• Title/Summary/Keyword: antidepressants

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A Case of Acral Lick Dermatitis in a Dog with Multiple Lesions

  • Kim, Jihee;Kim, Yoonji;Kim, Soomin;Kim, Hyeon-Jin;Lee, Ji-Hye;Kim, Ha-Jung
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.194-198
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    • 2021
  • A 7-year-old intact male Maltese dog was presented with firm, raised, erythematous, alopecic, and pruritic skin lesions on the right dorsal distal metatarsal region and the tail. The skin lesion started a year ago with a crust-like lesion on the right dorsal distal metatarsal region which gradually swelled as the patient continued to lick and chew without healing. Recently, similar lesions occurred on the tail. Based on the licking history and ruling out other diseases through skin examination, acral lick dermatitis (ALD) was diagnosed. Treatment included antidepressants, preventive antibiotics, topical corticosteroid, and wearing Elizabethan collar as a physical barrier. After three weeks, the lesion on the hind limb healed entirely. However, the tail lesion recurred as it was able to lick the tail again with a type of an E-collar. This case shows that it is essential to block the contact lesion and provide medical treatment until the lesion has been completely resolved for successful management of ALD.

Pharmacological Studies on Aggressive Behavior Induced by Three Different Regional Brain Lesions (서로 다른 뇌 부위 손상으로 인한 공격성에 대한 약물학적 연구)

  • Lee, Soon-Chul;Yamamoto, Tsuneyuki;Ueki, Showa
    • The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 1987
  • The effects of various drugs on muricide and hyperirritability induced by bilateral lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi (NAB) were investigated in comparison with those on aggression induced by midbrain raphe nuclei-lesioned rats (raphe) and olfactory bulbectomized rats (OB). Muricide in NAB, raphe and OB rats were markedly suppressed by atropine. Muricide in NAB and raphe rats were significantly suppressed by L-DOPA, L-5-HTP, but muricide in OB rats was scarcely suppressed by L-DOPA and L-5-HTP. Hyperirritability in NAB, raphe and OB rats were significantly reduced by L-DOPA and haloperidol but not suppressed by atropine. On the other hand, muricide in NAB rats was markedly suppressed by antidepressants, particularily, nomifensine, clomipramine and desipramine. Muricide in raphe rats was markedly inhibited by nomifensine and clomipramine but only slightly inhibited by desipramine. Muricide in OB rats was markedly suppressed by imipramine. Hyperirritability in NAB, raphe and OB rats were slightly suppressed by antidepressants. These results suggested that the pharmacological characteristics of aggression induced by NAB rats resembles that induced by raphe rats, but differs from that induced by OB rats. It is also suggested that employment of different types of experimentally induced muricide in rats can be useful for the evaluation of antidepressants.

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A Trend in Pharmacotherapy for Inpatients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at a Single University Hospital (일 대학병원에서 외상 후 스트레스장애 입원환자의 약물 치료 경향)

  • Min, Jung-Ah;Jung, Young-Eun;Seo, Ho-Jun;Bahk, Won-Myong;Jun, Tae-Youn;Chae, Jeong-Ho
    • Anxiety and mood
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2008
  • Objective : Due to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the relative limitations in the treatment of patients with PTSD, a variety of medications and treatment algorithms for PTSD have been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the trends in the pharmacotherapy used in the treatment of inpatients with PTSD at a single university hospital in Korea. Methods : Data from 75 patients diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM-IV criteria from January 1998 to December 2007 were collected. Demographic data and clinical data, including medications prescribed, were investigated. Results : Thirty-three of the 75 subjects included in this study were male, and 42 were female. Considering psychiatric comorbidity, depressive disorder, cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder and anxiety disorder were reported in order. Approximately 97% of the subjects were treated with antidepressants, including paroxetine in 54.7%, and 24% of the subjects were treated with two different kinds of antidepressants. In addition, atypical antipsychotics were prescribed in 33.3% of patients, mood stabilizers in 17.3%, and anxiolytics in 94.7% of the subjects. Conclusion : In our study, various kinds of antidepressants were prescribed for most patients with PTSD. Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers were added to the treatment regimens of some subjects, and anxiolytics were added to the treatment regimens of most subjects. Despite its many limitations, this study shows the prescription pattern and trends in PTSD treatment in Korea. We hope that these preliminary data would be helpful for the development and integration of a practical guideline for the treatment of PTSD in Korea.

