• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2006

Levels of quercetin in different parts of onion were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) suitable for use with functional food material. Two main peaks were observed on HPLC chromatograms from the extracts of the skin, and the outer, middle, and core parts of onion. Using LC/MS, peak 1 was tentatively identified as quercetin monoglucoside at m/z 466.4, and peak 2 as quercetin with [M]+ at m/z 303.3. The levels of quercetin in the skin, and the outer, middle and core parts of the plant were 16.83,2.67,0.95, and 0.35 mg/g, respectively. In the study of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, skin, the nonedible part, contained the highest amount of quercetin, compared to the other edible parts, and showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Levels of quercetin and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased from core to skin. All parts of onion exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibro parahaemolyticus. Antibacterial activities of onion exhibited that S. aureus was more sensitive than V. parahaemolyticus. Among the four onion extracts, the middle part showed the strongest inhibitory activity against S. aureus but all onion extracts showed similar antibacterial activities against V. parahaemolyticus.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.584-589
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• 1995

To select new useful plants with antibacterial activity, ninety five sample of eighty different species of wild plants were collected, and extracted with methanol. Antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The methanol extracts from Artemisia capillaris, Hemistepta lyrata, Youngia japonica, Prunella vulgaris, Lamium amplexicaule and Juniperus chinensis was effective against all bacterial strains tested, and eight methanol extracts including Ixeris dentata, Gnaphalium affine, Chelidonium majus and Spiraea prunifolia exhibited the antibacterial activity against at least 3 bacterial strains. Methanol extracts from leaf of Syringa vulgaris, Drava nemorosa and clove of Erythronium japonicum showed a selective antibacterial activity against two gram negative bacteria, V. parahaemolyticus, and B. subtilis, respectively. With investigations on antibacterial activity against a certain bacterial strains tested, metahnol extracts from clove of Erythronium japonicum, Spiraea prunifolia, leaf and twig of Camelia japonica, and Drava nemorosa showed strongest activities against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Nine methanol extracts based on the results were successively fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water portions, which were examined antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and V. parahaemolyticus. Among the all fractions tested, chloroform fractions of Hemistepta lyrata showed strongest antibacterial activity against both B. subtilis (17mm) and V. parahaemolyticus (29 mm). Chloroform fractions of Youngia japonica, n-hexane fractions of Artemisia capillaris, Iexeris dentata and Prunella vulgaris, and ethyl acetate fraction of leaf and twig of Camelia japonica showed relatively a strong antibacterial activity. On the other hand, Juniperus chinensis and Equisetum arvense was distributed to all fractions except for water fraction.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.169-172
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• 2012

The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Clerodendron trichotomum. Antibacterial activities of the n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions from C. trichotomum were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori. The n-hexane and MC fractions showed antibacterial activity against H. pylori at a concentration of 1.7 mg/mL and showed inhibition zones of 10 and 11 mm in disc assay, respectively. Further testing of 22-dehydroclerosterol and ${\beta}$-amyrin (each 3.4 mg/mL) from the MC fraction of C. trichotomum revealed moderate antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori. In particular, ${\beta}$-amyrin showed clear zones of 12 and 13 mm against E. coli and H. pylori, respectively, suggesting its potential as an antibacterial agent. The active compounds from C. trichotomum might provide a promising therapeutic agent against infections by E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.699-703
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• 2016

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious clinical and an urgent problem worldwide. Few new drugs are available against MRSA, because MRSA has the ability to acquire resistance to most antibiotics, which consequently increases the cost of medication. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of Hydnocarpi Semen was investigated. The most effective method is to develop antibiotics from the natural products without having any toxic or side effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antibacterial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Five Clinical isolates (MRSA) were obtained from five different patients at Wonkwang University Hospital (Iksan, South Korea). The Other 2 strains were ATCC 33591 (Methicillin-resistant strain) and ATCC 25923 (Methicillin-susceptible strain). Antibacterial activity (Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations, MICs) was determined by broth dilution method, disk diffusion method, MTT test, and checkerboard dilution test. Antibacterial activity of n-hexane fraction was remarkable, and had a MICs ranging from $31.25-125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. FICI values for HFH+AM and HFH+OX were 0.13-0.19 and 0.04-0.29, showing the increase of synergistic effect. When combined together, these antibacterial effects were dramatically increased.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

