• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2015

Culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum B3. Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes (Sanjo 701), Grifola frondosa, and Hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. Water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of H. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. axonopodis pv. citiri, and X. axonopodis pv. glycine. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that water extracts of SMS (WESMS) of H. erinaceus induced expressions of plant defense genes encoding ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase (GluA) and pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a), associated with systemic acquired resistance. Furthermore, WESMS also suppressed tomato wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum by 85% in seedlings and promoted growth (height, leaf number, and fresh weight of the root and shoot) of tomato plants. These findings suggest the WESMS of H. erinaceus has the potential to suppress bacterial wilt disease of tomato through multiple effects including antibacterial activity, plant growth promotion, and defense gene induction.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2016

Background: In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activities of 75% ethanol extract of Prunus sargentii branches and its fractions against acne pathogens. Methods and Results: The antibacterial activity against acne causing pathogens was determined using the disc diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher activities against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis than those shown by other fractions. In the DPPH radical and NO scavenging assays, the butanol fraction showed strong DPPH radical and NO scavenging abilities. These activities were related to the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of butanol fraction. On the other hand, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest NO production inhibitory activity in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells compared to those exhibited by other fractions. Conclusions: The extract and its ethyl acetate fraction from the branches of P. sargentii exhibited antibacterial activity and could be used as functional materials in antimicrobial related fields. Moreover, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions are potential antiinflammatory agents and butanol fraction acts as an effective radical scavenger.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2007

During a screening program, an actinomycete strain isolated from the Egyptian soil was investigated for its potential to show antimicrobial activity. The identification of this isolate was performed according to spore morphology and cell wall chemo-type, which suggested that this strain is a streptomycete. Further cultural, physiological characteristics and the analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1480 bp) of this isolate indicated that this strain is identical to Streptomyces violaceusniger (accession number EF063682) and then designated S. violaceusniger strain HAL64. In its culture supernatant, this organism could produce one major compound strongly inhibits the growth of Gram-positive but the inhibition of Gram-negative indicator bacteria was lower. The antibiotic was separated by silica gel column chromatography and then purified on a sephadex LH-20 column and finally the purity was checked by HPLC. The chemical structure of the purified compound was determined using spectroscopic analyses (molecular formula of $C_{33}H_{32}N_{2}O_{10}$ and molecular weight of 617.21) and found to be identical to the kosinostatin, a quinocycline antibiotic which is known to be produced by Micromonspora sp. TP-A0468 (Igarashi et al., 2002) and to quinocycline B isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens (Celmer et al., 1958). Although the antibiotic is known, the newly isolated strain was able to produce the antibiotic as a major product providing an important biotechnological downstream advantage.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 2017

Bacillus subtilis BS16045 was isolated from Gochujang, a Korean red chili paste, in order to get a starter strain that can be used for preservation of the fermented foods. We report the whole genome sequence of B. subtilis BS16045, which contains 4,165,121 bp with a G+C content of 43.6%. We also confirmed the set of antibiotic genes producing surfactin, kanosamine, bacillaene, plipastatin, subtilosin A, and bacilysin, which are related to antifungal and antibacterial activities. These results indicate that B. subtilis BS16045 could be a potential starter strain for solving contamination by food-borne pathogens in the soybean products factory.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1423-1430
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• 2009

Rosmarinic acid frequently found as a secondary metabolite in herbs and medicinal plants, has exhibited antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. The proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) in response to activation by various stimuli plays a critical role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Rosmarinic acid on the proliferation and migration of HASMC. Rosmarinic acid suppressed the proliferation of HASMC via induction of the expression of apoptotic proteins including cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and caspase-3. Rosmarinic acid decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and increased pro-apoptotic Bax. Moreover, treatment of rosmarinic acid decreased the G1/S cycle regulation proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6) and increased p21, p27 and p53. Rosmarinic acid also blocked HASMC migration via suppression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. Taken together, these results indicate that rosmarinic acid has the potential for use as an anti-atherosclerosis agent.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2017

Objective: Orthosiphon pallidus (O. pallidus), which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, is a popular garden plant that is widely used for the treatment of various diseases, such as urinary lithiasis, fever, hepatitis, cancer and jaundice. The objective of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant free-radical scavenging and the anticancer activities of O. pallidus against human breast-cancer cell lines. Methods: The antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon pallidus aqueous extract (OPAE) was investigated using different models, such as the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) models, as were the $Fe^+$ chelation, the hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging, and total reducing power activities. The anticancer activities of the extract were determined by using the 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and the sulforhodamine (SRB) assays on the MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Results: The aqueous Orthosiphon pallidus extract showed potent activity in in-vitro models. It significantly inhibited the scavenging of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, but induced a remarkable $Fe^+$ chelation activity. For both cell lines, the percent cytotoxicity was found to increase steadily with increasing OPAE concentration up to $240{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusion: These results suggest that Orthosiphon pallidus has excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities against human breast-cancer cell lines.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2003

