• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2009

항생제 대체물질로서 양돈용 생균제를 개발하기 위하여, 돼지의 소장 및 대장으로부터 500균주의 미생물을 분리하였으며, 항균물질인 박테리오신을 생산하는 5균주를 최종적으로 선발하였다. 선발균주들은 모두 Lactobacillus 속으로 동정되었으며, 생균제를 개발할 목적으로 상기 균주 중 Lactobacillus sp. HN 235 균주에 대한 균주 및 박테리오신 특성을 조사하였다. HN 235 균주의 성장시간에 따른 생균수 및 항균활성을 측정한 결과, 18시간째 최대 $3.5{\times}10^9\;cfu/mL$까지 성장하였으며, 항균활성은 유도기에 나타나기 시작하여 정체기에 6,400 AU/mL로 최고의 활성을 보이다가 급격하게 활성을 상실하였다. HN 235 균주가 생산하는 박테리오신은 병원성 균주로 알려진 L. monocytogenes와 Cl. perfringens에 대하여 강한 항균능력을 나타냈으며, 상기 박테리오신의 항균활성은 단백질 분해효소 처리시 활성을 상실하였다. 또한 $95^{\circ}C$에서도 활성을 유지하였으며, pH 2~10 범위 및 유기용매에 대해서도 비교적 안정한 항균활성을 나타내었다. SDS-PAGE를 실시하여 분자량을 측정한 결과, 대략 5 kDa으로 확인되었다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.802-812
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of natural incense on the preservation of paper- and textile-based remains and the kinds and applications of natural anti-insect incense by reviewing relevant literatures of the ancient times. There are few ancient literatures of incense published in Korea. The researcher deducted how incense was used in this nation through reviewing verses contained in ancient literatures and medical books. In contrast, the kinds and applications of anti-insect incense used in China, where incense culture prospered, were investigated here through reviewing technical books about incense published during the Song(宋) and Ming(明) periods, $\ll$Incense record(香譜)$\gg$, $\ll$Chen's Incense record(陳氏香譜)$\gg$ and $\ll$Incense record(香乘)$\gg$. There were several methods of keeping clothes better from insects. In relation, how to use anti-insect incense varied in accordance with main materials of clothes, paper, textile, leather and others. Cymbopogon dstans(芸香), Brassica rapu var and Incarvillea sinensis(角蒿) are anti-insect incense which were used for paper. Anti-insect incense for textiles is classified into single and mixed incenses depending on whether only one kind of incense was used or more than seven kinds of the substance. Acori rhizoma(菖蒲), Capsella bursa-pastoris(薺菜花), Lactuca sativa L., Erigeron canadensis(莽草), Stemona japonica(百部) and Moschus sifanicus(麝香) are single anti-insect incense which were used for textile. While, the latter was called. ‘Yi Xiang(衣香)’ is mixed anti-insect incense which was used for textile. Artemisia asiatica(艾葉) and Zanthoxylum schinifolium(花椒) are anti-insect incense which were used for leather. Angelica dahurica(芳香) and Bamboo are anti-insect incense which were used for others. There were three main methods of using incense to prevent insects, that is, diffusing incense's strong scent and ingredients, exposing to smokes from burnt incense and washing with incense-boiled water. Diffusing incenses had a strong scent and antibiotic ingredients, which were put between books or clothes or into a storage box without being processed. If necessary, however, they were processed into rough powders that were in turn used singly, or otherwise mixed for a stronger scent and better insect elimination. Exposing to smokes from burnt incense was done as follows. A clothes was put on 'Long(籠)' underneath which there was a boiling water. The clothes was humidified by the water and then exposed to smokes from burnt incense. 'Long(籠)' had been long used since it was manufactured in the QinHan(秦漢) period for the first time. A local literature, $\ll$Koryo TuGing(高麗圖經)$\gg$ shows that in the Koryo(高麗) period, BoShaLu(博山爐) were used as a means of exposing clothes to smokes to prevent moths, similarly to China. Washing clothes with incense-boiled water was more effective in removing lots of worms and germs from clothes, but leaving the scent and ingredients of the used incense and maintaining the effect of anti-insect.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the factors affecting the spread of odontogenic infection. Furthermore, this study was performed to apply to future treatments. Methods: A total of 65 patients, who had received treatment for odontogenic infections from 2010 to 2012 for 3 years, were enrolled in this study. The causes of infection, presence of systemic disease, and complications, durations of treatment, treatment methods, and inflammation levels were compared with the data. Results: Patients over 70 years with systemic disease required immediate drainage, systemic antibiotic therapy and hospitalization. We can determine the direction of the early diagnosis and treatment through blood