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Cardiac Toxicity in Patients with Antidepressant Intoxication (항우울제 중독환자의 심장독성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jung-Taek;Choi, Se-Min;Oh, Young-Min;Oh, Joo-Suk;Kyoung, Yeon-Young;Cho, Hang-Joo;Choi, Kyoung-Ho
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Although cardiac toxicity is a key parameter of significant toxicity, in antidepressant intoxication, there are few studies on the cardiac toxicity of serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the intoxication with the new generation of antidepressants. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative cardiac toxicity of serotonin reuptake inhibitor and intoxication with the new generation of antidepressants as compared with that of tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 109 antidepressant intoxicated patients who visited the Emergency Department from January, 2005 to December, 2009 to collect and analyze the demographic and clinical data. Sixteen patients were excluded. The enrolled seventy eight patients were classified into three groups: the tricyclic antidepressant group (TCA) (n=32), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor subgroup (SSRI) (n=28) and the new generation antidepressant subgroup (NGA) (n=18). Results: The demographic and clinical data of the SSRI and NGA groups were not significantly different from that of the TCA group. The QRS duration of the SSRI subgroup ($86.4{\pm}12.0$ msec) and the NGA subgroup ($91.8{\pm}11.9$ msec) was not significantly different from that of the TCA group ($90.0{\pm}13.5msec$) (p=0.598). The QTc interval of the SSRI group ($444.5{\pm}33.5msec$) and the NGA group ($434.9{\pm}35.9msec$) (p=0.260) were not significantly different from that of the TCA group ($431.2{\pm}44.1msec$) (p=0.287). Conclusion: Intoxication with SSRI and the new generation antidepressants seemed to show significant cardiac toxicity, like what is seen in tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Clinicians must pay attention to SSRI and new generation antidepressant intoxication.

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Pharmacotherapy for Patients Complaining With Somatic Symptoms (신체증상을 호소하는 환자의 약물치료)

  • Lee, Kyung-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 2021
  • Patients complaining with somatic symptoms are very common in clinical practice, and are often consulted to medical department. But it is difficult to treat well. The treatment of somatic symptom disorder is multi-modal as none of the methods on their own provide a satisfactory outcome. The treatment of somatic symptoms disorders is complicated by lack of boundary, conceptual clarity, and overemphasis on psychosocial causation and effectiveness of psychological treatments. In clinical practice all classes of psychotropics are used to treat somatic symptoms disorder. Drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inibitors(SSRI), serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), atypical antipsychotics are studied. The evidence indicates that these drugs are effective in somatic symptom disorders. All classes of antidepressants seem to be effective against somatic symptom disorders. SSRIs are more effective against hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder, and SNRIs appear to be more effective than other antidepressants when pain is predominant. The author suggest that psychiatrists should know how to treat patients complaining with somatic symptoms by using not only psychotherapeutic approach but also pharmacological treatment. It will be helpful to reduce suffering and increase quality of life of these patients.

Prescription Pattern of 1 Year Clozapine Maintenance and Augmentation Agents in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (조현병 스펙트럼 장애의 1년 유지 치료에서 클로자핀과 병용 치료제의 처방 양상 분석)

