• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2008

본 연구는 60여 종의 자생 향장식물 및 한약재의 에탄올 추출물의 항균활성을 분석하였다. 양성 대조군인 페녹시에탄올을 처리한 군에서의 저해존의 크기에 대한 실험군의 상대적 비율을 분석한 결과 P. aeruginosa 에 대해서는 단삼과 황련에서 가장 강한 항균력이 나타났다. 이는 양성 대조군에서 보인 저해존의 단삼의 경우 97%, 황련의 경우 84% 에 해당하였으며 그 외에도 작약, 스테비아, 때죽나무, 후리지아, 생강나무, 뽕나무, 오배자, 지유, 황금에서 항균력이 나타났다. S. aureus에 대해서는 오배자, 황련, 단삼이 가장 강한 항균력을 나타냈다. 이는 양성 대조군에서 보인 저해존의 오배자의 경우 78%, 황련의 경우 99%, 단삼의 경우 92%에 해당하였다. 또한 작약, 찔레, 스테비아, 창포, 후리지아, 오디, 생강나무, 구절초, 고삼, 관중, 지유, 황금, 은행나무, 소나무, 인동초, 이나무에서 항균력을 나타냈다. C. albicans에 대해서는 황금의 경우 35%, 황련의 경우 33%의 항균 활성을 보였다. M. furfur에 대해서는 오배자에서 가장 강한 항균력이 나타났는데 양성 대조군에서 보인 저해존의 57%에 해당하였으며 그 외에도 작약, 찔레, 황련, 진피, 목단피에서 항균력이 나타났다. P. acnes 에 대해서는 황련, 단삼, 오배자, 작약에서 가장 강한 항균력이 나타났다. 이는 양성 대조군에서 보인 저해존의 황련과 단삼의 경우 99%, 오배자의 경우 87%에 해당하였으며, 작약의 경우 꽃에서 추출한 경우 89%, 줄기에서 추출한 경우 35%, 뿌리에서 추출한 경우 22%에 해당하였다. 또한 찔레, 스테비아, 창포, 오디, 오이, 은방울꽃, 생강나무, 구절초, 고삼, 관중, 지유, 후박에서도 항균력이 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 지리산 자생식물 중에서는 작약, 찔레, 생강나무, 구절초, 소나무에서, 한약재 중에서는 황련, 오배자, 지유, 단삼, 황금에서 강한 항균력을 보였고, 관련되는 성분과 가능한 작용 방식을 논의하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 생리활성물질을 생성하는 해양미생물을 분리하기 위하여 연근해역의 해면을 조사하였다. 해면 중의 미생물은 $1.2{\times}10{\sim}2.1{\times}10^3/g$ 범위에 있었고, 이들 중 방선균은 $0.01{\sim}0.5\%$(data 생략)로 나타났다. 분리된 미생물은 각각 배양하여 항균물질을 검토하였으며, 검토하던 중에 비교적 강한 항균물질을 생산하는 균주 No. 101을 분리, 선발하였다. 선발된 균의 특징은 sclerotia로 형태가 다양하였고, 다양한 배지에서 생육이 가능하였고, 기균사의 색깔은 회백색, 배면의 색깔은 주로 회백색에서 갈색으로 나타났으며, 젤라틴 액화능과 전분 분해능을 가지나 myo-inositol은 이용하지 못하였다. 이 균의 배양학적 특성은 최적 pH 및 온도가 $6.5{\sim}7.0$ 및 $30^{\circ}C$였으며, 탄소원으로는 starch가 30g/l, 질소원으로는 casamino acid 10g/l가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 방선균 No. 101의 균체 및 균배양액의 추출물에 대한 항균 및 항진균성에서는 Staphylococcus aureus와 Bacillus subtilis에서 강한 항균력을, 효모와 곰팡이에 대하여는 낮은 항진균성을 나타내었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2010

