• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2013

The present study was to investigate anti-microbial effects of curcumin on major bacterial pathogens for farmed fish, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio vulnificus, V. paraheamolyticus using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. In disc diffusion test, curcumin exhibited concentration-dependent antimicrobial activities to all bacteria pathogens used in the study. Antimicrobial effects of curcumin was found differently depending on bacterial species when determined by MIC or MBC tests. For examples, E. tarda and A. hydrophila was respectively the most sensitive bacterium for bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effect of curcumin. Collectively, curcumin could be a potential natural drug for controlling pathogenic bacteria in the aquaculture industry.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1993

Phycoerythrins from the ceramiaceous red algae Campylaephora crassa (Okamura) Nakamura and related species, C. hypnaeoides J. Agardh and Ceramium kondoi Yendo, were investigated for absorption spectra, protein bands by gel electrophoresis and antigenic reactivity to anti-phycoerythrin using Ouchterlony double diffusion and immunoblot. Similarities in absorption spectra, showing peaks at ca. 566 nm>534 nm>495 nm, were found between C. crassa and Cm. kondoi, while C. hypnaeoides differed slightly. There were no differences in fluorescence emission spectra and protein bands between C. crassa and related species tested. Since Ouchterlony double diffusion, however, showed that phycoerythrins from C. crassa and Cm. kondoi were similar in antigenic reactions, and differed from that of C. hypnaeoides, the taxonomic position of C. crassa should be reinvestigated using other experimental approaches.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objective: Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in Persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders for ages. Methods: The well diffusion method (KB testing) with a concentration of $250{\mu}g/disc$ was used for evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Maximum synergistic effects of different combinations of components were also observed. Results: A particular combination of Acacia catechu (L.F.) Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo extracts possesses an outstanding anti-bacterial activity. It's inhibiting effect on microorganisms is significant when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism. The highest anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) or gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was exerted by formula number 2 (table 1). Conclusion: The results reveal the presence of anti-bacterial activities of Acacia catechu, Castanea sativa husk, Ephedra sp. and Mumiyo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic effects in a combined formula, especially in formula number 2 (ASLAN$^{(R)}$) can lead to potential sources of new antiseptic agents for treatment of acute or chronic skin ulcers. These results considering the significant anti-bacterial effect of the present formulation, support ethnopharmacological uses against diarrheal and venereal diseases and demonstrate use of these plants to treat infectious diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권2호통권33호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of Yeouigeumhwang-san(YUGHS) on anti-inflammation and anti-Propionibacterium acnes. Methods : The cytotoxicity of YUGHS about viability of Raw 264.7 cell was tested by using a colorimetric tetrazolium assay(MTT assay). To investigate the anti-inflammatory effets of YUGHS on LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell, we used ELISA kit and Western blots. Inhibitory effects of YUGHS on Propionibactrium acnes were investigated by using paper disk diffusion method. Results : 1. YUGHS has no cytotoxicity under 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration but over 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ has a little cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. Concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ YUGHS inhibited the production of NO in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 3. All concentrations of YUGHS did not inhibit the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 4. All concentrations of YUGHS significantly inhibited the production of $PGE_2$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 5. YUGHS did not inhibit the expression of COX-2 but concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ YUGHS inhibited iNOS expression in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 6. YUGHS has the effect of blocking $NF-{\kappa}B$ into nucleus in LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell 7. YUGHS did not have the inhibitory effect of Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusions : These results indicate that Yeouigeumhwang-san has anti-inflammatory effets. If further study is performed, the use of Yeouigeumhwang-san will be valuable and benificial in the therapy of acnes.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.47-66
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• 1999

Resazurin(alarmar Blue$^{TM}$)을 이용하여 in vitro 적으로 P. ovale의 최소 발육저지농도 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration , MIC)를 측정함으로써 여러 가지 조성의 항비듬제의 항비듬 효과를 측정하고자 하였다. 최적의 실험 조건을 결정하기 위한 기초 실험 결과, 약 2.6$\times$$10^{5}$ cfu/$m\ell$ 이상의 농도로 P. ovate가 주입되는 경우 alarmar Blue$^{TM}$ 흡광도의 변화를 정 하게 관찰할 수 있었고 alannar Blue$^{TM}$ 자체의 희석 배율이 1:1-1:4이며, 16시간과 24 시간 배양을 하여야 비교적 정량적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. alarmar Blue$^{TM}$ 가 균체의 증식에 미치는 영향을 고찰하여 본 결과 1:1의 희석 용액에서도 alarmar Blue$^{TM}$가 균체의 증식에 영향을 미치지 못함을 알 수 있었다. Zinc pyrithione과 Climbazole의 혼합계에서 항비듬 효과를 관찰하여 본 결과 일정 혼합비에서 효과적인 항비듬 효과를 관찰할 수 있었고, 현미경 관찰에 의한 MIC 측정법과,SDDM(Skin-Disk Diffusion Method)법에 의한 항비듬 효과와 비교하여 본 결과 유사한 경향성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 alarmar Blue$^{TM}$를 사용한 in vitro 항비듬 효과 측정법은 시료나 배지의 탁도에 크게영향을 받지 않으며, Micro-plate reader를 사용함으로써 많은 종류의 시료에 대한 결과를 마르고 정확하게 얻을 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있으므로, 향후 효율적인 in-vitro 항비듬 평가 방법으로 활용이 기대된다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2011