tests (white blood cells, neutrophil, C-reactive protein [CRP]) and computed tomography. Patients over 70 years with systemic disease had the highest percentage. In addition, these patients showed high levels of inflammation index, such as CRP average of 24.8 and needed for a long-term treatment period and a wide range of surgical incision & drainage several times. Systemic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension, accelerate the spread of infection and had a negative effect that delays healing. Eventually, five of the 65 patients showed serious systemic complications. Conclusion: When evaluating cervico-facial infected patients due to odontogenic infection, the most important thing is deciding the appropriate diagnosis and degree of disease. Considering the patient's systemic status and age, we need to decide the treatment plan. Especially, those patients over 70 years with systemic disease should be treated with rapid surgical approach, and the use of a wide range of antibiotics and intensive care. If proper treatment principle does not apply, severe life-threatening complications will result, such as necrotizing fascitis, acute airway obstruction, mediastinitis, and others.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.415-428
• /
• 2002

Periodontal disease is a complex infectious disease caused by bacteria in the oral mucosa, which results in gingival inflammation, breakdown of periodontal tissues, bone resorption, and finally tooth loss. Mechanical plaque control methods-scaling and root planing are effective methods to stop the progression of such periodontal disease. It was reported that subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline(SDD) regimen could improve clinical conditions of periodontal tissues without causing the overgrowth of opportunistic organisms that was a typical antibiotic side effect. Therefore pharmacological therapy, used in conjunction with mechanical therapy could be considered a useful treatment modality in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. In this study, 30 patients diagnosed as moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis were divided into 2 groups. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were administered 20mg doxycycline capsule or placebo capsule b.i.d. for 4months, after scaling and root planing. Clinical parameters-bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were compared and evaluated between these groups at periods of first visit, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. The results were as follows ; 1. In case of moderate periodontitis, pocket depth showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in pocket depth was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 2. In case of moderate periodontitis, clinical attachment level showed significant reduction after treatment in both the control & experiment groups, when compared with the baseline values(p<0.01), but in case of advanced periodontitis, only the experiment group showed significant reduction after treatment when compared with the baseline values(p<0.05). Statistically significant reduction in clinical attachment level was observed in the experiment group compared to the control group(p<0.05). 3. Bleeding on probing improved after treatment in both the groups. In case of moderate periodontitis, the experiment group showed statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing when compared with the control group at 1 and 4 months after treatment(p<0.05). In case of advanced periodontitis, treatment resulted in statistically significant reduction of bleeding on probing in both the groups(p<0.05). These results indicate that the use of subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline is a useful supplement to mechanical treatment for periodontal patients in ameliorating the clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket, attachment level, and bleeding on probing.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.945-955
• /
• 2016

지금까지 주요 식물병원세균에 대한 방제대책은 화학적 방제방법에 의존하여왔다. 그러나 항생제와 같은 화학적 방제방법은 저항성 균주의 출현으로 인해 효율성이 감소함에 따라 대체방법의 개발이 요구되어지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주요 7종(그램음성 - 무름병, 감귤 궤양병, 풋마름병, 가지검은마름병 및 과실썩음병; 그램 양성 - 토마토 궤양병 및 더뎅이병)의 식물병원세균에 대한 탄닌산 함유 친환경농자재(공시번호 2-4-064)의 억제효과를 고체배지 확산법과 액체배지 배양법으로 검정하였다. 고체배지 확산법에서는 가지검은마름병원세균을 제외한 6종의 병원세균에 대한 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 액체배지 검정에서는 액체배지법으로 실험가능한 6종의 병원세균의 생장을 억제하였다. 전자현미경을 통한 표면변화를 관찰한 결과, 모든 병원세균의 표면구조의 변화를 발생하여 생장저해 또는 세포사멸을 유도하는 현상이 관찰되었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.288-297
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The goal of this project was to measure the antibacterial effectiveness of Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification) and its constituents. All of the active ingredients including the final product were prepared using high-pressure sterilization for use as medicinal eye drops. The varying forms of Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification) were used to treat Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis which are found in keratitis. Methods: The antibacterial effect was measured by observing the presence or absence of antimicrobial activity when treated with varying concentrations of Hwangryunhaedok-tang extract. The tests were performed using a dosage of $70{\mu}l$ dosages of 100%, 50%, 10% and 1% the extracted solution by the minimum growth inhibitory concentration measurement. Antimicrobial activity was measured by examining the correlation between dosage strength and bacterial activity from $70{\mu}l$ to $10{\mu}l$ at the same concentration. Results: 1. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification), Phellodendri Cortex, and gardenia didn't show any antimicrobial effects against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, or E. faecalis. 2. Barberry root showed antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and S. epidermidis depending on the levels of concentration but didn't show any antimicrobial effects against E. faecalis. 3. Skullcap showed antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and S. epidermidis when a dosage of 100% extract $70{\mu}l$ was used. However, did not show any antimicrobial effects at all against E. faecalis. Conclusions: Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification) and its constituents such as barberry root, phellodendri cortex, skullcap, and gardenia, can be used as an alternative to antibiotic medicinal eye drops to treat keratitis. However, further research on effective uses of and efficient extraction methods are needed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 1999

인산축적 시설재배지에서 Arbuscular 균근균의 이용을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 영남지역 시설재배지의 토착 Arbuscular 균근균의 분포밀도를 조사하고 in vitro에서 Arbuscular 균근균의 포자 표면살균 조건에 따른 포자발아 및 균사생장정도를 검토하였다. 시설재배지 토양에서 재배작물별 Arbuscular 균근균의 포자분포수는 수박에서 가장 높았으며 오이, 참외, 고추의 순이었으며 건토 100 g당 포자수는 101~207개 범위에 있었다. 한편, Arbuscular 균근균의 포자분포수는 B/F비가 낮을수록 증가하는 경향이었고 토양유효인산의 함량과는 $r=0.416^*$의 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 나타내었다. Acaulospora spinosa와 Gigaspora margarita 두 균주를 대상으로 기내실험한 결과 Arbuscular 균근균의 포자표면살균은 두 균주 모두 2% Chloramin T 및2% Chloramin T와 항생제 혼합 처리시 50%이상의표면 살균력과 포자발아율을 보여 다른 화합물 처리보다 양호하였다. pH에 따른 Gigaspora margarita의 포자발아와 균사생장은 pH 5.0 ~ 9.0 사이의 넓은 범위에서 50%이상의 발아율을 보였으며, 초기 pH가 증가 할수록 균사생장이 양호한 경향이었으나 Acaulospora spinosa의 경우에는 pH 9.0에서 포자발아율이 가장 높았으며 균사생장은 실험한 pH의 범위에 상관없이 저조하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.410-422
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환자(COPD)의 질병관련 지식, 질병태도, 삶의 질 세요인간의 상관관계를 규명하고자 시도되었다. 연구결과 질병관련 지식은 대상자의 교육과 월수입, 주관적 호흡곤란 정도(mMRC), 흡입형 기관지 확장제, 항생제 치료에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었고 질병태도는 월수입, mMRC에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 삶의 질은 연령, 결혼상태, 월수입, 입원상태, 입원경험, 산소사용, 동반질환, mMRC, 흡입형 스테로이드에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 질병관련 지식과 삶의 질(r=-.438, p<.001), 질병태도와 삶의 질(r=.279, p=.001)은 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 세 요인에 공통적으로 상관성을 보인 변수인 월수입과 mMRC를 파악하는 것이 중요하며, 임상에서 COPD환자의 상태평가시, 객관적 검사결과 뿐만 아니라 mMRC의 사정에 관심을 가지고, 저소득계층을 중심으로 질병관련 지식향상과 긍정적인 태도함량을 위한 다학제간 접근과, 헬스코칭 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.2523-2526
