• BioChip Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2018

Bacillus cereus can cause blood infections (i.e., sepsis). Its early detection is very important for treating patients. However, an antibody with high binding affinity to B. cereus is not currently available. Bacteriophage cell wall-binding domain (CBD) has strong and specific binding affinity to B. cereus. Here, we report the improvement in the sensitivity of an ATP bioluminescence assay for B. cereus detection using CBD-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (CBD-MNPs). The assay was able to detect as few as 10 colony forming units (CFU) per mL and $10^3CFU\;per\;mL$ in buffer and blood. CBD-MNPs did not show any cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the ATP assay for the detection of B. cereus.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 1991

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of glycyrrhizin(GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) on histamine synthesis, lymphocyte blastogenesis in C57BL/6J mice splenocytes, IL-1 production, $Ca^{2+}$ uptake by macrophage-like P388D$_{1}$ cells and plaque forming cell assay against SRBC. Histamine contents, lymphocyte blastogenesis, IL-1 activity, $Ca^{2+}$ uptake and plaque forming cell were determined by enzyme isotope method, [sup 3/H]-thymidine incorporation, C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes proliferation, the addition of 5 $\mu$Ci/ml $^{45}$Ca$^{2+}$ to P388D$_{1}$, cell suspension and assay to sheep red blood cell, respectively. Cytotoxicity, which was expressed as 50% mortality, was occurred by the addition of GL(10$^{-3}$M) and GA(10$^{-4}$M). Histamine production in mouse spleen cell culture was significantly increased by the addition of 0.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Con A, after 48 hour incubation. Con A dependent T-lymphocyte proliferation was also enhanced by the addition of 0.25 .mu.g/ml of Con A. The effects of GL on histamine contents and T-lymphocyte proliferation were significantly decreased at high dose (10$^{-5}$M), while IL-1 activity was remarkably suppressed by 10$^{-8}$~10$^{-4}$M of GL. $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was not changed, but antibody production was increased by GL(10 mg/kg). GA inhibited histamine contents at 10$^{-9}$~10$^{-7}$ and depressed Con A (0.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) dependent T-lymphocyte proliferation at 10$^{-7}$~10$^{-5}$M of GA, but increased suboptimal dose (Con A 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) at 10$^{-9}$~10$^{-7}$M of GA. IL-1 activity was suppressed by 10$^{-8}$~10$^{-4}$M of GA and $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was enhanced by 10$^{-9}$~10$^{-6}$ of GA, but antibody production was not changed by GA. From the above results, it is suggested that GL and GA have immuno-regulatory action. GL decreased cell-mediated immune response, and increased humoral immune response at high dose. On the other hand, low dose of GA enhanced cell-mediated immune response, while high doses of GA decreased humoral immune reaction.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.9-19
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• 1988

The effect of rancid perilla oil on the immune response in mice was studied. ICR male mice were divided into 5 groups and were fed on the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cell. Immune responses were evaluated by antibody production, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette forming cell and macrophage activity. Biochemical items were measured by serum protein and serum albumin. The weight of spleen, thymus and liver were measured. The rancid perilla oil diets decreased humoral and cellular immune responses, the number of peripheral circulating white blood cells and total protein and serum albumin. These results showed that the high rancid perilla oil diet decreased more humoral and cellular immune response, the number of peripheral circulating white blood cells, and total protein and serum albumin than the low rancid perilla oil diet did.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.208-218
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• 1998

To clarify the activating effects of Buthus martensi Karsch on immunological function, its effect on primary and secondary antibodies production in mice of various ages was investigated. Buthus martensi Karsch increased the number of both antibody producing cells(anti-IgM and anti-IgG producing plaque forming cells, PFC) and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage. Futhermore, these phenomena were significantly increased with aging in mice. Buthus martensi Karsch also increased natural killer cell activity concerning to cancer immunology. These results suggest that Buthus martensi Karsch markedly increases the reduced activity in the elderly and activates the immune response in senescence mice.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3_4
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• pp.37-45
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• 1990

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the influences of cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine on the immune response. Immune response were evaluated by antibody, Arthus reaction (Arthus), delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), rosette forming cell (RFC), phagocyte activity and whit( blood cell (WBC) in mice, sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The weight of liver, spleen and thymus were measured. Following results obtained in this experiment. 1) The administration of cimetidine as compared to normal group significantly decreased Arthus, Hemagglutinin titer (HA), RFC, DTH, WBC and phagocyte activity, but increased the activity of serum albumin. 2) The administration of ranitidine as compared to normal group decreased RFC and HA. 3) The administration of Famotidine as compared to normal group decreased DTH and RFC, and significantly decreased HA, Arthus and serum protein. 4) The administration of ranitidine and famotidine decreased more humoral immune response than cellular immune response, but the administration of cimetidine significantly decreased humoral and cellular immune response, WBC and phagocyte activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 1987

