• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-109
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• 2013

The global diffusion of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) is changing the landscape of medicine and the healthcare system. STS scholars have shown how EBM works when put into practice. In continuing to add to the literature of previous scholars, this paper traces the historical process and debate over Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing as an early screening test for prostate cancer in the U.S. This study will reveal that both pros and cons of the testing using EBM as a crucial resources of the debate, and in the process both 'flexibly' interpret and mobilize the hierarchy of scientific evidence for EBM despite the fact the hierarchy is imagined to being scientific criteria that is rigid. Furthermore, this paper will argue that this phenomenon, for which EBM currently seems to support the cons side of PSA screening, was constructed in the context of appraisal of the value 'quality of life' in the EBM system. This case study proposes that those who study the debate of medical technology in the EBM era should contextualize and analyze EBM as part of this debate rather than simply taking EBM for granted.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.620-628
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• 1996

To avoid the self-agglutination of Staphylococcus aureus sensitized with rabbit antibody in the absence of antigen, we determined the optimum concentration of rabbit antibody for sensitization. It was analyzed by using three different kinds of S. aureus strains at various concentraions of antibody. The optimized coagglutination test using the S. aureus sensitized with rabbit antibody was applied to the diagnosis of edwardsiellosis in field and in laboratory. The presence of E. tarda as low as $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ was detected by this method. Moreover, it showed good coagglutination results against several different forms of antigens such as FKC, EDTA or heat extracted antigen of E. tarda. E. tarda strains, isolated from the flounders suffering from edwardsiellosis in fields, showed some cross-reactions to the E. tarda 219 analyzed by both agglutination and coagglutination test with rabbit anti-E, tarda 219 antibody. The degree of cross-reactions analyzed was enough to apply the coagglutination test for the diagnosis of edwardsiellosis in field. Thus, even 1,000 fold diluted tissue homogenate of infected flounder naturally contained enough E. tarda as an antigen to show good coagglutination with S. aueus sensitized with rabbit anti-E, tarda 219 antibody. The successful application of this method to the homogenate and heat extract of tissues from naturally or artificially infected flounder or tilapia preyed that coagglutination test was a simple and rapid reliable dignostic technique suitable for using in laboratory and field without any special equipments.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 2018

Purpose Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is cell-surface 180-200 kDa glycoprotein that is overexpressed in breast, stomach pancreas, lung, and colorectal cancers. CEA was first described in 1965 by Gold and Freedman and then serum CEA of colorectal cancer patients was first measured in 1969 by radioimmunoassay by Thomson. CEA is currently most widely used tumor marker in the clinic for management of colorectal cancer. Various CEA test kits have been developed and commercialized. CEA kits from different manufacturers might have different test results because of different reagents and protocol. The purpose of this study was to compare results of four commercial available CEA kits. Materials and Methods This study was designed to evaluate four commercially available CEA kits using serum samples acquired from 120 patients who visited our clinic. Test results were compared and analyzed according to the respective test methods. High concentration samples were diluted with saline and diluted solution. Results All of the four kits showed a significant correlation within the reference value. However, three of the four kits used for the dilution test using high concentration samples showed the hook effect. Conclusion Results of the present study showed that It is important to establish the standardized dilution standards for the high-concentration specimens to manage the error of the test result by the hook effect.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : The diagnosis of allergic diseases in current oriental medicine is in the state of depending mainly on two factors: some distinctive symptoms and scientific 'opinions', MAST CLA test is also believed to be helpful in Oriental Medicine on making definite diagnosis of allergic diseases and identifying causative antigen. This study will address the clinical importance of MAST CLA test, the residential type of allergic patients and its distribution status, etc. Methods : From March of 2000 through September of 2003, tests were made in Oriental Medicine Hospital of Semyung University on sex, age, types of residence, allergic diseases and MAST CLA system for the patients who showed allergic symptoms and had been diagnosed so in other hospitals. Results : 1. Sex: Among 91 subjects, 38 of them were men, 53 of them were women. 2. Age group : 15.3% of them were in their 40s; 31.8% in 30s; 15.3% in 20s; 17.5% in 10s. 3. Residental type : A.P.T(51 of them, 56%), plain type of house(33 of them, 36.2%) and villa(7 of them, 7.6%). 4. Discases : Among the diseases, allergic dermatitis was most common(69 of them. 75.8%); allergic rhinitis(17 of them, 18.6%); and chronic and acute urticaria(4 of them, 4.3%) in order. 5. Among 91 subjects, 39 of them showed positive reaction to more than one type of antigens in MAST CLA test: 23 of them were men(60.5%); 16 of them. women(30.1%). 6. Among 91 subjects. 53 of them(58.2%) showed positive reaction to antibodies in MAST CLA test: 22 of them were men; 31 of them, women. 7. Antigen distribution order among 39 subjects who showed positive reaction in MAST CLA test: Mite-farinae, Mite-pterony, Housedust in men and women subjects alike.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2018

Background: Detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) is needed for the diagnosis in systemic autoimmune diseases. In this study, we compared three reagents using line immunoblot assay (LIA) or multiplex bead immunoassay for detecting the anti-ENAs. Methods: A total of 89 sera were tested by 3 different assays: EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile (Euroimmune, Germany), Polycheck Autoimmune Test (Biocheck GmbH, Germany), and $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective Profile (Biomedical Diagnostics, France). The following individual ENAs were investigated: Sm, SS-A (Ro), SS-B (La), Scl-70, Jo-1 and RNP. We reviewed medical records to investigate the discrepant results among three methods. Results: Overall percent agreements were 96.1% between EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile and $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective profile; 90.4% between EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test using the manufacturers' cutoff; 96.4% between EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test using a upward cutoff; 90.4% between $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test the manufacturers' cutoff; and 96.4% between $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test a upward cutoff. Conclusions: The three assays showed excellent agreement with each other. With appropriate cutoff, the all three assays for six of the anti-ENA tests investigated in this study can be used in clinical laboratories for detecting the anti-ENAs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 1988

The sensitivity and specificity of crude and affinity-purified antigens of Clcnorchis sinensis obtained from the infected rabbits were studied. Stage-specific antigenic proteins from the eggs, metacercariae and adult worms were characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent astray (ELISA). The results were as follows: 1. The antibody.binding antigen (ABA) purified from whole worm crude antigen (IVWA) by CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography made :l specific bands against rabbit antisera on Ouchterlony gel diffusion plate, while WWA made 7 bands. Major WWA protein bands by SDS-PAGE were found at 16, 300~18, 500 and 28, 000~29, 000 daltons, while major ABA protein bands were at 18, 000~21, 000 and 29, 000~31, 000 daltons. The reactivity of ABA with rabbit anti-sera in ELISA was remarkably less sensitive than that of WWA. 2. Molecular weights of egg antigen (EGA), metacercarial antigen (MEA) and adult worm antigen (WWA) of C. sinensis ranged from 15, 000-200, 000 daltons, 15, 000-100, 000 daltons and 11, 000~80, 000 daltons, respectively. Major WWA proteins consisted mainly of polypeptide bands of low molecular weight, less than 31, 000 daltons, while those of EGA and MEA consisted of higher molecular T.eights than 30, 000 daltons. 3. The ELISA reactivities of WWA to rabbit anti.sera were remarkably greater than those of MEA. EGA showed negative reaction throughout the experiments. WWA showed higher optical density (O.D.) than 1.0, when reacted with rabbit anti-sera obtained at 4~6 weeks after the infection. In the rabbit anti-sera later than 12 weeks after the infection, the O.D. reacting witll WWA showed a plateau without variation. MEA shoT.ed relatively low O.D. values (<0.6), when reacted with anti-sera from lightly in(ected groups throughout the experiments, althougll there were some wealth positive cases (O.D.>0.6) ill heavily infected groups. MEA reacted with rabbit anti-sera showed negative results on Ouchterlony gel diffusion plates. Summarizing the above results, it is suggested that the whole worm antigen prepared from the adult worms of C. sinensis is most highly antigenic. However, this antigen might reveal cross reactions with other trematodes such as Paragonimus westermani, therefore, purification of antigenic proteins from the crude antigen is essential 18 increase the sensitivity and specificity for the immuncdiagnosis of clonorchiasis.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.282-291
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• 1989

Incidence of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) infection in vaccinated breeder chickens was investigated by hemagglutination inhibition(HI)test for IBV using Mass 41 antigen. In the breeder chickens with the reduced egg production. chalky deposit. wrinkled

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1691-1695
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• 2005

The bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 gene encodes cell surface glycoproteins that initiate immune responses by presenting processed antigenic peptides to CD4 T helper cells. DRB3 is the most polymorphic bovine MHC class II gene which encodes the peptide-binding groove. Since different alleles favour the binding of different peptides, DRB3 has been extensively evaluated as a candidate marker for associations with various bovine diseases and immunological traits. For that reason, the genetic diversity of the bovine class II DRB3 locus was investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). This study describes genetic variability in the BoLA-DRB3 in Iranian Golpayegani Cattle. Iranian Golpayegani Cows (n = 50) were genotyped for bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3.2 allele by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Bovine DNA was isolated from aliquots of whole blood. A two-step polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with restriction endonucleases RsaI, HaeIII and BstYI was conducted on the DNA from Iranian Golpayegani Cattle. In the Iranian Golpayegani herd studied, we identified 19 alleles.DRB3.2${\times}$16 had the highest allelic frequency (14%), followed by DRB3.2${\times}$7 (11%). Six alleles (DRB3.2${\times}$25, ${\times}$24, ${\times}$22, ${\times}$20, ${\times}$15, ${\times}$3) had frequencies = 2%. Although additional studies are required to confirm the present findings, our results indicate that exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene is highly polymorphic in Iranian Golpayegani Cattle.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2015

The measurement of histamine is to determine the degree of allergy because the allergic reaction can lead to the release of histamine. In general, the antigen-antibody reaction was quantified by measuring absorbance using a microplate reader. In this study, we compare the method using a general antigen-antibody reaction and the method using a high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) of chemical analysis in the measurement of histamine secretion. The cell line used was RBL-2H3, an allergic reaction was induced by stimulation with C48/80 (compound 48/80). Allergy-induced cells degranulation rate was confirmed by measurement of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and cytotoxicity was performed for the validity of the experiment. The quantitative determination of histamine showed a significant difference, since the quantitative limit of the measurement by the antigen-antibody reaction was 10.257 ppm while the quantitative limit of the measurement by HPLC-MS was 0.020 ppm. Measurement of histamine in allergic activity and anti-allergy tests showed that the HPLC-MS analysis rather than the analysis of the antigen-antibody reaction is a more precise and accurate test.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.387-391
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• 1986

Serum samples from 51 patients with clinically suspected typhoid fever were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM and IgA antibodies against the whole bacteria antigen of Salmonella typhi by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of IgG and IgA antibody to-whole bacteria antigen were higher in the culture-proven patients than in controls. The levels of IgM antibody to- whole bacteria antigen showed better discrimination between culture negative patients and controls than those of IgG or IgA antibody to-whole bacteria antigen. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was much more sensitive than the Widal test. It would be a useful tool for the diagnosis of typhoid fever with a single serum sample.