• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2023

Purpose: Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of severe infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, developing an adequate immune response after vaccination is difficult, especially in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. Since the long-term effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine are unclear, the humoral immune response 5 months after the two vaccinations in patients with hematological disorders was analyzed. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 96 patients vaccinated twice with BNT162b2 and treated with at least one line of an antitumor or immunosuppressive drug in our hospital from November 2021 to February 2022. Serum anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) antibody titers were analyzed. Patients were age- and sex-matched using propensity matching and compared with a healthy control group. Patients with serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were defined as 'responder' if >50 U/mL. The patients had B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, etc. Results: Patients had significantly low antibody levels (median, 55.3 U/mL vs. 809.8 U/mL; p<0.001) and a significantly low response rate (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with B-NHL, aged >72 years, were associated with a low response to vaccination. There were no significant differences between patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and healthy controls. Conclusion: Our study shows that patients with hematological disorders are at risk of developing severe COVID-19 infections because of low responsiveness to vaccination. Moreover, the rate of antibody positivity differed between the disease groups. Further studies are warranted to determine an appropriate preventive method for these patients, especially those with B-NHL.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.418-426
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• 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is one of the promising anticancer treatments. It shows a high overall response rate with complete response to blood cancer. However, there is a limitation to solid tumor treatment. Additionally, this currently approved therapy exhibits side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Alternatively, bispecific antibody is an innovative therapeutic tool that simultaneously engages specific immune cells to disease-related target cells. Since programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule highly expressed in some cancer cells, in the current study, we generated αCD3xαPD-L1 bispecific antibody (BiTE) which can engage T cells to PD-L1⁺ cancer cells. We observed that the BiTE-bound OT-1 T cells effectively killed cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. They substantially increased the recruitment of effector memory CD8⁺ T cells having CD8⁺CD44⁺CD62L^low phenotype in tumor. Interestingly, we also observed that BiTE-bound polyclonal T cells showed highly efficacious tumor killing activity in vivo in comparison with the direct intravenous treatment of bispecific antibody, suggesting that PD-L1-directed migration and engagement of activated T cells might increase cancer cell killing. Additionally, BiTE-bound CAR-T cells which targets human Her-2/neu exhibited enhanced killing effect on Her-2-expressing cancer cells in vivo, suggesting that this could be a novel therapeutic regimen. Collectively, our results suggested that engaging activated T cells with cancer cells using αCD3xαPD-L1 BiTE could be an innovative next generation anticancer therapy which exerts simultaneous inhibitory functions on PD-L1 as well as increasing the infiltration of activated T cells having effector memory phenotype in tumor site.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1995

In order to investigate the Anti-stress effect of Guibiondamtang in the immobilization stressed rats, the level of serum catecholamine, the change of body weight, the humoral and cellular immune response were studied. The results were as follows; 1. The decrese of the body weight was significantly inhibited in test group for Guibiondamtang, comparting to the control group. 2. The increase of the level of serum norepinephrine was significantly inhibited in test group, comparing to the control group. 3. The increase of the level of serum epinephrine was significantly inhibited in test group, comparing to the control group. 4. In the hemagglutinaton titer, the control group was decreased on the serum antibody titer but test group was inhibitory effect on the decrease of sereum antibody titer. 5. In the plaque formation test, the control and test group were not shown significant differences. 6. In the foot pad swelling respopnse, the control group was decreased on DTH response but test group was increased comparing to the normal group. 7. There was no change on the distribution of lymphocyte subset(CD4, CD8), grnulocyte and macrophage analyzed by flow cytometry.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1989

The humoral immune response of Eicosapentanoic acid(EPA) was investigated in mice. ICR male mice were divided into 8 groups and received intraperitoneal injection of EPA(5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Cyclophosphamide(5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 2 days prior to secondary immunization. Humoral immune response was evaluated by antibody titer, hypersensitivity to SRBC (Arthus), plaque forming cell(PFC) and organ weight. The ontanined results were as followings: The increased rate of body weight, the ratio of liver weight, spleen weight to body weight were decreased by all EPA administration groups as compared to normal group. HA titer, HY titer and Arthus reaction were enhanced according to the increase of EPA doses as compared to normal group. PFC was significantly enhanced by EPA 10 mg administration group. These results suggest that EPA enhances humoral immune response to SRBC in mice, indicating that EPA may block a immunoglobulin synthesis inhibition of arachidonic acid.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.379-381
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• 1992

Phellinus linteus was examined on its immunostimulating activities using an in vitro imunization and plaque forming cell assay. When lymphocytes were exposed to the extract of Phellinus linteus, the number of antibody forming cell was increased. In in vitro plaque forming cell assay, the immunostimulating effect was about 4.8 and 5.0 times of unimmunized control in polyconal and T-independent antibody response, respectively. Especially, Phellinus linteus significantly increased the antigenicity of TNP-LPS used as T-independent antigen. But Phellinus linteus did now show a mitogenic effect on B-lymphcytes. These results suggest that immunostimulating activity of Phillinus lintues might be associated with a functional stimulation of B-lympohocyte involved in humoral immune response.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2008

