• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1219-1225
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• 2015

This study was carried out to compare quality characteristics and physiological activities of Korean traditional wines fermented by addition of puffed sorghum powder. Using a two-step brewing process for fermented wines, pH, acidity, ethanol, color, tannin, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activities, antioxidant, and reducing sugar levels as well as sensory evaluation were measured during fermentation at 2-day intervals until day 8. The pH levels of fermented wines ranged from 4.07 to 5.53, and acidity ranged from 0.13 to 0.86. On the last day of fermentation, alcohol contents of control, raw sorghum, steamed sorghum, and 25, 50%, and 100% puffed sorghum were 16.8%, 11.7%, 13.4%, 16.5%, 15.2%, and 16.4%, respectively. The reducing sugar and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activities of puffed sorghum fermented wines were relatively higher than those of the control group, whereas those of steamed sorghum were lowest. As puffed sorghum powder content increased, antioxidant activity significantly increased. In the results of the sensory evaluation, overall preference of 50% puffed sorghum fermented wines was highest among the samples. The results of this study show that physiological activity and quality characteristics of fermented wines containing puffed sorghum powder contribute to value added improvement of sorghum processing.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the treatment of diabetes mellitus is the attainment of glycemic control. Hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress which contributes to the progression of diabetic complications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Daraesoon (Actinidia arguta shoot) in animal models of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received an oral administration of a starch solution (1 g/kg) either with or without a 70% ethanol extract of Daraesoon (400 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) after an overnight fast and their postprandial blood glucose levels were measured. Five-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed either a basal or high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet with or without Daraesoon extract (0.4%) or acarbose (0.04%) for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation to determine the effects of the chronic consumption of Daraesoon on fasting hyperglycemia and antioxidant status. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, rats that received Daraesoon extract (400 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) exhibited a significant reduction in the area under the postprandial glucose response curve after the oral ingestion of starch. Additionally, the long-term consumption of Daraesoon extract or acarbose significantly decreased serum glucose and insulin levels as well as small intestinal maltase activity in HFHS-fed mice. Furthermore, the consumption of Daraesoon extract significantly reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased glutathione levels in the livers of HFHS-fed mice compared to HFHS-fed mice that did not ingest Daraesoon. CONCLUSIONS: Daraesoon effectively suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia via the inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Chronic consumption of Daraesoon alleviated fasting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.844-852
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• 2011

In this study, various antioxidant propertieswere evaluated by analyzing the proximate composition and free-sugar and DNJ contents of the Bombyx mori L., Mori fructus, Morus ramulus, Mori folium, Dioscoreae rhizome and Inonotus obliquus extracts, and the antidiabetic effect was evaluated through an in-vivo experiment. Product evaluation was conducted after preparing a beverage for the easy use of the mixed extract for biological activity, as a functional resource. The biochemical composition of the extracts was 0.31% crude protein, 0.114 g/100 mL free sugar and 161.02 mg/gdw DNJ, all of which showed excellent results in all the antioxidant ability and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition ability experiments. The beverage showed the following functionalities. The total-polyphenol content was 71.93%, but the electron-donating ability was highest in the 5% extract concentration. Moreover, when the TBARS values were experimented on, KO2 showed an especially high scavenging ability. During the five-week beverage supply after inducing diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ), the change in the blood sugar was measured, and the STZ-induced diabetes+oral-beverage group (C) showed a lower blood sugar level than the diabetes comparative group (B) in the second week. In the STZ-induced diabetes+free-diet/beverage group (D), the blood glucose level also slowly decreased in the second week. The lowest blood glucose level among the STZ-induced diabetes groups was shown in the fifth week.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1393-1400
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• 2011

We investigated the mineral content and antioxidant activity of Portulaca oleracea for biological properties. Total mineral content was 6025.80 mg/100 g, and potassium was the highest at 3846.99 mg/100 g. Water and 80% ethanol extract yields were 14.84% and 24.93%, respectively. The contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of ethanol extract were 58.16 mg/g and 20.08 mg/g, and were significantly higher than that of its water extract (49.09 mg/g and 14.98 mg/g, respecitvely). Antioxidant activities and nitrite scavenging activity was significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and that of ethanol extract was higher than that of the water extract. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibition activity of ethanol extract was significantly higher than the water extract as well. We suggest that the biological properties of Portulaca oleracea are due to its mineral and phenolic contents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.446-452
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• 2013

