• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

Gynura procumbens (Family Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical Asia countries such as China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Traditionally, it is widely used in many different countries for the treatment of a wide variety of health ailments such as kidney discomfort, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hypertension. The objective of this study was to select the natural growth media for hydroponic cultivation of Gynura procumbens. The commercially available thirty four different organic nutrient solutions were analyzed for growing Gynura procumbens. After analysis, two organic nutrient solution were selected, mixed (pH 5.5~6.5 / EC 0.5~1.0 ds/m) and then used as organic fertilizers. Thirty day old seedlings were planted and the environmental conditions of the rhizosphere were also examined to select the natural media composition. The minimum temperature of rhizosphere by type of natural media was highest in cocopeat media and lowest in perlite media. Furthermore, plant growth was examined from 50 days old seedlings, and vermiculite was observed to be most effective and perlite was the least effective component as natural media. The total polyphenol content of the studied plant material was also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. The Gynura procumbens yields were also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. Thus, vermiculite can be used to improve Gynura procumbens plant growth as a natural growth media.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.277-277
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• 2017

The research was carried out to investigate a total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, amino acid and resveratrol content of peanut sprouts (cotyledon, epicotyl, leaf, hypocotyl, root), in different light (white, blue, red, F-red, UV-A, UV-B, UV-C) conditions for 24 hours. Peanut seeds were sown on a $27.5{\times}15.9{\times}13cm$ tray and grown at the $25^{\circ}C$ under the dark condition for 14 days. Total polyphenolic contents of epicotyl and leaf were about 288mg GAE/100g in blue light. The DPPH radical scavenging of cotyledon and hypocotyl were 1.3~1.5 times (63%) and 2 times (40%) compared to control (43%, 19%), respectively. As to ABTS activity, its activity was increased by all LEDs treatment, Especially, the highest ABTS activity of the hypocotyl and leaf was shown as 99.1% in blue light. The essential amino acid content of hypocotyl and leaf was increased 1.9 times in the UV-B, 1.6 times in red, and 1.5 times in F-red, respectively. The non-essential amino acid content was increased by all LEDs treatment in hypocotyl and leaf. The content of resveratrol was increased by 1.3 times in UV-B compared to that of other tissues. Assessing inclusively, this study showed that there was a significantly positive effect between increase of physiological substance activity and LED light treatment, resulting in stably producing peanut sprouts. Therefore, a material treated with LEDs is thought to be useful as a functional food resources.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.515-523
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• 2001

Background: More than 70% of morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus is due to macrovascular complications. These complications may be associated with defect of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. There have been suggestions that this defect might be due to direct toxicities of oxygen-free radical. So in this study ascorbic acid was used as a dietary supplement in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to correct this defect. Material and Method: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were divided into control and experimental groups. Streptozotocin was injected to the 33 rats of experimental group and then divided into two the other receiving subgroups; one receiving ascorbic acid supplement(1 g/l in drinking water); and nosupplements. At 6, 9 and 12 weeks, abdominal aortic rings were obtained to make tissue preparations for evaluation of vascular smooth muscle contractility. Result: While control group showed good response to acetylcholine induced relaxation, diabetic group showed decreased relaxation regardless of ascorbic acid supplement at the experiments 6 weeks after streptozotocin treatment. This abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation was markedly reversed at 9 and 12 weeks into the diabetic group with ascorbic acid supplement. There were no differences in sodium nitroprusside induced relaxation responses between control and experimental groups; also, norepinephrine induced contractile responses did not show any remarkable effects. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the endothelial cells have defects in diabetic rats. Dietary supplement of ascorbic acid can reverse the defects of diabetic endothelial cells through its antioxidant effects and it may further protect against vascular disease in diabetic patients.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.521-528
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• 2012

This study was performed to develop a therapeutic diet against aging and obesity, using Yangha(Zingiber mioga R.). Before development of a therapeutic diet, we performed cell viability assay, analysis of general composition, macrominerals and antioxidantive activities of Yangha. Based on the findings from analyzing the results, mook using Yangha powder(0~20%) was processed, and tested for quality characteristics such as color values, sensory evaluation and mechanical properties. The result of cell viability assay of myoga, using liver cells, revealed that within the concentration range from 500 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ to 10,000 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, cell survivability increased in line with the concentration rate. Therefore, it will not be harmful to consume it as food. Regarding the normal substance of myoga, the water substance of myoga was 94%, which exceeds that of ginger and tumeric with 89% and 83%, respectively. As for crude protein, fat, carbon hydrates and ash, myoga contained less than the other two, which I think is due to the high water substance. Regarding the minerals, potassium had the highest contents among macrominerals of 234.74 mg%. As for the antioxidant test, hydroxy radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity were shown. As for the production of Yangha mook(Yangha powder levels were 0~20%) for quality characteristics, the more of the powder, the less the L, but the greater the a and b values. Also, for the material property, an increased amount of the powder, resulted in chewiness and springiness, but less gumminess in a correlated manner. However, there were no significant differences in the springiness and cohesiveness in relation to the powder. For the sensory test, jelly type ZM5 with 5% powder showed highest overall preference. According to the sensory test, based on the powder substance, the jelly with 5% powder showed the highest overall score, including preference.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Codonopsis lanceolata leaves as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash were 65.09%, 18.02%, 1.34% and 9.72%. And the calories of Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were 288.36 Kcal. The protein contained total 16 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 5,906.41 mg and 7,551.56 mg, respectively. K was the most mineral followed by Ca, P, and Mg, which means Codonopsis lanceolata leaves are alkali material. Total phenolic contents of Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were 1.87 mg/g, and total flavonoids contents were estimated as 1.87 mg/g. Based on the above results, we deemed that the Codonopsis lanceolata leaves might have potential antioxdant activities. The general nutrients and other antioxidatant bioactive materials in Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that a follow up study of Codonopsis lanceolata leavesthrough developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of medicinal foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2010