To examine humoral immune responses in the host, we measured serum antibody levels in different strains of mice (ICR, BALB/c, and C3H) experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. Specific IgG antibody levels were increased remarkably with little difference among 3 strains of mice infected with N. seoulense from day 7 to 35 post-infection. More target proteins of adult parasites reacted with IgG at the time when the worm recovery decreased compared with other times. More than 20 protein bands, from 14 kDa to 94 kDa in size, were separated from the crude antigen of N. seoulense adults by SDS-PAGE, and among them 26, 30, 35, 43, 54, 67, and 94 kDa proteins were the major antigenic proteins. The results suggest that significant IgG antibody responses occur against N. seoulense in mice and this may be related with expulsion of worms.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.420-426
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• 1999

한국 양식산업에서 중요한 어종인 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 포르말린으로 처리한 E. tarda를 항원으로 하였을 때의 면역반응 분석을 위하여 ELISPOT 기법을 적정화시킨 후 넙치의 각 장기에 있는 총 항체생성세포와 특이 항체생성세포를 계수하는데 응용하고자 하였다. 전신과 비장의 항체생성세포를 2.5시간 이상 96 well plate에 배양하면 충분히 분석이 가능하였다. 그러나 총 또는 특이 항체생성세포 분석을 위하여 과량의 토끼 항 넙치 면역글로불린 또는 E. tarda 항원을 plate에 coating하는 것은 오히려 ELISPOT법의 감도를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. ELISPOT법의 특이성은 단백질 합성 억제제인 cycloheximide를 처리한 임파세포에서 총 항체생성세포가 발견되지 않는 것으로서 입증할 수 있었다. 특이 항체생성세포 수의 최대치는 면역 3주째에 나타났으며 이후 계속 빠르게 감소하여 7주째는 거의 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 반응은 신장과 비장에서 유사하게 나타나 임파장기에 따른 차이점은 발견할 수 없었다. 면역 후 2주와 3주 사이에 혈청내 특이 항체량 또한 빠르게 증가하여 ELISPOT법으로 분석된 특이 항체생성세포 수의 변화와 일치함을 발견할 수 있었다. 그러나 증가된 혈청내 특이 항체량이 면역 5주부터 실험 종료 시점까지 계속 높은 수준으로 유지되고 있는 것은 급격한 감소를 보이는 특이 항체생성세포의 동력학적 변화와는 명확히 구별되는 점이었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2010

Background: A crucial limitation of DNA vaccines is its weak immunogenicity, especially in terms of eliciting antibody responses in non-human primates or humans; therefore, it is essential to enhance immune responses to vaccination for the development of successful DNA vaccines for humans. Methods: Here, we approached this issue by evaluating interleukin-7 (IL-7) as a genetic adjuvant in cynomolgus monkeys immunized with multigenic HCV DNA vaccine. Results: Codelivery of human IL-7 (hIL-7)-encoding DNA appeared to increase DNA vaccine-induced antibody responses specific for HCV E2 protein, which plays a critical role in protecting from HCV infection. HCV-specific T cell responses were also significantly enhanced by codelivery of hIL-7 DNA. Interestingly, the augmentation of T cell responses by codelivery of hIL-7 DNA was shown to be due to the enhancement of both the breadth and magnitude of immune responses against dominant and subdominant epitopes. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that the hIL-7-expressing plasmid serves as a promising vaccine adjuvant capable of eliciting enhanced vaccine-induced antibody and broad T cell responses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1164-1169
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• 2001

A five-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic chromium from different sources on growth performance, immune response and serum parameters of weaned pigs. One hundred and eighty Tianjin white pigs weaned at $35{\pm}1$ days of age, were allotted to three treatments with six replicates and10 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed corn-soybean-whey-fishmeal basal diets with either no supplemental Cr, $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium picolinate (CrPi), or $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium yeast (Cr-yeast). To assess humoral immune response, all pigs were immunized with swine fever virus on day 21 and two pigs from each pen were immunized with pure albumin on day 14. Cell-mediated immunity was measured by determining the double skinfold thickness (DST) of two pigs from each pen before and 24h after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on day 28. The results indicated that: (1) diets with Cr-yeast increased average daily gain (ADG, p<0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (ADFI, p<0.10). Diets with CrPi did not increase ADG and ADFI (p>0.05). (2) Dietary CrPi or Cr-yeast supplementation did not affect blood urea nitrogen, glucose, or cholesterol (p>0.05), but blood urea nitrogen in CrPi and Cr-yeast supplemented groups and blood glucose in the Cr-yeast supplemented group were significantly influenced by sampling days (p<0.05). (3) Serum proteins (TP, ALB, and GLB) were influenced by sampling days (p<0.05), but not by dietary Cr treatment (p>0.10). (4) There were no significant differences among treatments in the titers of albumin antibody and swine fever virus antibody (p>0.05) or DST before and after PHA stimulation (p>0.05), indicating that organic chromium has no significant effect on the immune function of weaning pigs. Therefore, these results agree with other research that the effects of supplemental Cr are variable in weanling pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2015

Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (L-LPS) has shown potency in activating toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in pig fibroblasts (PEFs_NCC1), and causes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the stimulation by L-LPS was weak eliciting the function of TLR2 sufficiently in pig innate immunity responses during Leptospira infection. In this study, the immune response of pig embryonic fibroblast cell line (PEFs_SV40) was investigated and was found to be the high immune response, thus TLR2 is the predominate receptor of L-LPS in pig cells. Further, we found a strategy using the antibody against L-LPS, to prevent L-LPS interaction with TLR2 in pig cells which could impact on immune activation.