1-Palmitoyl-$d_{31}$-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC_$d_{31}$)로 이루어진 지질 이중막에 항균성 펩타이드 magainin 2와 aurein 3.3이 작용했을 때 일어나는 상변화를 중수소 고체 핵자기 공명 스펙트럼을 관측하여 탐구하였다. 측정된 중수소 고체 핵자기 공명 스펙트럼의 선모양을 이론적 모델 구조를 통하여 모사함으로써, 펩타이드-지질 혼합상태의 기하학적 구조상수 및 동력학적 표면 확산 계수 등을 구하였다. 펩타이드의 혼합 이후 5일 이내의 짧은 작용시간에는 지질 이중막의 정렬이 파괴되는 현상이 나타났으나, 100일 이후에는 magainin 2에 의해서는 타원형 원환체 기공 (elliptic toroidal pore)이, aurein 3.3에 의해서는 6각형 단면 막대구조 상(hexagonal phase)이 관측되었다. 지질 이중막 표면의 전하밀도가 항균성 펩타이드의 작용에 미치는 효과를 보기 위해 산성 지질인 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG)를 함유한 POPC_$d_{31}$/POPG 지질 이중막에 대해서도 동일한 실험을 수행하였다. 동일한 ${\alpha}$-나선형 구조를 가지는 두 펩타이드가 두 종류의 지질 이중막에 작용하는 과정의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2017

Prior to the advent of efficacious antimicrobial agents, the mortality rate from cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was effectively 100%. There have been very few reports of CST associated with tooth extraction. A 40-year-old female presented to the emergency room with swelling over the right side of the face and history of extraction in the upper right region by an unregistered dental practitioner. The patient presented with diplopia, periorbital ecchymosis, and chemosis of the right eye. A computed tomography scan revealed venous dilatation of the right superior ophthalmic vein. The patient was immediately treated with incision and drainage, intravenous antibiotics, and heparin (low molecular weight). Unfortunately, the patient died two days after surgery due to complications from the disease. CST is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. Therefore, dental health education in rural areas, legal action against unregistered dental practitioners, early diagnosis, and aggressive antibiotic treatment can prevent future mortality resulting from CST.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1031-1037
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• 2008

Macrolide antimicrobial agents including erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Newer macrolides that have structural modifications of older drug erythromycin show improved change in the spectrum of activity, dosing, and administration. However, recent studies reported that increasing use of macrolide antibiotics is the main force driving the development of macrolide resistance in streptococci. In particular, azithromycin use is more likely to select for macrolide resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae than is clarithromycin use, a possible reflection of its much longer half life. Recently, erythromycin resistance rates of S. pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes are rapidly increasing in Korea. Two main mechanisms of acquired macrolide resistance have been described, altered binding site on the bacterial ribosome encoded by the ermB gene and active macrolide efflux pump encoded by the mef gene. Relationship between the susceptibility of S. pneumoniae and the response to macrolides has been shown in studies of acute otitis media, but less clear in cases of pneumonia. This article reviews the spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic properties, mechanisms of action and resistance, and clinical implication of resistance on the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2006

Meat marination has been applied to improve product's physical and sensory attributes for years, but usually it is not intended to improve microbial quality of the product. Tumbling, which helps the distribution of marinade solution during processing, should enhance the action of antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the combined effects of nisin, tumbling and storage time on total microflora and psychrotrophs counts on poultry. A marinade that contained acetic acid (1%) and salt (3%) with pH adjusted to 4 was developed as a standardized marinade. Drumsticks were marinated with various nisin levels (0, 50, or 100 IU/ml) combined with tumbling (0, 10, or 20 min), and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. The total microflora and psychrotrophs counts of the samples were evaluated after 0, 2, 4, and 7 days of storage. The results indicated that at a given storage time, the samples tumbled for either 10 or 20 min had significantly (p<0.05) lower microbial counts when compared with the samples without the tumbling treatment. The microbial counts of the tumbled samples increased as storage time increased. Microbial counts significantly (p<0.05) decreased when more nisin was increased up to the level of 100 IU/ml. In conclusion, adding of nisin at the level of 50 IU/ml with tumbling for 10 min decreased the total microflora and psychrotrophs counts of the marinated chicken broiler drumsticks.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-81
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• 2017

