid contents and pH increased in all treatments. The a value increased regardless of EO concentration in films. Especially, tomato packaged with EO film showed a lower a value than non EO-packaged ones. This result suggests that application of EO to film is effective for tomato quality preservation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.504-510
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of soaking and ultrasonic extraction by observing the change of contents with extraction time of physicochemical properties (solid content, colorness, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, total polyphenols, DPPH, and ABTS). As a result of the analysis, solid content increased with longer extraction time and the whiteness tended to decrease with longer extraction time. Conversely, the extraction of functional materials showed a tendency to increase as the extraction time increased. Caffeine reached the maximum value after two hours soaking, but showed the same result as one hour for sonication. Chlorogenic acid did not show difference from the content of coffee extracted for one hour soaking only by sonication extraction for 30 minutes. The total polyphenols eluted with approximately two hours of soaking even after 30 minutes of sonication. DPPH and ABTS were insignificant in their concentrations, but their antioxidative effect was more than two hours of soaking with only 30 minutes of sonication. Sonication has a short time extraction from a functional aspect (caffeine content, chlorogenic acid, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity) and this experiment can provide basic data for the development of innovative recipes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.829-832
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidative and physiological activities of ethanol extracts concentration from Monascus-Fermented Chinese Yam (MFCY). The ethanol extracts from MFCY were measured to examine pigments, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and monacolin K contents. As a results show that Monascus sp. MK805, with Dioscorea japonica as the substrate can produce pigments (yellow, orange and red), DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and monacolin K content at 29.6 (yellow), 15.1 (orange), 20.4 (red), 72.8%, 1.74(OD at 700nm), 480.6 mg/kg in EtOH extract, respectively. Therefore, fermented chinese yam (Dioscorea japonica) was estimated to be effective biological activity material.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1619-1631
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• 2023

The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the effects of dietary fiber (DF) on reproductive performance in gestating sows. Dietary fibers have been suggested to modulate microbiota in the intestine and the immune system of gestating sows and to improve gut health. Thus, DF may help alleviate the adverse effects of the stressful production cycle of gestating sows. These benefits may subsequently result in improved reproductive performance of sows. Previous studies have reported changes in microbiota by providing gestating sows with DF, and the responses of microbiota varied depending on the source of DF. The responses by providing DF to gestating sows were inconsistent for antioxidative capacity, hormonal response, and inflammatory response among the studies. The effects of DF on reproductive performance were also inconsistent among the previous studies. Potential reasons contributing to these inconsistent results would include variability in reproductive performance data, insufficient replication, influence of other nutrients contained in the DF diets, characteristics of DF, and experimental periods. The present meta-analysis suggests that increasing the total DF concentration by 10 percentage units (e.g., 12% to 22% as-fed basis) in gestating sow diets compared to the control group improves the litter born alive by 0.49 pigs per litter. However, based on the present review, questions remain regarding the benefits of fibers in gestating sow diets. Further research is warranted to clarify the mode of action of fibers and the association with subsequent reproductive performance in gestating sows.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Flos Sophora japonica as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Flos Sophora japonica a were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 67.76%, 19.87%, 4.61% and 7.76%. And the calories of Flos Sophora japonica Linne was 318.32 Kcal. Total dietary fiber was 25.35% of total carbohydrates. The percentages of water soluble dietary fiber to insoluble dietary fiber were 1.80 % and 23.56 %, respectively. The protein were contained total 18 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of non-essential and essential amino acids were 4,898.78mg and 5,953.51mg. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P and Mg, which means Flos Sophora japonica Linne is alkali material. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 29.69%, 34.93% and 35.38%. Therefore, the amount of the total unsaturated fatty acid was higher than that of any other plant. The content of vitamin C in Flos Sophora japonica Linne was higher than that of any other plant, which suggest that it could increase blood elasticity. The content of rutin, which is responsible for capillary vessel permeability, was 22.60%. The contents of water soluble antioxidative materials in 1 mL of water-extracted Flos Sophora japonica Linne were 3.9 ${\mu}$g which is comparable to 1233.0 mmol of vitamin C in antioxidant effect. The general nutrients and other antioxidatant bioactive materials in Flos Sophora japonica Linne were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that follow up study of Flos Sophora japonica Linne through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of medicinal foods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2007

