• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary grape skin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rats fed high fat diet. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either control (5% fat) diet or high fat (25% fat) diet which was based on AIN-93 diet for 2 weeks, and then they were grouped as control group (C), control + 5% grape skin group (CS), high-fat group (HF), high fat + 5% grape skin group (HFS) with 10 rats each and fed corresponding diets for 4 weeks. The hepatic thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) were increased in high fat group as compared with control group, but reduced by grape skin. The serum total antioxidant status, and activities of hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and glucose-6-phosphatase were increased by supplementation of grape skin. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in CS group than in C group. Grape skin feeding tended to increase the concentration of total glutathione, especially in control group. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione was lower in high fat groups than in control groups. The ratio was increased by dietary supplementation of grape skin in control group. These results suggest that dietary supplementation of grape skin would be effective on protection of oxidative damage by lipid peroxidation through improvement of antioxidant defense system in rats fed high fat diet as well as rats with low fat diet.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2007

The present study was designed to determine the antitumor and antioxidant properties of methanol extract from the root of Galega purpurea (Papilionaceae) (MEGP) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. Acute and short-term toxicity studies were performed initially in order to ascertain the safety of MEGP. The effect of MEGP on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts and simultaneous alterations in the hematological profile and liver biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes) were estimated. The MEGP showed decrease in tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and increases the nonviable cell count and mean survival time thereby increasing life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profile reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. Treatment with MEGP decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The results suggested that the methanol extract of Galega purpurea root exhibited antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense system in EAC bearing mice.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to evalute the effect of multivitamin-mineral supplementation during pregnancy on plasma levels of antioxidants, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation. A controlled, semi-randomized, prospective trial was performed by comparing the supplement group, which received multivitamin-mineral tables once daily for 10 weeks, with the control group. Plasma levels of $\beta$-carotene, tocopherol, coenzyme Q10, ascorbate, folate, zinc, and selenium and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of superocxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in erythrocytes were measured initially (20 wk gestation) and at the end of the intervention (34 wk gestation). In the control group, plasma ascorbate and selenium levels decreased and tocopherol levels increased. In the supplement group, a significant increase in plasma $\beta$-carotene(46%), conenzyme Q10 (42%), and zinc (24%) was observed after 10 weeks of supplementation. No changes were observed in the plasma levels of MDA, and erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, while SOD activity increased in both control group and the supplement group during the intervention. These data suggest that multivitamin-mineral supplementation during pregnancy produced moderate increases in plasma $\beta$-carotens, coenzyme Q10, and zinc concentrations but the enhancement of those plasma antioxidants had on direct on the plasma level of MDA, erythrocytes SOD or GSH-Px activities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2019

Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress in cells. On the other hand, modulation of the cellular antioxidant defense system by changes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is largely unknown. To determine the relationship between the cellular mtDNA content and defense system against oxidative stress, this study examined a set of myoblasts containing a depleted or reverted mtDNA content. A change in the cellular mtDNA content modulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes in myoblasts. In particular, the expression and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were inversely correlated with the mtDNA content in myoblasts. The depletion of mtDNA decreased both the reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) slightly, whereas the cellular redox status, as assessed by the GSH/GSSG ratio, was similar to that of the control. Interestingly, the steady-state level of the intracellular ROS, which depends on the reciprocal actions between ROS generation and detoxification, was reduced significantly and the lethality induced by $H_2O_2$ was alleviated by mtDNA depletion in myoblasts. Therefore, these results suggest that the ROS homeostasis and antioxidant enzymes are modulated by the cellular mtDNA content and that the increased expression and activity of GPx and catalase through the depletion of mtDNA are closely associated with an alleviation of the oxidative stress in myoblasts.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between adolescent smoking and antioxidant vitamins. Subjects were 87 non-smokers and 90 smokers. who were female high school students. Smokers were divided into tow groups by smoking status, 35 light smokers (packyear<1) and 53 heavy smokers(packyear$\geq$1). Dietary intakes were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes of vitamin C and A were analyzed by smoking status using Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professional (CAN-PRO). Serum vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and serum levels of vitamin A and E were measured by HPLC. Erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. The mean vitamin C intakes of non-smokers, light smokers and heavy smokers were 58.2mg/day, 50.1 mg/day 58.1mg/day, respectively. The mean vitamin A intakes of non-smokers, light and heavy smokers were 28.1$\mu\textrm{g}$R.E./day, 278.7$\mu\textrm{g}$R.E./day and 289.6$\mu\textrm{g}$R.E./day, respectively. There was no significant difference in dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins by smoking status. However, the serum vitamin C level, 11.40mg/l in heavy smokers was 12% lower than that of than that of 12.70mg/l in non-smokers. The serum vitamin A level was not significantly different among the groups. Vitamin E level, 8.79mg/l in heavy smokers was 8% lower than that of 9.53mg/l in non-smokers. There was no significant correlation between the dietary intakes and serum levels of vitamin A and C. The erythrocyte TBARS level, 1.90nmol/ml in light smokers was significantly lower (p<0.05) than 2.71 nmol/ml in heavy smokers or non-smokers. The correlation data showed that the cerythrocyte TBARS level had a significant positive correlation with packyear. Overall results might suggest that cigarette smokers with a longer smoking history need more dietary intakes of vitamin C and E than do non-smokers to reach the same serum level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.708-718
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• 2007