  • Kim, Jaewon;Kim, Se Hyun;Jang, Jin-Hyeok;Moon, Sun-Young;Kang, Tae Uk;Kim, Minah;Kwon, Jun Soo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 2021
  • Objectives Clozapine is the most effective atypical antipsychotic agent for the treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), however, only 40%-70% of TRS patients respond to clozapine. Moreover, TRS encompasses various symptom dimensions. Therefore, augmentation with other medications for clozapine is frequently applied. However, the prescription pattern of clozapine and combined medications in Korea is yet to be examined. This study aims to investigate the maintenance treatment pattern of clozapine and augmentation agents in one Korean tertiary hospital. Methods The patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders under clozapine maintenance, defined as one-year clozapine continuation, were subjected for analysis. Medication data at one-year time-point after clozapine initiation was extracted and analyzed. Results Among total 2897 patients having clozapine prescription experience from January 2000 to December 2018, 1011 patients were on clozapine maintenance. The mean age of clozapine initiation was 30.2 ± 11.3 years, and the maintenance dose of clozapine was 217.8 ± 124.3 mg/day. Combination rate of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants were 43.5%, 25.3%, 38.6%, respectively. Most frequently prescribed drugs in each category were aripiprazole, valproate, and sertraline. Olanzapine equivalent dose of combined antipsychotics was 10.4 ± 7.7 mg/day. Male patients were prescribed higher dose of combined antipsychotics and higher rate of antidepressants. Female patients had later onset of clozapine prescription. Patients with two or more combined antipsychotics were prescribed higher dose of clozapine and higher rate of antidepressants compared to patients with one combined antipsychotic. Conclusions Taken together, among the patients taking clozapine, a substantial rate of patients were under polypharmacy. The present findings based on the real-world prescription pattern could provide the valuable clinical information on the treatment of TRS-related conditions.

4-F-PCP, a Novel PCP Analog Ameliorates the Depressive-Like Behavior of Chronic Social Defeat Stress Mice via NMDA Receptor Antagonism

  • Darlene Mae D., Ortiz;Mikyung, Kim;Hyun Jun, Lee;Chrislean Jun, Botanas;Raly James Perez, Custodio;Leandro, Val Sayson;Nicole, Bon Campomayor;Chaeyeon, Lee;Yong Sup, Lee;Jae Hoon, Cheong;Hee Jin, Kim
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.227-239
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    • 2023
  • Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability in more than 280 million people worldwide. Monoamine-based antidepressants are currently used to treat depression, but delays in treatment effects and lack of responses are major reasons for the need to develop faster and more efficient antidepressants. Studies show that ketamine (KET), a PCP analog, produces antidepressant effects within a few hours of administration that lasts up to a week. However, the use of KET has raised concerns about side effects, as well as the risk of abuse. 4 -F-PCP analog is a novel PCP analog that is also an NMDA receptor antagonist, structurally similar to KET, and might potentially elicit similar antidepressant effects, however, there has been no study on this subject yet. Herein, we investigate whether 4-F-PCP displays antidepressant effects and explored their potential therapeutic mechanisms. 4-F-PCP at 3 and 10 mg/kg doses showed antidepressant-like effects and repeated treatments maintained its effects. Furthermore, treatment with 4-F-PCP rescued the decreased expression of proteins most likely involved in depression and synaptic plasticity. Changes in the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT2, EAAT3, EAAT4) were also seen following drug treatment. Lastly, we assessed the possible side effects of 4-F-PCP after long-term treatment (up to 21 days). Results show that 4-F-PCP at 3 mg/kg dose did not alter the cognitive function of mice. Overall, current findings provide significant implications for future research not only with PCP analogs but also on the next generation of different types of antidepressants.

Ketamine as a Rapid-Acting Antidepressant (케타민의 빠른 항우울효과)

  • Oh, Daeyoung
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.29-30
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    • 2013
  • First-line therapy of depression is a pharmacological treatment. Many prescribed antidepressants modulate monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. Recently, Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has received attention and has been investigated for clinical trials and neurobiological studies. Here, I introduce ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant.

METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL DRUG ACTIONS

  • Burks, Thomas F.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1994.04a
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    • pp.113-125
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    • 1994
  • Many types of drugs affect functions of tile gastrointestinal tract. Investigators may be interested in discovery or pharmacological characterization of drugs as therapeutic agents intended for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders or in identification of gastrointestinal side effects of drugs intended for non-gastrointestinal indications. Examples of drug categories often associated with significant gastrointestinal side effects include cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics (erythromycin in particular), anti-inflammatory drugs, antiemetics, analgesics (especially opiates), antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Whether tile objective is development of gastrointestinal therapeutic agents or evaluation of gastrointestinal side effects, appropriate laboratory models for experimentation are essential.

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