Bifidobacteria are normal inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract throughout lift, starting just days after birth, and are one of several predominant species of the colonic microflora, along with Peptostreptococcus, Eubacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroides. Bifidobacteria differ from lactic acid bacteria in that they produce not only lactic acid but also acetic acid as major fermentation products. The classification of bifidobacteria has changed numerous times since they were discovered in 1899 in the feces of breast-fed infants. Since 1994, three additional species have been included in the list (B. lactis, B. inopinatum, and B. denticolens), with a current total of 32 species. A variety of probiotic effects of bifidobacteria are currently being investigated. Research reports suggests several potential probiotic advantages, in particular antimicrobial effects, immune-modulation reduction of the cancer risk, and modulation of gastrointestinal flora. As technological challenges related to viability and enumeration are being overcome, milks fermented with these anaerobic microorganisms(alone or in combination with lactic acid bacteria) are more able to provide consistently satisfying with large numbers of viable microorganisms. Over 70 products containing bifidobacteria are currently offered around the world, including fermented milks, cheese, buttermilk frozen desserts, candy, and pharmaceutical preparations.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

In order to develop probiotic strain for pigs, Lactobacillus spp. (527 isolates), Streptococcus spp. (95 isolates) and Bifidobacterium spp. (25 isolates) were isolated from the feces of 35 pigs. These isolates were tested through in vitro experiment such as acid tolerance at pH 2.0 (Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp.) or pH 3.0 (Bifidobacterium spp.), bile tolerance in MRS broth containing 0.3% (w/v) Oxgall, heat resistance at $70^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and Caco-2 cell adherence assay. Finally ten most superior strain (5 Lactobacillus spp. strain, 3 Bifidobacterium spp. strain and 2 Streptococcus spp. strain) were selected as potential candidate for probiotic use in pig industry. It could be used as an alternative to antibiotics in feed additives.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

Marine sponges are a rich source of highly diversified bioactive compounds. These medicinally valuable molecules represent extreme physiological and ecological functions in sponges, more presumably involving in the resistance to the feeding by other marine organisms like fish and fouling by barnacles, bacteria, fungi, etc. This feature of attaining resistance made sponges as successful poriferans that possess an impressive array of biological properties ranging from antimicrobial to anticancerous activities. The diversified bioactive principle of sponges might be due to their spacio-temporal distribution and although, the gateway for exploiting the sponges for isolating these distinct, potential molecules is open, suitable technical and methodological approaches are yet to be implemented in order to bring the sponges as successful pharmaceutical leads in the field of marine biotechnology. Despite of the identified difficulties of marine sponge research from past few decades, one should concentrate not only on the basic and applied technical/methodological considerations, but also on the novel strategies like in vitro sponge cell, fragment and whole sponge culture; sponge symbiont cell culture; in situ and ex situ sponge cultivation; and sponge bioreactors and metagenomic approaches, for the successful exploitation of marine sponges towards the novelty in sponge biotechnology. The present review narrates the pros and cons of the nowadays-marine sponge research by focusing on the suggestive ecobiotechnological approaches, based on the latest studies for feasible ecological exploitation and biotechnological application of sponges from the sea.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.10-24
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects and epidermis penetration system with polymer micelle of Red Pinus densiflora extract. In the antioxidant test, the total concentration of polyphenol compounds was determined to be $137.5163{\pm}7.70mg/g$ in ethanol extract, $133.956{\pm}1.57mg/g$ in hydrothermal extract. The DPPH radical scavenging effects were $95.29{\pm}0.15%$ in ethanol extract at 1,000 mg/L. Elastase inhibition rates were $100.00{\pm}2.85%$ in ethanol extract at 2,000 mg/L. The antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extraction was higher than that of hydrothermal extractions. In the epidermal permeability experiment, it was confirmed that the permeation of the polymer micelle containing the Red Pinus densiflora's ethanol extract and cell penetrating peptides was remarkable. Here, we confirmed that ethanol extract of Red Pinus densiflora displayed excellent the effects in antioxidant test and epidermis penetration system with polymer micelle. As a result, Red Pinus densiflora extract has potential to be used as a safe and natural cosmetic material in the future.