• 제목/요약/키워드: anti-poetic diction

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이상(Lee Sang)의 시작품에 구사되는 프랑스어와 반문체 (A Command of French and anti-style used in Lee Sang's poetic work)

  • 이병수
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제49권
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    • pp.229-248
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    • 2017
  • 본 논고는 한국 시문학사에서 형이상학적 스캔들로 불리는 이상의 시편들에 구사 되는 프랑스어 연구이다. 이상의 시에서 프랑스어가 차지하는 비중은 식민지 시대에 일본어를 제외하면 가장 중요한 시어로 활용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 우리의 연구는 기호적인 프랑스어, 기하학적이고 회화적인 프랑스어 활용에 대해 분석하고, 아울러 반복적이고 나열적인 단어와 문장의 구성에 응용되는 프랑스어에 대해 분석했다. 이상의 시편들에서 프랑스어의 활용은 비시어적인 기호의 혼용으로 볼 수 있으며, 전통적인 모국어와 시창작의 문법을 거부한 반문체적인 특성으로 나타남을 확인 할 수 있다. 그의 시에서 프랑스어는 아방가르드적인 시적 재료와 실험적인 창작기법의 중요한 요소 중에 하나로 나타난다. 시인에게 프랑스어는 언어의 범주를 벗어난 건축학적이고 회화적인 재료들과 함께 한글의 틀을 거부한 전혀 낯선 표현기법의 중요한 요소로 적용되고, 시인의 예술정신을 구현하기 위한 전위적인 언어로 응용되고 있다. 이상에게 프랑스어는 분열적이고 열패적인 자신의 내면적 갈등을 표현하기 위한 도구로 활용되고 있으며, 시인은 프랑스어가 갖는 기표와 기의적인 특성을 이용하여 근대한국문학에 유래를 찾아 볼 수 없는 실험적인 문체를 보여주었다. 이상의 시에서 프랑스어는 식민지하의 억눌린 자의식을 해방시킨 자유의 언어이며, 한국문학뿐만 아니라 세계문학 속에서도 유례를 찾아볼 수 없는 반문체적이고, 형이상학적인 시편들을 구성하는 중요한 요소로 볼 수 있다.

벨 에포크와 다다이즘 - 근대문화의 총체와 해체 (Belle Epoque and Dadaism in the Modern Culture)

  • 이병수
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제33권
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    • pp.171-192
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    • 2013
  • The article is a research about the Belle Epoque era and Dadaism in the modern culture as a whole and separate. The years from 1890s to 1914, is known as the Belle Epoque era, in which the European continent including France had developed the climax of the modern culture after the Renaissance. At the same time, it was the period where the postmodern developments were being spread, leading to the present days. Moreover, the main ideologies in art that led to the cultural advancement of the time were impressionism, cubism, art nouveau, evolutionized painting category, symbolism and futurism. It was a literature category that was maintained to present Dadaism and surrealism. Dadaism began since the magazine, Bulletin Dada was published, originating in 1916 by Tristan Tzara of Zurich, Switzerland during the WWI. The extreme motto that the Dadaists supported was a contradiction, as they had to dissolve from their own art movements and expression techniques. However, until Andre Breton introduced 'Manifeste du Surrealisme' in 1924, the "Dada group" had a tremendous influence in France as an epicenter and rejected the modern cause and art that continued during the time, thus attempting its dissolution. First, they rejected the ideology, ethics and customs of rationalism from the previous system and demonstrate an anarchical and anti-bourgeoisie characteristic. They also reject the French lucid thoughts and the artistic techniques. They strongly emphasized on their motto "The idea is created from the mouth", while reframing from the philosophical ideology and at the same time, attempting to express the psychical unconsciousness. Second, the most important catchphrase that the Dadaists supported was the theory of negation. The question "Why do you write?" connotes the negative consciousness about the artistic value and the stereotyped method of the preexisting writing and drawing. Third, the Dadaists bring forward a radical query about all of the former esthetic and morals, and reveal an admirable resistance spirit. They emphasized on the slogan "Dada, means nothing" and insist on 'the anti-literal Dada, anti-artistic Dada, anti-musical Dada'. The Dadaist movement manifested their resistant spirit and the new artistic spirit through the publication of , , and most importantly through the magazine . Fourth, the Dadaists embodied the volume, density, and quality into an image through the auto-technical, cubistic writings and drawings. They ignored the fixed form of arrangements, verses, and rhymes of a poetic diction. The Dadaists utilized an unfamiliar and inversed expression method of applying the combination of the size of print, or capital letters and lowercase letters, even combining printed and handwritten writings. As presented, the auto-technical and cubistic characteristic of expressing the auto-psychical ideology into writing is called as the radical aesthetic and moral and can be considered as the most essential cause of the Dadaists' avant-garde features. As a conclusion, Dadaism demonstrated dual characteristics of consuming the nutritive elements of the modern culture through the most powerful resistance and liberation of the artistic movement of the Belle Epoque era, where at the same time, it deconstructed the modern art. By revolting against the former grounds and expression techniques, and dominating the era with the new artistic spirit, their resistant actions were artistic movements that symbolized the dissolution of the modern times. Moreover, the Dada's expressionism and resistance of saying "There's nothing" can be evaluated as postmodernity's initiative of outweighing the modern history and opening the door for new period of nowadays.