• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.799-806
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• 2012

Approximately 80 species of bacteria were isolated from the fermented mushroom first and the HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism was selected to the final isolation bacteria. It has a high degree of CMCase, amylase, and protease activity as well as high antibacterial activity against mushroom pathogenic bacteria without affecting the growth and development of Flammulina velutipes and Lentinus edodes mushrooms. The finally selected HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism was identified as Bacillus sp. HJ-57. The initial pH for culture was pH7 and its optimum culture temperature was $35^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial material produced by Bacillus sp. HJ-57 showed a little antibacterial activity even in the 12 hr of culture, but showed the highest antibacterial activity in the 36~48 hr of culture. The HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism also showed a high antibacterial activity against mushroom pathogenic bacteria and molds in the corn cob contained culture medium is used in Flammulina velutipes cultivators.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2002

Objectives : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CCARM 3251 and S. aureusKCTC 1928 have been known to be resistant to many kinds of antibiotics. The extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. Methods : We examined the effects of the water-soluble extract and the methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix on MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. The methanolic extract was further fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in that order. Results and Conclusions : The methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed relatively high antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. However, the water-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed no antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Among the fractions tested, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. The methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against MRSA and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus were $5{\;}mg/m{\ell}$ in both. The methanol-soluble extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix was separated using thin-layer chromatography and detected with UV -detector. Further study should be carried out to identify which effects cell growth inhibition of MRSA and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.277-281
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• 2000

Agar, one of the most abundant marine products has not been utilized extensively because of low level of processing technology in Korea. This research was carried out to improve the utilization of agar and consequent increase in profit. Antibacterial activity of agarooligosaccharides were evaluated against bacteria causing putrefaction and flood poisoning. Addition of 0.4% agarooligosaccharides showed antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7; furthermore, autoclave treatment of agarooligosaccharides solution enhanced the antibacterial activity. Agarooligosaccharides showed high stability against the pH change. Addition of amino acid(alanine, lysine, glycine, phenylalanine) in agarooligosaccharides solution enhanced antibacterial activity in E. coli O157:H7, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.899-903
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• 2008

This study was conducted in order to elucidate the optimum conditions for the extraction of clove that can be used to elicit antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using the evolutionary operation (EVOP)-factorial design technique. Higher antibacterial activity was achieved in a higher extraction temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ ($r=0.7983^{**}$) and in a longer extraction time of 26 hr ($r=0.6867^*$). Antibacterial activity was not effected by differentiation of ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent (r=-0.0683). The maximum antibacterial activity of clove against S. mutans as determined by the EVOP-factorial design technique was obtained at an extraction temperature of $80^{\circ}C$, an extraction time of 26 hr and a 50% ethanol concentration. Furthermore, the population of S. mutans decreased from an initial concentration of 6.850 to 4.195 log CFU/mL in the third set that is more than 2.6 log cycles by EVOP-factorial design technique.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1848-1855
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• 2007

Antibacterial activity of essential oils (Tea tree, Chamomile, Eucalyptus) on Staphylococcus aureus growth was evaluated as well as the essential oil-loaded alginate beads. The binding interactions between the cell and the essential oils were measured using an optical biosensor. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils to the cell was evaluated with their binding interaction and affinity. The antibacterial activity appeared in the order of Tea Tree>Chamomile>Eucalyptus, in comparison of the inhibition effects of the cell growth to the essential oils. The association rate constant and affinity of the cell binding on Tea Tree essential oil were $5.0{\times}10^{-13}\;ml/(CFU{\cdot}s)$ and $5.0{\times}10^5\;ml/CFU$, respectively. The affinity of the cell binding on Tea Tree was about twice higher than those on the other essential oils. It might be possible that an effective antibacterial activity of Tea Tree essential oil was derived from its strong adhesive ability to the cell, more so than those of the other essential oils.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2003

Water-insoluble chitosan with molecular weight of 2,000,000, 580,000, 80,000, and 40,000 and more than 90% of degree of deacetylation were prepared to test antibacterial activity of chitosan against a pathogenic bacteria, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). As experimental method, the Shake Flask Method (SFM) and Modified Shake Flask Method (MSFM) were applicated. The anti-microbial activity of chitosan/acetic acid aqueous solution is consistent irrespective of Mw of chitosan. MIC value of SFM measurement was 0.2 ppm, and MIC value of modified SFM measurement was 25 ppm. But MIC value of chitosan/acetic add solution and chitosan treated cotton filter paper was equally 5 ppm. The antibacterial activities of chitosan were different in different test measurements employed. The antibacterial activities of chitosan/acetic acid solution and chitosan treated cotton filter paper were also different. Therefore, it needs to be pointed out that the test measurements of anti-microbial activity have some problems.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.98-109
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was designed to identify the effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza or antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 33400. Methods : The ethanol- and water-extracts of more than 80 oriental herbal medicines were investigated by the Kirby-Bauer method to determine their inhibitory effect on growth of S. pneumoniae ATCC 33400 in vitro. Of thorn, Salvia Miltiorrhiza was selected. Results : The ethanol-soluble extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza showed relatively high antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae ATCC 33400. However, the water-soluble extract of Salvia Miltionrhiza showed no antibacterial activity. The ethanolic extract was forker fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in that order. Among the fraction tested, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity, when the ethanol-soluble extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 25${\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions : Further study should be carried out to identity of the cell growth inhibition effects of S. pneumoniae ATCC 33400.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2017

Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (Araliaceae), known as "Dokwhal" in Korea, has been widely used in traditional Korean medicine for analgesia, neuralgia, sweating, and rheumatism. The biological activity was estimated with methanol extracts of from cultivated roots and adventitious roots of A. continentalis. DPPH and ABTS activities showed the highest activity in methanol extract of adventitious roots at 175.6 and $279.7{\mu}g/mL$ ($RC_{50}$), respectively. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the adventitious roots was higher than other samples. In the antibacterial activity assay (paper disc method), the methanol extract of adventitious roots showed activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and S. enterica. This study demonstrated that adventitious roots of A. continentalis, which was produced for the first time in the roots of A. continentalis, can be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1987

The methanol and benzene extracts of the leaves of 55 higher plants in Korea were tested for their antibacterial activity against three Gram positive bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and one Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Among them, the methanol extract of the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera showed remarkably potent antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and negative bacteria.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2012

In this study, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the extracts from pericarp and seed of $Vitis$ $coignetiea$, which were extracted with 0.1% HCl-60% ethanol, were analyzed. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by paper disc diffusion method against food spoilage and food-borne pathogens. The pericarp extract showed high antibacterial activity against $Bacillus$ $cereus$, $Escherichia$ $coli$ O157:H7, and $Pseudomonas$ $aeruginosa$, and the seed extract represented the high antibacterial activity against $B.$ $cereus$, $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7, and $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$. The cytotoxicity of the $Vitis$ $coignetiea$ extract against human cancer cells was determined using the MTT assay and SRB assay. The pericarp extract represented strong growth-inhibition activity against G361 and Hep3B cells and the seed extract greatly inhibited the growth of HeLa and G361 cells in the MTT assay. In addition, the pericarp extract displayed a high inhibition activity against the growth of AGS cells and the seed extract greatly inhibited the growth of HeLa, Hep3B, and MCF7 cells in the SRB assay. Especially, the cytotoxicities of the seed extract against HeLa were significantly higher than those of the extract against other cancer cells at all test concentrations. This study demonstrates that the extract from pericarp and seed of $Vitis$ $coignetiea$ possess high antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.