• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1994

In this study, we investigeated the anticarcinogenicity of various types and ages of ginseng extracts as an extended study using Yun's anticarcinogenicity test. Fresh ginseng at 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years was dried and powdered. And white ginseng was processed in the same way that of fresh ginseng after removal fo the ginseng cortex and fine root. For red ginsneg, fresh ginseng was steamed and dried. Each ginseng powder was extracted and extracts was freeze dried. Newborn N:GP(S) mice were given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg of benzo(a)pyrene(BP). Various types and ages of ginseng extracts at 2.5mg/ml were orally administered. All the mice were sacrificed at the 9th week. The following results were obtained. In the dried fresh ginseng extract treated group, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP was 63.9% and its incidence was reduced to 48.3%, 52.5%, 51.8%, 47.5% and 44.1% after co-treatment with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, respectively. The incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP on the white ginseng extract treated group was 41.3% and decreased to 31.0%, 46.0%, 44.0% and 26.5% after co-treatment with 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-white ginseng, respectively. In the red ginseng extract treated group, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP was 47.5% and its incidence diminished to 40.7%, 35.0%, 30.1%, 30.0% and 26.3% after co-treatment with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng, respectively. From the above results, we concluded that a statistically significant anticarcinogenic effect was observed in extracts of 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, 6 year-white ginseng, and 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng and it is suggested that the anticarcinogenicity of ginseng varies according to the types and ages Key words Ginseng extract, types and ages. anticarcinogenic, newborn mice, lung tumor.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1994

The authors have already shown that 6 year old red ginseng extract or its powder has remarkable anticarcinogenic effects. In this study, we further investigated whether fresh ginseng or white ginseng has similar anticarcinogenic effects and also if their anticarcinogenic effects are related to the types and ages of ginseng using Yun's anticarcinogenicity test (9 week medium term bioassay model). Dried fresh ginseng and red ginseng at 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years, and while ginseng at 3, 4, 5 and 6 years were used. The following results were obtained: 1) In the dried fresh ginseng treated groups, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by benzo(a)pyrene was 41.39) and its incidence was reduced to 31.2%, 30.0%, 31.3%, 30.7% and 27.8% after co-treatment with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, respectively. A significant effect was observed only in 6 Year-dried fresh ginseng. 2) In the white ginseng treated groups, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by benzo(a)pyrene was 45.0% and its incidence decreased to 41.3%, 38.0%, 31.6%, and 25.3% after co-treatment with 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-white ginseng, respectively. Five and 6 year-ginsengs showed significant inhibition of lung adenoma. 3) In the red ginseng treated groups, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by benzo(a) pyrene was 48.6% and its incidence diminished to 37.9%, 41.7%, 31.7%, 28.3% and 25.5% after co-treat-melt with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng, respectively. In 4, 5 and 6 year-ginsengs, the anticarcinogenic effect was prominent. From the above results, we concluded that a significant anticarcinogenic effect was observed in 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, 5 and 6 year-white ginsengs, and 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginsengs.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.105-105
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• 2003

Cancer has been important cause of human mortality. It was known that about one third of all deaths from cancer may be ascribed to diet habits. To identify food and drinks which could protect against cancer is important. Antimutagenicity and anticarcinogenicity of dietary components are being studied extensively.(omitted)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.986-993
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• 2002

항암성과 향미가 개선된 기능성 재래식 버섯균사체메주는 버섯균을 액체배양하여 재래식메주의 각 면에 5개씩 만든 구멍(1X3 cm)에 버섯균배양액을 메주 무게의 10%를 접종한후 $25^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 배양하여 제조하였다. 제조한 버섯균사체 메주 중 상황, 영지, 또는 신령버섯균사체메주가 항암성과 향미완화능이 우수하였다.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.17-18
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• 2001

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer has been the most highly recognized medicinal herb in the Orient. The prolonged administration of red ginseng extract significantly inhibited the incidence of hepatoma and also proliferation of pulmonary tumors induced by aflatoxin B$_1$and urethane. Statistically significant anticarcinogenic effects were observed in powders and extract of 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, 5 and 6 year-white ginseng and 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng by 9 week medium-term anticarcinogenicity test using benzo［a］pyrene (Yun's model).(omitted)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 1999

Free radicals formed during the metabolism of environmental chemicals are known to induce mutagenicity, while different types of antioxidants suppress this event. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of soybean saponins, and to examine the relationship between these two effects for the elucidation of mechanisms involved in the anticarcinogenicity of soybean saponins. Also, antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of soybean saponins were compared with those of kinown antioxidants. For the measurement of antioxidative capacity, soybean saponins, L-ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocophoerol, and BHT at concentrations between 005 and 1.0mg/ml were tested for their ability to donate hydrogens and to reduce the formation of thiobarbituric substances(TBARS). Antimutagenic activity was examined using the Ames salmonella test system at concentrations of 600, 900 or 1200ug/ml. Study results showed soybean saponins and all of the other antioxidants tested possessed dose-dependent antioxidative activities. The ability of hydrogen-donation to DPPH was in the order of L-ascorbic acid>$\alpha$-tocopherol=>BHT>soybean saponins. TBARS formation was also inhibited by these compounds, in the order of BHT>$\alpha$-tocopherol=L-ascorbic acid>soybean saponins. Soybean saponins and other antioxidants also showed antimutagenicity in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, soybean saponins and BHT were excellent antioxidants compounds, inhibiting near 80% of the mutagenic effects at a concentration of 1200ug/ml. The correlation coefficients between antioxidative capacity and antimutagenicity for each compund was statistically significant at p<0.05. These results indicate that soybean saponins possess antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities. Also, antimutagenicity of saponins and other antioxidats is partly due to their antioxidative activities.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.972-977
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• 1997

Conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid(CLA) are a series of positional and gemotric isomers of linoleic acid which are found naturally in food, mainly dietary products and breef. We studied the effects of CLA on the growth of tumor cells and the production of interleukin-1(IL-1) and interleukin-2(IL-2). CLA treatment markedly inhibited the growth of Yac-1 cells and sarcoma-180 cells by 99 and 82% to that of control, respectively, after four days of incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$. To elucidate the immunological mechanism of antitumor activity of CLA, spleen cells of Balb/c mouse were exposed to 31, 63, 125, 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of CLA per ml for 24 hrs at 37$^{\circ}C$. The culture supernatants of CLA-exposed spleen cells reduced the production of IL-1 and IL-2 in all of the test conditions. These results indicate that the anticarcino-genic effect of CLA was mediated by the other actions rather than the production of the Il-1 or IL-2. We suggest that CLA might have an antiinflammatory effect in part due to its inhibitory action on the production of IL-1.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2004

한국산 배과피의 기능성 원료로서의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 폴리페놀 성분을 분획하여 그 생리활성 및 암세포증식능에 대하여 살펴보았다. 전자공여능에서는 50 ppm에서 분획물 II, III에서 80% 이상으로 나타났으며 SOD 유사능은 분획물 II, III의 500 ppm군에서 50-60%의 효과가 인정되었다. 통풍과 관련있는 xanthin oxidase 실험에서는 분획물 I의 저해 효과는 미미하였으나 II와 III에서는 50 ppm에서도 80%에 이르는 높은 저해효과가 관찰되었으며, 유선암세포(MDA) 생육억제 실험에서는 분획물 II보다 III가 높은 증식억제능을, 2,000 ppm에서는 약 60%의 억제능을 나타내었고, 전립선암(PC-3)의 세포억제효과에서는 III보다 II에서 오히려 억제 효과가 높았고, 500 ppm에서 약 23%의 억제효과가 관찰되어 한국산 배과피의 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2014

Spirogyra neglecta, a freshwater green alga, is a local food in the northern and northeastern parts of Thailand. This investigation explored the anticarcinogenicity of S neglecta and its possible cancer chemopreventive mechanisms in rats divided into 14 groups. Groups 1 and 10 served as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Groups 1-9 were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) once a week for 3 weeks. Groups 10-14 received normal saline instead. One week after the last DEN injection, groups 2-5 were administered for 9 consecutive weeks various doses of S neglecta extract (SNE) and dried S neglecta (SND), mixed with basal diet. Groups 6-9 and 11-14 similarly were administered various doses of SNE and SND starting from the first week of the experiment. Administration of SNE and SND was not associated with formation of glutathione-Stransferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in rat liver. SNE and SND during initiation phase significantly reduced the number of GST-P positive foci in rats injected with DEN. The number of GST-P also diminished in groups treated with SNE and SND after injection with DEN, except for the low dose extract group. SNE showed stronger anticarcinogenic potency than SND. Furthermore, SNE also decreased the number of Ki-67 positive cells. However, the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in the liver of the SNE-treated groups were not statistically different from the controls. The GST activity in 50 mg/kg bw of SNE and 1% of SND groups was significantly increased as compared to the positive control. In conclusion, Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) K$\ddot{u}$tzing showed cancer chemopreventive properties at the early stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Possible inhibitory mechanisms include enhancement of the activities of some detoxifying enzymes and/or suppression of precancerous cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2017

A variety of xenobiotic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl- and heterocyclic amines and tobacco related nitrosamines, are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens and are required to be activated to chemically reactive metabolites by xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP), in order to initiate cell transformation. Of various human P450 enzymes determined to date, CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A13, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4 are reported to play critical roles in the bioactivation of these carcinogenic chemicals. In vivo studies have shown that disruption of Cyp1b1 and Cyp2a5 genes in mice resulted in suppression of tumor formation caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, respectively. In addition, specific inhibitors for CYP1 and 2A enzymes are able to suppress tumor formation caused by several carcinogens in experimental animals in vivo, when these inhibitors are applied before or just after the administration of carcinogens. In this review, we describe recent progress, including our own studies done during past decade, on the nature of inhibitors of human CYP1 and CYP2A enzymes that have been shown to activate carcinogenic PAHs and tobacco-related nitrosamines, respectively, in humans. The inhibitors considered here include a variety of carcinogenic and/or non-carcinogenic PAHs and acethylenic PAHs, many flavonoid derivatives, derivatives of naphthalene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, and pyrene and chemopreventive organoselenium compounds, such as benzyl selenocyanate and benzyl selenocyanate; o-XSC, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate.