• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.709-717
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• 2015

Airborne bacteria from hog farms may have detrimental impacts on human health, particularly in terms of antibiotic resistance and pathogen zoonosis. Despite human health risks, very little is known about the composition and diversity of airborne bacteria from hog farms and hog-related spray fields. We used pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes to compare airborne bacterial communities in a North Carolina hog farm and lagoon spray field. In addition, we isolated and identified antibiotic-resistant bacteria from both air samples. Based on 16S rRNA gene pyrosequence analysis, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in airborne bacterial communities from both hog farm and spray field sites. Within the Firmicutes genera, Clostridium spp. were more abundant in the hog farm, whereas Staphylococcus spp. were higher in the spray field. The presence of opportunitic pathogens, including several Staphylococcus species and Propionibacterium acnes, was detected in both bioaerosol communities based on phylogenetic analysis. The isolation and identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from air samples also showed similar results with dominance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in both hog farm and spray field air. Thus, the existence of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistant bacteria in airborne communities evidences potential health risks to farmers and other residents from swine bioaerosol exposure.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 항생제 내성 균과 유전자 및, 항생제 내성 전달을 제어하는데 필요한 살균능 (CT, 농도 * 접촉 시간)을 서로 비교하는데 있다. 이를 위하여, 이를 위해 각기 다른 염소 주입농도(C)와 접촉시간(T)에 따라 각각의 항생제 내성 제거를 산정하였다. 그 결과 항생제 내성균 90%(1 log)이상 제어를 위해서는 CT 값(176~353 mg min/L)이 필요하였으며, 항생제 내성 유전자의 제거를 위한 CT 값은 195~372 mg min/L 이었다. 또한 항생제 내성 유전자의 전이 90% 이상 제거를 위한 CT 값은 187~489 mg min/L이었다. 따라서, 본 연구조건에서는 항생제 내성 유전자 및 유전자의 전이에 대한 제어를 위해서는 항생제 내성균 제어보다 더 높은 소독능이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2005

Biofilm 내부의 항생제 내성 박테리아의 성장형태는 만성감염과 질병을 발생한다. 인위적 형성한 biofilm의 체외실험 모델 시스템 통한 항생제 침투 실험을 수행하였다. 항생제 내성 균주 (E. coli, S. aureus)는 항생제 내성균주 은행으로부터 획득하였다 Ca-alginate bead를 인위적 biofilm으로 사용하였고, 세포 생존률을 향상시키기 위해 공기 압축을 이용한 세포 포획 실험도 측정되었다. biofilm의 항생제 감수성은 항생제의 농도 따라 최저 저해 농도 (MIC)를 이용하여 측정되었다. bead생성에 따른 안정성은 bead를 형성하지 않은 세포와 비교하여 감소하였다. 항생제에 민감한 E. coli의 경우 시간이 지남에 따라 균체수도 감소하였으나, 항생제 내성 E. coli는 일정한 균체수를 유지하였다. bead형성 후 항생제 투여 효과는 항생제 내성이 있고, 낮은 농도의 항생제를 처리할수록 더 높은 생존률을 보였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2015

This research verifies stainability, super bacteria antibacterial features and antibiotic resistance of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai (UD) extract in dye cotton cloth. UD was extracted with hot water, the test cloth dyed, and then processed by mordanting treatment using $FeSO_4$ $7H_2O$, $CuSO_4$ $5H_2O$ and $Al_2(SO_4)_3$. The surface color and color fastness of the three kinds (original cloth, the cloth without mordancy and mordant cloth) were measured and the influence of dying of cotton cloth and the mordant method on the genesistasis of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiotic resistant bacteria. 1. The surface color of the cotton cloth for dyeing (without and with mordancy) displayed a reddish and yellowish color. Stainability was greatest when the mordant of $FeSO_4$ $7H_2O$ was used. 2. When a mordant was not used for dyeing, the color fastness to washing, perspiration and friction of the contaminated cloth was satisfactory at 4 to 5 grade in general. 3. As for the antibiotic effect to super bacteria, the growth of germ was meaningfully suppressed both on the cloth without and with mordancy compared to the comparison cloth; in addition, the dyeing method with the biggest antibacterial impact was found to be the mordancy with the mordant of $CuSO_4$ $5H_2O$ after dyeing. The results of the experiments that involved dyeing with UD extract showed that cotton cloth processed through mordancy with the mordant of $CuSO_4$ $5H_2O$ had the biggest antibiosis to super bacteria and that processed with the mordant of $FeSO_4$ $7H_2O$ had the greatest stainability.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2022

This paper aims to compare and verify the antibacterial effects of cotton fabrics naturally dyed with extracts of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai, Caesalpinia sappan, Saururus chinensis, and Artemisia princeps against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. After natural dyeing of the test fabric, Al, Cu, Fe mordants were used. The color fastness against washing, rubbing, and perspiration of the cotton fabrics dyed with the 4 types of extracts were mostly excellent. However, the color fastness against light showed poor results for all four types. As for the antibacterial test method, MRSA (ATCC 33591) was applied to the cotton fabrics dyed with the four kinds of extracts and cultured for 24 hours. After that, the bacteria that proliferated on the fabrics were collected and spread on a solid medium. The bacteria were measured to find out the bacteriostatic reduction rate for the antibiotic-resistant strains. As a result of the analysis, all four extracts showed a high bacteriostatic reduction rate of more than 99% when the copper mordant was used. Even with the lack of a mordant, the bacteriostatic reduction rate was high, at 99.9% for Caesalpinia sappan and 94.6% for Saururus chinensis.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 1999