본 연구는 비타민 E의 보충섭취가 폐경기 여성의 항산화 영양상태 및 임파구 DNA 손상을 개선할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 수행되었으며, 이중맹검법으로 실시되었고 플라시보를 위약군으로 하였다. 폐경기 여성 35명을 대상으로 6주 동안 비타민 E 보충섭취군에게는 비타민 E 캡슐($\alpha$-tocopherol 성분 400 IU/capsule)을, 위약군에게는 대두유로 만든 위약 캡슐(400 mg/capsule)을 하루 2회 섭취하도록 하였으며, 이 때 두 군의 분류는 무작위로 하였다. 항산화 영양상태를 알아보기 위해 혈장 vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\gamma$-tocopherol, $\alpha$-carotenoid, $\beta$-carotenoid, lycopene 농도를 측정하였고, 임파구 DNA 손상정도를 알아보기 위해서는 Comet assay를 이용하여 tail length, %DNA in tail, tail moment를 측정하였다. 비타민 E 보충섭취군에서는 혈장 vitamin C(p<0.05)와 $\alpha$-tocopherol(p<0.000)농도가 유의적으로 증가하였고, $\gamma$-tocopherol(p<0.000) 농도와 tail length(p<0.05)는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 반면, 위약군에서는 혈장 vitamin C(p<0.05)의 농도만이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 비타민 E의 보충섭취가 혈장 항산화 상태 및 DNA 손상에 대해 부분적인 개선 효과가 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2011

이 연구는 개에서 isoflurane을 이용한 전신마취 하에 개복술시 아스코르빈산 (AA)의 항산화 효과를 평가하였다. 12마리의 개를 아스코르빈산 그룹 (AAG) 또는 sham 그룹 (SG)으로 무작위 배정하였다. AAG는 마취 10분 전 에 표준 아스코르빈산의 100 mg/animal 복용량을 정맥주사하였다. 혈장에 있는 코티졸, 포도당, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS)와 oxidative stress index (OSI)를 측정하였다. 코티졸 수치는 두 그룹에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의성있게 증가하였다 (p < 0.05). 포도당 수치의 변화는 두 그룹 사이에 유의성이 없었다. TOS와 OSI는 SG에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의성 있게 증가하였다 (p < 0.05). 그런데 AAG에서는 유의성있는 변화가 없었다. 그리고, AAG의 TOS와 OSI는 SG에서 보다 더 유의성 있게 낮았다 (p < 0.05). 그러나 TAS는 두 그룹 사이에 유 의성이 있는 변화가 없었다. 이런 결과는 AAG에서 TOS 감소가 항산화제에서 산화제로의 변환과 관련 있음을 예측 해 볼 수 있게 한다. OSI 감소는 손상부위에 발생한 활성산소 (ROS, 즉 산화 스트레스)의 감소가 혈액순환 이상, 기관 부전 및 염증의 수술 부작용을 줄일 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 그러므로, AA는 개의 개복술에서 산화 스트레스로부터 수술환자를 보호하기 위하여 사용될 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1614-1618
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• 2003

Twenty crossbred (HF${\times}$Tharparkar) dry pregnant cows were divided into four equal groups. They were supplemented with 1,000 I.U. $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate from 0 (group I), 15 (group II), 30 (group III) and 60 (group IV) days before parturition to 1month of lactation. All the cows were kept under similar feeding and management conditions. Blood plasma samples collected on specific days were analyzed for $\alpha$-tocopherol, retinol, total antioxidant activity (FRAP), immunoglobulin and calcium. Plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration at 30 days prepartum averaged 3.5, 4.1, 4.4 and $3.9{\mu}g/ml$ and decreased by 50.0, 41.4, 34.1 and 33.3 percent on the day of parturition in the four respective groups. After calving, plasma vitamin E started to recover earlier in groups II, III and IV as compared to group I. Mean plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration at 21 days postpartum was significantly higher in groups II, III and IV (2.9, 3.5 and $3.1{\mu}g/ml$) compared to group I ($1.9{\mu}g/ml$) cows. Plasma retinol concentration also showed a substantial decrease in all the groups on the day of calving but recovered to its normal value at 3 weeks postpartum. Plasma total antioxidant activity averaged 901, 895, 859 and $875{\mu}mol/l$ in the four respective groups on 30 days prepartum and decreased on the day of calving in all the groups, but the decrease was less in groups III and IV. Plasma immunoglobulin concentration was higher in group IV, followed by groups III, II and I, respectively, showing better immune status of vitamin E supplemented cows due to less oxidative stress. Supplementation of vitamin E resulted in higher plasma calcium concentration. The data showed that vitamin E supplementation should be started at least 30 days prepartum to reduce oxidative stress in periparturient cows.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2005

This study was done to investigate effects of antioxidant supplementation on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) -stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in elderly women. This study was designed as a placebo-controlled, single-blinded, randomized intervention trial. Twenty four elderly women aged over 60 years, visitings social welfare center in Seoul were divided into 3 groups, placebo (n = 8), vitamin C supplemented (n = 8) , and vitamin E supplemented (n = 8) groups. Experimental groups were given either 1000mg of L-ascorbic acid or 400 ill of d- $\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in antioxidant vitamins intakes and their plasma levels among pre-intervention groups. Plasma vitamin C or E levels was significantly increased after vitamin C or E sup-plementations. The increases of plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels in the placebo group were significantly higher than those of the supplemented 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the changes of plasma IL-2 level between pre- and post-intervention among the 3 groups. However there was a significant increase in PHA­stimulated IL-2 production by PBMCs after 4-week vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation. Particularly, vitamin E supplemented group showed a higher PHA-stimulated IL-2 production than vitamin C supplemented group. These results indicate that vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation might enhance mitogen-stimulated cytokine production by immune cells, which could be one of the factors to improve health status in the elderly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2020

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effects of supplementing sesame seed meal (SSM) with phytase and lysine on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and antioxidant status of laying hens. Methods: A total of 960, 56-wk-old laying hens were divided into 12 dietary groups with eight replicates per group (10 birds per replicate). A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2×3×2 consisted of two levels of lysine supplement (0% and 10% over requirement), three SSM levels (0%, 10%, and 20%) with or without phytase (0 and 300 g/ton). The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks. Results: Birds fed diets with 10% SSM had higher feed intake than groups fed 0% and 20% SSM. The addition of phytase to experimental feeds, improved feed conversion ratio, increased egg weight and mass (p<0.01). Egg quality criteria was not affected by supplementing phytase; however, supplementing 300 g/ton phytase to hens diet, led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in egg shell strength. Egg yolk cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index and total cholesterol were decreased (p<0.01) by diet containing 20% SSM. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased (p<0.05) in serum of hens fed 20% SSM than the other groups. It was also observed that total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase content of hens fed 20% SSM was significantly higher than control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: As from results, dietary supplementation of SSM and phytase had no negative effects on laying hens performance or egg quality while improving the egg oxidative stability.