We evaluated the anti-aging potential and safety of black garlic extract for cosmeceutical ingredient. Black garlic was made by spontaneous fermentation for 40 days at $60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$, 85~95% RH without any additives. The 10% black garlic extract had sweet odor, antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities of skin againg enzymes such as tyrosinase and elastase. The skin safety was performed to evaluate of potential toxicity using the primary irritation test and skin sensitization test. The black garlic extract did not show any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites at primary irritation test, but on abraded sites, some experimental animals showed very slight erythema. So, the black garlic extract was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on the score 0.23 of primary irritation index. The skin sensitization study was tested by the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) with intradermal injection of 10% black garlic extract. The skin sensitization test showed no skin sensitization. The allergic sensitization depends on tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The concentration of IL-6 on challenged tissue of treated with black garlic extract was not significantly different with negative control group (saline treated group). Based on this study, the potential for black garlic as a cosmeceutical ingredient was proven.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.731-739
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• 2015

We conducted this study to investigate possibilities of applying cosmetic material about extrats from Sparassis crispa. The extracts of Sparassis crispa conducted a antibacterial activity against Straphylococcus epidermidis, Straphylococcus aureus, Escheri chia coli, Candida albicans by the paper disc method and antioxidative effect and Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity were performed in Raw 264.7 cells. Also, we evaluated of pH, viscosity, particle observation stability of emulsion that are applied of extracts from Sparassis crispa. The antimicrobial activity showed by the paper disc method against Straphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans. The physical stability were stable of pH, viscosity in emulsion included extracts from Sparassis crispa. Emulsion containing Sparassis crispa extracts did not change particles into optical microscope. These results suggest that extracts from Sparassis crispa may have value as the potential cosmetic formulations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional tea materials on oxygen-free radical metabolism in lead (Pb) -administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con) and Pb-water extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis; GT) , persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki; PL) , safflower seed (Carhamus tinctorius: SS) , Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides; EU) groups, respectively. Pb intoxication was induced by administration of lead acetate (25 mg/kg. B.W., oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw material/kg B.W./day for 4 weeks. When the GT, PL, SS and EU were supplemented to the Pb-administered rats, hepatic lipid peroxide levels were significantly lower compared to the Pb-Con group. Hepatic cytochrom P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas xanthine oxidase activity was significantly elevated in Pb-administered rats. The water extract of GT, PL, SS and EU supplementation attenuated changes in enzyme activities generating reactive oxygen species in the liver. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, while monoamine oxidase activity also tended to increase in the Pb-administered rats. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione content significantly decreased through Pb intoxication. The supplementation of GT, PL, SS and EU induced alleviation changes of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1302-1307
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the anticarcinogenic and antioxidative activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis (RS). Hexane (RSMH), ethylether (RSMEE), ethylacetate (RSMEA), butanol (RSMB), aqueous (RSMA) fractions and methanol extract (RSM) were screened for their growth inhibition effects using 3- (4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7 and HT-29 cells. The anticarcinogenic effects of RSMEE was most significant when tested on MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$ which resulted about $84\%\;and\;90\%$ on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, respectively. The quinone reductase (QR)-inducing activity of RSMH on HepG2 cells was 3.5 times higher compared with the control at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidative activities of RSM, RSMEE, RSMEA and RSMB showed about $80\%$ of electron donating activity (EDA) which were very similar to that of vitamin C as a control. We observed morphological changes of shrinking and the blebbing of HepG2 cancer cell membranes depending on the concentration of RSMEE.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

The biological activities of licorice F1 (Glycyrrhiza glabra ${\times}$ G. uralensis) lines (G) were investigated, revealing strong radical scavenging activity targeting 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (${\cdot}OH$) radicals. At a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$, most of the licorice F1 lines scavenged DPPH and ${\cdot}OH$ by more than 80%. Gs-1, -2, and -6 can be considered good scavengers of DPPH radical and G-7 have higher antioxidant activity against ${\cdot}OH$ radical. In addition, licorice F1 lines exerted effective anti-microbial activities against Escherichia coli (Gs-12, -17, and -18) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gs-3, -4, -5, -21, and -26). Moreover, Gs-2, - 20, -31, and -32 effectively inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Among licorice F1 lines, Gs-25 exhibited high anti-inflammatory effects on nitric oxide produced by lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-${\gamma}$-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, Gs-1, -12, and -20 inhibited the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells by more than 60% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ and Gs-5, -11, -19, and -32 showed inhibitory effects against rat lens aldose reductase ($IC_{50}$ values, 1.69, 6.07, 6.12, and $4.54{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). The total content of glycyrrhizin (1), glycyrrhetinic acid (2), glabridin (3), and isoliquiritigenin (4) in licorice F1 lines was high in Gs-11, -15, and -30. The present study therefore indicated that Gs-2, -26, -31, and -32 of licorice F1 possessing strong anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and aldose reductase inhibitory effects may be used as a possible source material for natural health supplements in the future.