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia is a relatively frequent event in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and improvement in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) has been linked directly to improved outcome. Evaluation of granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GCSFs) for treatment has shown reduced incidences of episodes of prolonged neutropenia and protracted hospitalization. To determine absolute neutrophil counts with GCSF in febrile neutropenic cancer patients admitted to a tertiary care centre and to co-relate the improvement in ANC with mortality and hospital discharge. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried at an oncology ward at Aga Khan University hospital from January 2010 to June 2011. All adult patients who were admitted and treated with GCSF for chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia were included. Multivariable regression was conducted to identify the factors related with poor outcomes. Results: A total of 131 patients with febrile neutropenia were identified with mean age of 43.2 (18-85) years, 79 (60%) being ${\leq}50$. Seventy-five (57%) had solid tumors and 56 (43%) hematological malignancies, including lymphoma. Fifty seven (43.5%) had an ANC less 100 cells/$mm^3$, 34 (26%) one between 100-300 cells/$mm^3$ and 40 (31%) an ANC greater than 300 cells/$mm^3$. Thirty (23%) patients showed ANC recovery in 1-3 days, and 74(56%) within 4-7 days. Thirteen (10%) patients showed no recovery. The overall mortality was 18 (13.7%) patients. The mean time for ANC recovery seen in hematological malignancies was 6.34 days whereas for solid tumors it was 4.88 days. Patients with ANC <100 cells/$mm^3$ were more likely to die than patients with ANC >300 cells/$mm^3$ by a factor of 4.3. Similarly patients >50 years of age were 2.7 times more likely to die than younger patients. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that use of GCSF, in addition to intravenous antibiotics, in treatment of patients with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia accelerates neutrophil recovery, and shortens antibiotic therapy and hospitalization. We propose to risk classify the patients at the time of admission to evaluate the cost effectiveness of this approach in a resource constrained setup.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 1989

Gentamicin (GM) is a polybasic, aminoglycoside antibiotic used frequently for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections. The major limiting factors in the clinical use of GM as well as other aminoglycoside antibiotics are their nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The primary mechanism of cell injury in aminoglycoside toxicity appears to be the disruption of normal membrane function and the inhibition of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase activity. There are both indirect and direct evidences which suggests that the effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase may explain, or contribute to, their toxicity. It has been shown that aminoglycoside reduce total ATPase activity (Kaku et al., 1973) and $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase activity (linuma et al., 1967) in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament of the guinea-pig cochlea. Lipsky and Lietman (1980) reported that aminoglycoside antibitoics inhibited the activity of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase in microsomal fractions of the cortex and medulla of the guinea-pig kidney, isolated rat renal tubule and human erythrocyte ghosts. The present invstigation was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of GM on human erythrocytes by examining its effect on $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase activity, actives sodium and potassium transport across red blood cell and $^{3}H-ouabain$ binding to red blood cell membranes. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) CM inhibited significantly both the activity of total ATPase and $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase at all concentrations tested. 2) GM inhibited active $^{22}Na$ efflux across red blood cell. When ouabain is present, the rate of $^{22}Na$ efflux was completely inhibited. When both GM and ouabain were added, the inhibitory effect of active $^{22}Na$ efflux was more pronounced. 3) Active $^{86}Rb$ influx was inhibited significantly by GM. In the presence of ouabain, the rate of $^{86}Rb$ influx is markedly inhibited. But $^{86}Rb$ influx is not appreciably altered by the presence of both GM and ouabain. 4) In the presence of GM, $^{3}H-ouabain$ binding to red blood cell membrane increased. From the above results, it may be concluded that the inhibition of active sodium and potassium transport across red blood cell by gentamicin appears to be due to the inhibition of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase activity and an increase in ouabain binding to red blood cell membranes.