With continuing demand for the development of new, effective and safe therapies, an investigation was carried out to test the efficacy of an antibacterial agent derived from marine edible seaweed. The methanolic extract of Ecklonia cava from marine edible seaweed evinced potential antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Among five solvent-soluble fractions of E. cava methanolic extract, the ethyl acetate soluble extract (EtOAc) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, with a MIC value of $128{\mu}g/mL $ against E. faecalis strains. Furthermore, a synergistic antibacterial effect between an antibiotic and the EtOAc fraction was assessed using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices. A combination of ciprofloxacin and the EtOAc fraction resulted in a ${\sum}FIC_{min}$ range of 0.188 and ${\sum}FIC_{max}$ of 0.508 to 563, suggesting that the ciprofloxacin-EtOAc fraction of E. cava combination resulted in an antibacterial synergy effect against E. faecalis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2003

This study shows the colorfastness, antibacterial activity, and deodorizing effect about cotton and silk fabrics dyed with Lithospermi Radix Extract. In the case of colorfastness, the light colorfastness showed the lowest grade, the other colorfastness was relatively good. However there are some differences according to fabrics and mordants. In the case of antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus, the cotton fabrics had the most antibacterial effect at the dyed fabrics that had been mordanted SnC1$_2$ㆍ2$H_2O$, and the silk fabrics had the most antibacterial effect at the dyed fabrics that had been mordanted A1($CH_3$COO)$_3$. In the case of deodorizing effect, the cotton fabrics showed the most deodorizing effect at the dyed fabrics that had been mordanted SnC1$_2$ㆍ2$H_2O$, and the silk fabrics showed the comparatively high antibacterial effect at the dyed fabrics that had been mordanted both SnCl$_2$ㆍ2$H_2O$ and Al($CH_3$COO)$_3$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2003

This study shows the dyeability and antibacterial activity about cotton and silk fabrics dyed with Chrysanthem indicum L. In the case of dyeability, in the first, K/S value was shown comparatively high numerical value. The value of all test sample was over 20. In the next, in the case of colorfastness, the light colorfastness showed the lowest grade, the other colorfastness was relatively good. However there are some differences according to fabrics and mordants. In the case of antibacterial activity to Klebsielia pneumoniae, the cotton fabrics had the most antibacterial effect at the dyed fabrics that had been mordanted $CuSO_4$.$5H_2O$, and the silk fabrics had the most antibacterial effect at the dyed fabrics that had been mordanted $CuSO_4$.$5H_2O$.$Al_2$ and $(SO_4)_3$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.167-169
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• 2005

Crude extract of bioconverted linoleic acid using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Crude extract showed antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), S. aureus (KCTC 1916), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19166), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), and one Gramnegative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCTC 2004), with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 750 to $1,500\;{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$. S. aureus and B. subtilis were selected for growth inhibition assays with bioconverted linoleic acid. Major antibacterial effects occurred at lag phase.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.470-475
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• 1994

The butanol extract of paulownia tomentosa stem showed antibacterial activity against staphyl ococcus aureus (SG511, 285 and 503), Streptococcus pyogenes (A308 and A77) and Streptococcus farcium MD8b etc. The most active compound of the extractg was identified to be campneoside I, which had a minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of $150{\;}{\mu}g/ml$ against Strptococcus and Staphylococcus species. From such antibacterial activity, the methoxy group of campneoside I was posulated to be the essential element for the antibacterial activity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of levamisole (LMS) in 5. fgrjn challenged eels with different treatment regimens: 7-day LMS treatment before the challenge, 7-day LMS treatment started simultaneously with the challenge, 14-day treatment before and after the challenge. The antibacterial effect was activated in all treated groups, with the best being obtained in the simultaneously treated group. LMS stimulated the defense mechanisms of the eel as demonstrated by increase in the level of total protein, albumin, trypsin inhibitor capacity, lysozyme activity, antibody titers antibacterial activity and survival rate. These results suggest that antibacterial effects of LMS was achieved by not only non-specific immune response but also specific one in eel.