Chronic consumption of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet increases insulin resistance and results in type 2 diabetes mellitus in C57BL/6J mice. Hyperglycemia in diabetics increases oxidative stress, which is associated with a high risk of diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of chamnamul [Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai] in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul was measured in vitro. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal or HFHS diet with or without a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul at a 0.5% level of the diet for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. After sacrifice, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles, and lipid peroxidation of the liver were determined. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. Chamnamul extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase by 26.7%, which was 78.3% the strength of inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Serum glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, were significantly lower in the chamnamul group than in the HFHS group. Chamnamul extract significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver compared with the HFHS group. These findings suggest that chamnamul may be useful in prevention of hyperglycemia and reduction of oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.380-381
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare biological activity of browning compounds from fresh, red and black garlic. Water soluble browning compounds were separated from fresh, red and black garlic by dialysis membrane. Antioxidation and other biological activities of freeze dried inner and outer parts from garlics were compared. pH of fresh and red garlic dialysis solutions were higher in inner part of membrane, but black garlic dialysis solution showed reverse tendency. Browning intensities of all tested samples were higher in outer part of dialysis solutions. In inner part dialysis solutions, contents of total phenol compounds were the lowest in red garlic while their contents were the highest in black garlic and thereafter, were the highest in inner part of dialysis solution made from red garlic. Flavonoids content was the highest in inner part of red garlic dialysis solution. Total pyruvate content was higher in outer part of fresh and red garlic dialysis solution which showed the opposite results in black garlic. Total thiosulfate content was the highest in black garlic, red garlic and fresh garlic in order. Antioxidant activities have some similarities among garlic products. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in inner part of fresh and black garlic and outer part of red garlic. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was higher in browning compounds of red garlic than fresh and black garlic. $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition activity of tested samples were higher in inner part of dialysis solution than outer part, and showed higher activity in red garlic than fresh garlic at low sample concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.510-518
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• 2012

This study examined the biological activity and synergistic effects of an extract of Wa-song ($Orostachys$ $japonicus$, OE), a medicinal plant mixture (MPE) and a combination of both at different ratios (1:1, OMPE-1 and 3:1, OMPE-3). Extracts of the medicinal plants mixture were comprised of Baekbokyung, Changchul and Sa-in at the same ratio. The antioxidant activity of the extracts and their complex were tested $in$ $vitro$. The $in$ $vivo$ antioxidant activity was also analyzed by examining the lipid composition in the liver and kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats. The nitric oxide radical scavenging activity was more than 50% in OMPE-3 at a 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL concentration. Regarding metal ions, such as $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$, the antioxidant activity of OMPE-1 and OMPE-3 was higher than that of OE and MPE. OMPE-1 and 3 had higher activity on $Cu^{2+}$ ions than $Fe^{2+}$ ions. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity of the OE extract was higher than that of MPE and OMPE-1 but the relative activity of OMPE-3 was significantly higher than the others. Freeze-dried MPE, OMPE-1 and OMPE-3 were added to the diet at a level of 1% given to STZ induced diabetes rats for 4 weeks. The OMPE-1 and OMPE-3 administered groups showed significant decreases in the total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver and kidney. In these groups, the glycogen accumulation level of the liver was increased significantly. The content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver and kidney was decreased but the DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased. These results suggest that Wa-song extract exhibits antioxidant and antidiabetic activity, which are enhanced by a complex with a medical plants extract.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.568-575
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• 2016

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGD3 was used as a starter for fermentation of amaranth and cultural characteristics and biological activities of amaranth were investigated. The viable cells in fermented amaranth was 4.54~8.01 log CFU/mL during 96 hr of fermentation period. Protease activities of amaranth showed the highest by 36.7 unit/mL after 72 hr of fermentation. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of amaranth increased with fermentation time while its total sugar content decreased. The total protein content was the highest in amaranth fermented for 96 hr (0.25 mg/g). The DPPH scavenging activities, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and reducing power of amaranth were highest in amaranth fermented for 72 hr, showing 84.46%, $551.91{\mu}M$, and 2.74, respectively. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) and ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibition rates increased with fermentation time and showed the highest after 72 hr.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1637-1644
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• 2015

To develop health-functional food ingredients for improvement of diabetes, we examined biological activities, including total contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities of ethanol extracts from unripe fruit of Momordica charantia L. cultivated in Hamyang, Korea. Ethanol extracts were tested using different ethanol concentrations (0%, 30%, 50%, and 70%) and temperatures ($50^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$). Experimental results showed that total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were achieved concentrations of 7.77 mg/g (tannic acid), 7.66 mg/g (gallic acid), and 10.66 mg/g (rutin). The hydroxyl radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, and FRAP activities were 82.19%, 42.82%, and 0.19 under the same conditions, respectively. The highest inhibitory activities of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase were achieved in the 70% ethanol extract at $70^{\circ}C$. These results will be useful for development of health functional foods for anti-diabetes using 70% ethanol extract from unripe fruit of bitter melon.