We investigated physiological damages and biochemical alleviation of five species of genus Acer under ozone fumigation in order to assess their tolerant ability against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb $O_3$ fumigation, photosynthetic characteristics were measured, and chlorophyll contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed in the leaves of five maple trees (Acer buergerianum, A. ginnala, A. mono, A. palmatum, and A. palmatum var. sanguineum). The reduction of chlorophyll (chl) a in ozone-exposed plants was 16.8% (A. buergerianum) to 26.7% (A. ginnala) of control plants. For the content of chi b, A. ginnala and A. palmatum var. sanguineum represented the high reduction of 26.3% and 23.6%, respectively. The highest reduction on the chi a:b ratio was observed in the leaves of A. palmatum. The reduction of net photosynthesis in five species varied from 2.4% to 37.6%. Among five species, A. ginnala showed remarkable reduction (37.6%) for net photosynthesis in comparison with control. Carboxylation efficiency differed significantly (P < 0.05) among species and between control and ozone treatment. The reduction of carboxylation efficiency was the highest in the leaves of A. ginnala (44.7%). A. palmatum var. sanguineum showed the highest increase (41.7%) for MDA content. The highest increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity represented in A. palmatum (26.1%) and the increase of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity ranged from 16.5% (A. ginnala) to 49.1% (A. palmatum var. sanguineum). A. mono showed the highest increase (376.6%) of glutathione reductase (GR) activity under ozone fumigation and A. buergerianum also represented high increase (42.3%) of GR activity. Catalse (CAT) activity increased in the leaves of A. ginnala, A. palmatun and A. palmatum var. sanguineum under ozone exposure, whereas A. buergerianum and A. mono decreased in comparison with control plants. In conclusion, physiological markers such as chlorophyll content and photosynthesis that responded sensitively to $O_3$ in maple trees were considered as the very important indicators in order to evaluate the tolerance against $O_3$ stress, and parameters were closely related with each other. Among anti oxidative enzymes, SOD and APX might be contributed to alleviate to $O_3$ toxicity through the increase of activity in all maple trees. Therefore, these compounds can be used as a biochemical maker to assess the stress tolerance to $O_3$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

Aster yomena is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Seasoned wild vegetables are commonly used as functional ingredients because of their bioactive effects against oxidation, cancer, and inflammation. A recent report showed that ethanol extracts from Aster yomena effectively inhibited gene expression related to lipid accumulation within interstitial cells to prevent obesity, further raising awareness of its usefulness as a highly functional ingredient. Several studies have investigated Aster yomena, but none have investigated the effects of processing on its use. Therefore, this study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of breads in which refined salt was replaced with Aster yomena powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0%. Bread containing any amount of Aster yomena powder did not differ significantly from the control in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. In addition, higher levels of added Aster yomena powder were associated with greater 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity indicating the potential for production of highly functional bread and noodle products using this material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.687-694
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• 2012

$Jeot-gal$ is a traditional Korean fermented seafood with a salt concentration of 15~20%. However, today's consumers prefer low-salted foods as they have become aware that high levels of salt cause hypertension and diabetes. In this study, the quality characteristics and shelf-life of low-salted squid $Jeot-gal$ were investigated at different fermentation temperatures and salt concentrations. The shelf-lives of 3%-salted squid $Jeot-gal$ fermented at -1, 4, and $10^{\circ}C$ were 45, 31, and 23 days, respectively, whereas those of 5%-salted squid $Jeot-gal$ were 52, 36, and 25 days. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extract of squid $Jeot-gal$ was stronger than that of the water extract. However, the other antioxidative activities, such as hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activities, as well as enzyme inhibitory activities were very low at 20 mg/mL of water and ethanol extracts. Based on the results of the sensory evaluation, the quality of low-salted fermented squid $Jeot-gal$ was almost similar to that of commercial squid $Jeot-gal$ with a high salt concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.562-567
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• 2008

The primary objective of this study was to select a probiotic starter for cheonggukjang using 60 strains isolated from rice straw. Among isolated strains, only 8 strains including strain B-59 evidenced proteolytic, amylolytic and soybean activity. These 8 strains were all gram-positive, spore-forming rods. The B-59 strain evidenced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antimicrobial activity of isolated B-59 was verified by its ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, P. fluorescens, and V. parahaemolyticus. The selected B-59 strain was indentified as Bacillus licheniformis, as shown by a result of 99.0% homology upon API kit analysis. The selected B-59 strain also displayed viability in pH 2.5 artificial gastric juice, artificial bile acid, NaCl (2, 4, 8, 16, 32%), and ethanol (4, 8, 16, 32%). The antioxidative activity of the strain B-59 culture was assessed via a DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. The activity increased with an increasing in the fermentation time of strain B-59 for 20 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.805-809
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to compare the aroma characteristics and antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne (CIL), C. morifolium Ramat (CMR) and C. zawadskii var Latilobum (CZL). The volatile compounds were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction and identified with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The major volatile compounds of Chrysanthemum sp. were camphene, 1,8-cineole, benzene, pinocarvone, bicyclo-2,2,1-heptan-2-ol, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexen-1-ol, ${\gamma}$-curcumene, zingiberene and ${\beta}$-bisabolene. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) of volatile compounds in CIL, CMR and CZL were 30.57, 46.36, and 51.72%/g sample, respectively. The ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) of volatile compounds were 34.99, 35.31, and 38.48 mg AEAC/g, respectively.