Nanotechnology is of great importance to molecular biology and medicine because life processes are maintained by the action of a series of molecular nanomachines in the cell machinery. Recent advances in nanoscale materials that possess emergent physical properties and molecular organization hold great promise to impact human health in the diagnostic and therapeutic arenas. In order to be effective, nanomaterials need to navigate the host biology and traffic to relevant biological structures, such as diseased or pathogenic cells. Moreover, nanoparticles intended for human administration must be designed to interact with, and ideally leverage, a living host environment. Inspired by nature, we use peptides to transfer biological trafficking properties to synthetic nanoparticles to achieve targeted delivery of payloads. In this talk, development of nanoscale materials will be presented with a particular focus on applications to three outstanding health problems: bacterial infection, cancer detection, and traumatic brain injury. A biodegradable nanoparticle carrying a peptide toxin trafficked to the bacterial surface has antimicrobial activity in a pneumonia model. Trafficking of a tumor-homing nanoprobes sensitively detects cancer via a high-contrast time-gated imaging system. A neuron-targeted nanoparticle carrying siRNA traffics to neuronal populations and silences genes in a model of traumatic brain injury. Unique combinations of material properties that can be achieved with nanomaterials provide new opportunities in translational nanomedicine. This framework for constructing nanomaterials that leverage bio-inspired molecules to traffic diagnostic and therapeutic payloads can contribute on better understanding of living systems to solve problems in human health.

• 생약학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1978

Free anino acid contents in alcohol extract of eight plants of Caryophyllaceae and their microbial activities were investigated. 1) Amino acid contents in both of the Pseudostellaria palibiniana and Stellaria media was the highest among them and the contents was less in the order of Cerastium caspitosum and Stellaria aquatica. 2) Of all free amino acids contained in eight plants, valine was the richest, and then glutamic acid, leucine in that order. On the other hand, no methionine was observed and cystine, lysine and histidine were found in small amounts. 3) Of eight plants exhibited good antibacterial action against Sarcina lutea, B. subtilis and Sal. typhi. 4) S.aquatica and Pseudostellaria palibiniana showed antibiotic actions against all bacteria except for fungus, Candida albicans. 5) C. caspitosum and C. brachypetalum showed inhibition zone against B. subtilis and Sal. typhi only. 6) Antibacterial activity against gram(+) bacteria was more potent than gram(-).

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.88-89
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• 2000

Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation in the presence of alkali, which is a copolymer consisting of $\beta$-(1longrightarrow4)-2-acetamido-D-glucose and $\beta$-(1longrightarrow4)-2-amino-D-glucose units with the latter usually exceeding 80% (Arvanitoyannis et al., 1998). Chitosan has been developed as new physiological material since it possesses antibacterial activity, hypocholesterolemic activity and antihypertensive action. However, even though chitosan has very strong functional properties in many areas, its high molecular weight and high viscosity may restrict the use in vivo. In addition, there is little doubt that such properties will influence absorption in the human intestine. Recently, studies on chitosan have attracted interest for converted chitosan to oligosaccharide, because the oligosaccharide possesses not only water-soluble property but also versatile functional properties such as antitumor activity, immune-enhancing effects, enhancement of protective effects against infection with some pathogens in mice, antifungal activity, calcium absorption accelerating effect (Jeon et al., 1999) and antimicrobial activity. There is, however, little information on the toxicity of chitosan oligosaccharide. (omitted)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1279-1283
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• 2009

Garlic has been used for condiments and also for medicines to cure various diseases since ancient times. Many studies on the processing of garlic have been published, however, few of them were related with fermentation because of the antimicrobial action of the garlic. In this study, to conduct garlic fermentation, 4 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with growth abilities in garlic medium were selected. Addition of various nitrogen, carbon, and mineral sources generally did not improve the growth of experimental strains during garlic fermentation except for Lactobacillus casei KFRI 704 by yeast extract and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 19257 by mineral sources. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 32 phenolic compounds during fermentation showed that formononetin was decreased time dependently. The concentrations of volatile compounds and alliin did not change during fermentation. The results of this study would provide the basic understanding of garlic fermentation by selected strains of LAB.