The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on the immune status in normal male were evaluated. They exhibited significant decrease in the circulating leukocyte counts. Relative spleen and thymus weights were slightly decreased, but not stratistically significant. These were, however, significant liver hypertrophies in theier exposed mice. Splenic IgM PFCs per one million cells in 1/20 LD50 BHA and BHT exposed mice were significantly reduced IgM PFCs per spleen were similar tothose of control, except in 1/20 LD50 BHA exposed mice, where they were significantly suppressed. The precise nature of the inhibition is not clear. Direct cytotoxicity is not responsible for the depressed antibody response, even following relatively high doses of them, because the changes in spleen cellularity are not significant. Both substances, however, did not show any effects on the arthus reaction and delayed hypersensitivity reaction induced by heat aggreagted bovine serum albumin, and in vivo phagocytosis of colloidal carbon. In the light of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, may be sensitive to BHA of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, amy be sensitie to BHA and BHT. Further elucidation of the precise nature of antibody suppression in their exposed mice, is warranted.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1995

Several populations of lymphocytes possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitter, which make lymphocytes susceptible to autonomic stimulation. This study was to evaluate the functional alternation of effector cells of the immune system. Female Balb/C mice, 15-20 g, were injected with MA subcutaneously under various conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed certain T cell subsets were affected by MA. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was inhibited due to a defect in expression of the IL-2 receptor. In mice injected with 20 mg MA/kg, 1 day before assay, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages showed $14.07\pm3%$, which was similar degree to 5 mg MA/kg treatment for 4 consecutive days. Phagocytosis was almost recovered to that of control after 4 day in 20 mg/kg injected mice. Maximum inhibition of plaque forming cell (PFC) occurred when MA was given early, indicating the inductive time point of antibody production was affected. The cortisol level increased in the MA treated group (0.05, 0.20, and $0.08{\mu}g$/dl for control, low, and high dose-MA treated mice, respectively). Based on these results, MA has general suppression effects on the immune systems by functional alteration of effector cells. Considering the increment of serum cortisol levels, MA partially impacts the neuroendocrine system to lead to failure of immune response.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to test the effects of Daturae Flos(DF) and Daturae Semen(DS) on the cellular and humoral immune responses, and the functions of the cells involved in immunoinflammation. Both extracts decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase, and the decrease was greater in the mouse group which was treated with DS. Both extracts decreased the phagocytic activity as measured by assessing the number of the latex particle within the phagocyte after incubation of peritoneal macrophages with fluorochrome-labelled latex particle and decreased natural killer cell activity as measured by enumerating the viable YAC-1 cells after treatment of target cells with splenic natural killer cells. Both extracts also decreased the cell-mediated immunity in vivo as assessed by measuring the ear thickness after sensitization and challenge with dinitrofluorobenzene, however, had no effects on the humoral immune responses as measured by checking hemolysin and hemagglutinin titers after immunization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC). Extracts of Semen caused decrease in the number of rosette forming cells between the splenic cells and SRBC. The results of this study suggested that both Daturae extracts could depress the immunoinflammation by affecting the various cell types involved in inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.525-530
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• 1989

In order to enumerate the T-lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by E rosette assay, KGRBC were treated with various concentrations of 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide(AET) and dextran(Dex), singly or in combination. To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET- and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell(RFC) counts were determined. The levels of B-lymphocytes in the PBL were evaluated by erythzocyte-antibody($EA_{Fc}$)- and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC)-rosetting techniques. The results obtained were as follows; The PBL from 20 clinically normal Korean cattle were formed as low percentage of spontaneous E-rosette ($6.7{\pm}2.4%$) in control group, whereas in KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 minutes and 8% Dex were formed as $37.3{\pm}2.7%$ and $45.1{\pm}2.1%$, respectively. And the synergistic effects were noted no less than $66.5{\pm}5.6%$ when the KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET and 8% Dex subsequently and rate of RFR did not change significantly between 3~24 hours incubation time at $4^{\circ}C$, EA-and EAC-RFR were $23.3{\pm}9.1%$ and $23.1{\pm}7.9%$, respectively. These results suggest that the KGRBC would be a useful agent for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes by E rosette assay and B-lymphocytes by EA- or EAC-rosette assay in cattle-PBL.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2008

Procaspase-8 is activated by forming a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) with the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and the Fas receptor, but the mechanism of its activation is not well understood. Procaspase-8 devoid of the death effector domain at its N-terminus (${\Delta}nprocaspase-8$) was reported to be activated by kosmotropic salts, but it has not been induced to form a DISC in vitro because it cannot interact with FADD. Here, we report the production of full-length procaspase-8 and show that it is activated by adding the Fas death domain (Fas-DD) and the FADD forming the cytoplasmic part of the DISC (cDISC). Furthermore, mutations known to affect DISC formation in vivo were shown to have the same effect on procaspase-8 activation in vitro. An antibody that induces Fas-DD association enhanced procaspase-8 activation, suggesting that the Fas ligand is not required for low-level activation of procaspase-8, but that Fas receptor clustering is needed for high-level activation of procaspase-8 leading to cell death. In vitro activation of procaspase-8 by forming a cDISC will be invaluable for investigating activation of ligand-mediated apoptosis and the numerous interactions affecting procaspase-8 activation.