We isolated activnmycetes LAM-98-80 as strain producing an effective antibiotic for cephalosporin re-sistant pathogenic PSeudomonas sp. and identified as Streptomyces sp. LAM-98-80 from cultural and phyisological characteristics. We investigated the optimal culture conditions for producation of an anti-biotic becoming effective for cephalsporin-resistant pathogenic Pseudomonas sp. It was found that 1.5% soluble starch and 1.0% yeast extract were good as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. The pro-duction of antibiotic was also activated by 0.04% Mn2+ as 80% degree. The optimum initial pH on pro-ductio of antibiotic was pH 7.0. The culture condition for the maximal productivity of the antibiotic was at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The cephalosporin-resistant pathogenic Pseudomonas sp. as test bacteria was rev-ealed to resist antibiotic of cepha families but revealed to not resist those of $\beta$-lactam families ampicil-lin and amoxicillin. Parital purified antibiotic was stable for the pH from 3 to 9 and was also stable when treated at 70 $^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, This antbiotic was effective against all gram positive and negative bac-teria but was not effective against molds and yeasts.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.708-712
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• 2011

This study was focused on the determination of antibacterial activity of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract against antibiotic resistant bacteria($Salmonella$ Enteritidis, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$). Extract of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ were tested for antibacterial activity by paper disc methods. The $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract in 0.1 g/$m{\ell}$ and 0.2 g/$m{\ell}$ showed a significant antibacterial activity against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract were appeared to 2,048 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at $S.$ Enteritidis, $S.$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$. Finally, the growth incubation curve was determined using $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract against $S.$ Enteritidis, $S.$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$. The growth of $S.$ Enteritidis was significantly inhibited within 10 hours by the addition of at least 10,000 ppm of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract. The 10,000 ppm of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract retarded the growth of $S.$ $aureus$ and enteroaggregative $E.$ $coli$ more than 10 hours. In conclusion, $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ extract might be useful to control antibiotic resistant bacteria $in$ $vitro$.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2007

This study evaluated microbial risk that could develop within soil microbial communities after amended with organic fertilizers from stabilized swine manure waste. For this purpose, we assessed the occurrences and competitiveness of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity in soil microbial communities that were amended with swine manure wastes stabilized by a traditional lagoon fermentation process and an autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion process, respectively. According to laboratory cultivation detection analysis, soil applications of the stabilized organic fertilizers resulted in increases in absolute abundances of antibiotic resistant bacteria and of two tested pathogenic bacteria indicators. The increase in occurrences might be due to the overall growth of microbial communities by the supplement of nutrients from the fertilizers. Meanwhile, the soil applications were found to reduce competitiveness for various types of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the soil microbial communities, as indicated by the decrease in relative abundances (of total viable heterotrophic bacteria). However, competitiveness of pathogens in response to the fertilization was pathogens-specific, since the relative abundance of Staphylococcus was decreased by the soil applications, while the relative abundance of Salmonella was increased. Further testes revealed that no MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance) occurrence was detected among cultivated pathogen colonies. These findings suggest that microbial risk in the soil amended with the fertilizers may not be critical to public health. However, because of the increased occurrences of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity resulted from the overall microbial growth by the nutrient supply from the fertilizers, potential microbial risk could not be completely ruled out in the organic-fertilized soil samples.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2019

Inappropriate antibiotic use is the most important factor causing increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics, thus affecting patient outcomes. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a serious public health threat, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Korea, the burden of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an important public health issue. There is increasing evidence of overuse and misuse of antibiotics in Korea, as observed in cohorts with large sample sizes. Antibiotic use among children should receive particular attention because of the frequency of community-associated infections among this population and the elevated risk of transmission. Recent studies from Korea have demonstrated that the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, either for inpatient or outpatient treatment, has increased among many age groups, especially children. In this review, we aim to describe the patterns of antibiotic prescription and evaluate recent trends in antibiotic use among children. Coordinated efforts toward communication and education in order to address misunderstandings regarding antibiotic use, involving interprofessional antimicrobial stewardship programs, are required in the near future.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the antibacterial effects of cotton and silk fabrics naturally dyed with Artemisia princeps extract on antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The concentrated natural dye of the Artemisia princeps extract was made at the liquor ratio of 1:10 at 40-60℃ for 60 minutes. The concentration of FeSO4·7H2O, Al2(SO4)3, and CuSO4 5H2O mordant was 3% (owf), and the liquor ratio was 1:20. In order to experiment on the antimicrobial activity of the naturally dyed fabrics, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, was used by breeding it in Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHA) containing Oxacillin (2㎍/ml), Fungizone (2.5㎍/ml), and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI; Detroit, MI, USA). As a result of examining the bacterial growth reduction rate on dyed cotton and silk fabrics against antibiotic-resistant strains, it was found that the copper mordant in cotton fabric shows the highest antibacterial activity with a bacterial growth reduction rate of 99.9%, and the non-mordant cotton fabric shows the lowest antibacterial activity with a reduction rate of 18.6%. In the case of the naturally dyed silk fabric, it indicates the highest reduction rate of strains in the Al mordanting (94.9%), and Cu mordanting (99.9%).