C/SiC composites were prepared by boron nitride (BN)-assisted liquid silicon infiltration (LSI), and their anti-oxidation and mechanical properties were investigated. The microstructures, bulk densities, and porosities of the C/SiC composites demonstrated that the infiltration of liquid silicon into the composites improved them, because the layered-structure BN worked as a lubricant. Increasing the amount of BN improved the anti-oxidation of the prepared C/SiC composites. This synergistic effect was induced by the assistance of BN in the LSI. More thermally stable SiC was formed in the composite, and fewer pores were formed in the composite, which reduced inward oxygen diffusion. The mechanical strength of the composite increased up to the addition of 3% BN and decreased thereafter due to increased brittleness from the presence of more SiC in the composite. Based on the anti-oxidation and mechanical properties of the prepared composites, we concluded that improved anti-oxidation of C/SiC composites can be achieved through BN-assisted LSI, although there may be some degradation of the mechanical properties. The desired anti-oxidation and mechanical properties of the composite can be achieved by optimizing the BN-assisted LSI conditions.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2024

Background: The Korean name for Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is Cham-dang-gui, which grows naturally or is cultivated, and its dried roots are used in traditional herbal medicines. The AGN root exert various pharmacological effects. Despite the various pharmacological effects of the AGN root, there are no reports on its anti-oral microbial effects. The purpose of this study was to reveal the anti-oral microbial effect and the microbial and biochemical changes in oral microorganisms according to the concentration of the ethanol extract of AGN (EAGN) root, and to confirm the possibility of using EAGN as a plant-derived functional substance for controlling oral infectious microorganisms. Methods: Disk diffusion test, growth measurement, biofilm formation assay, and measurements of acid production and buffering capacity were performed to confirm the antibacterial effect of EAGN. Results: EAGN showed anti-oral bacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at all concentrations, with S. mutans showing a more susceptible effect at concentrations above 5.0 mg/ml and A. actinomycetemcomitans at 3.75 mg/ml. EAGN treatment significantly reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans growth at all concentrations tested. Biofilm formation was significantly reduced at concentrations above 3.75 mg/ml for S. mutans and 2.5 mg/ml for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Acid production in S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly increased by treatment with EAGN, and the buffering capacities of S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans increased from an EAGN concentration of 3.75 mg/ml and above. Conclusion: EAGN showed anti-oral bacterial effects against both S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans at concentrations above 3.75 mg/ml, which were thought to be related to the inhibition of their growth and biofilm formation. Therefore, EAGN can be used as a safe functional substance derived from medicinal plants owing to its antibacterial effects against S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity against pathogens of acne and the anti-inflammatory effect of 75% ethanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Prunus sargentii. In the antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay, the extract showed the highest effect against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 mg/disc. However, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity in 1 mg/disc. On the other hand, the hexane and chloroform fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cell viability of Raw 264.7 by MTT assay, the extract and all fractions were exhibited normal viabilities as nontoxic result. Consequently, the extract from the leaves of P. sargentii and its ethyl acetate fraction could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial activity related fields. Moreover, the hexane and chloroform fraction could be applicable to candidate materials as anti-inflammatory agent.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.755-760
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• 2013

The present study is synthesis of derivatives of N'-(4-amino-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)-2-(1H-benzimidazole-2-ylsulfanyl) acetohydrazide (IV). Antibacterial activity tested against the E. coli and A. Substilis. Biological activities conducted by disc diffusion method. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_3$, $2MB_5$ inhibit the appreciable microbial growth while rest of the compound possess the moderate activities. Anti-inflammatory activity tested by reduces local edema induced in the rat paw by injection of phlogestic agent. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_8$, $2MB_5$, $2MB_3$ and $2MB_6$ exhibit satisfying anti-inflammatory activity while analgesic activity conducted by acetic acid induced writhing effect in mice while compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_4$ and $2MB_7$ having the good analgesic activity. The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR, $^1H$ NMR and mass spectral data.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.598-606
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• 2000

In this paper we investigated the relation between the surface degradations and anti-pollution characteristics of Room Temperature Vulcanized(RTV) silicone rubber coating that has different roughness through immersing into saline water. We utilized several analytic techniques such as atomic force microscopy(AFM) scaning electron microscopy(SEM) contact angle Salt Deposit Density(SDD) and average leakage current under the condition of salt fog. It is found that the surface roughness of treated RTV silicone rubber increased and the hydrophobicity of sample surface decreased with increasing the duration o immersion into water due to the erosion of base polymer the melting down alumina trihydrate(ATH) and the diffusion of Low Molecular weight(LMW) fluid. Despite the roughness of surface had been increased by water immersion excellant anti-pollution and recovery characteristics were maintained and SDD saturated to 0.1~0.14mg/cm$^2$. The average leakage current under salt fog increased with surface roughness. Measurement of average leakage current will be helpful to investigate surface degradation and lifetime expectation of RTV silicone coating.