• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1982

20 years old female patient with asymmetric mandibular prognathism had anterior openbite, anterior cross-bite and mandibular shift. This patient was treated with both orthodontic and surgical method. Maxillary second molars were extracted to reduce the wedging effect and maxillary first molars moved to distal by straight pull head gear. After orthognathic surgery, open-bite was corrected with multiple shoe-loop arch wire.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.375-388
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• 1996

It has widely known for speech problem in patients with malocclusion, but there have been insufficient studies on degrees of severity. Patients with openbite and Cl III malocclusion usually have speech problem. It has widely known that fricative /s/is pronunciated most abnormally in Cl III malocclusion than any other consonant. Therefore 20 children with anterior crossbite were selected for study groups and 40 children with normal anterior occlusion were selected for control group. 7 sounds such as / 사(sa), 서($s{\delta}$), 소(so), 수(su), 스($s{\omega}$), 시(si), 세(se) / were recorded, and the formants and formants ratios were measured by using Sensimetric Speech Station, which is speech analyzing program in IBM PC. The results were as follows : 1. In anterior crossbite group, F1 of all 7 sounds were significantly higher than normal anterior relationship group(p<0.05). 2. There were no significant difference in F2 between two groups except / 소(so), 수(su)/(p>0.05). 3. In anterior crossbite group, F2/F1 ratio of all 7 sounds were significantly smaller than normal anterior relationship group(p<0.05). 4. There were no significant difference in accordance with tongue position(p>0.05).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.242-250
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• 2004

In general, the skeletal class III has the characteristics of mandibular overgrowth with a normal maxillary growth or maxillary undergrowth with a normal mandibular growth And clinical and radiographic evaluations of the patient are needed. However, the treatment plan is not dependent on these evaluations alone, because patient's general condition and hope for aesthetics varies. The aim of this report is to consider the treatment of a medically compromised patient with an anterior open bite and skeletal class III, which showed a severe mandibular overgrowth. In 2003, a 17-year-old boy with epilepsy, mental retardation presented at our clinic complaining of concave profile. A clinical examination showed severe mandibular prognathism with an anterior open bite. The radiographic examination revealed a short cranial base, a moderate maxillary overgrowth, severe mandibular overgrowth and skeletal open bite tendency. In 2004, he was verified to have no potential of growth by hand-and-wrist radiographs and an endocrine examination. He completed the preoperative orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery (sagittal split ramus osteotomy, genioplasty). He was evaluated on the first visit, the preoperative period and the postoperative period with a clinical and radiographic examination. At the first visit, the patient showed moderate overgrowth of the maxilla, severe overgrowth of the mandible, and a subsequential skeletal open bite. After the preoperative orthodontic treatment (preoperative period), the patient showed the same skeletal problem as before and a decompensated dentition for orthognathic surgery. After orthognathic surgery, his profile had improved, but he had still a skeletal openbite tendency because the maxillary orthognathic surgery was not performed. Severe mandibular prognathism with a maxillary overgrowth and anterior open bite should be treated by bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. However, one-jaw orthognathic surgery on the remaining the skeletal open bite tendency was performed for his medical problem and facial esthetics. This subsequential open bite should be resolved with a postoperative orthodontic treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.5 s.82
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• pp.521-533
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• 2000

This study was investigated to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of openbite and deep bite in Class I malocclusion patients and to find skeletodental factors which contributed to vertical discrepancy in Class I malocclusion. The subjects were consisted of 40 control subjects (male 20, female 20) and 40 Class I openbite patients and 40 Class I deep bite patients. Lateral cephalograms in centric occlusion were taken, traced and digitized lot each subjects. The computerized statistical analysis were carried out with SPSS program. The results were as follows. 1. The pattern of vortical discrepancy in Class I malocclusion is mainly influenced by the skeletodental factors under palatal plane. 2. In openbite group, vortical discrepancy is prominent on anterior lower face and is closely related with skeletal factors such as mandibular form and inclination. 3. In deep bite group, dental factors such as ewe of Spee, vertical height of maxillary molar and skeletal factor such as articular angle were contributed to the vertical discrepancy. 4. The multiple regression analysis showed that overbite in Class I molar relationship was determined mainly by dental factors such as lower incisor to occlusal plane angle, curve of Spee, interincisal angle, and ODI.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.403-414
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the histologic changes in mandibular periodontium during overbite closure for openbite treatment by continuous arch wires and anterior vertical elastics. Two female monkey(Macaca nemestrina) with permanent dentition were used. Posterior bite block was fixed to each of their maxillae, which made the animal temporary anterior openbite as well as stabilized the whole maxillary anchorage. In each mandible, all the teeth except the second molars which had been extracted, were prepared for cast crowns. 018 inch Standard brackets were welded on these crowns. After cementation, two types of the $016{\times}022$ inch continuous arch wires, the plain ideal arch to the control animal and the MEAW(multiloop edgewise archwire) to the other experimental one were inserted. Then anterior vertical elastics were applied for two weeks. The overbite depth changes in the monkeys and histologic examinations of the mandibular periodontiums suggested the following conclusions. 1. During two weeks of the experimental period, the overbite increased + 0.3 mm in the control and + 1.3 mm in the experimental one. 2. In both the control and the experimental animal, histologic examinations showed that incisors, canines and first premolars were subject to extrusive force and the rest of posteriors were subject to intrusive one. 3. In periodontiums of the extruded incisors of the experimental one, reorientation of the periodontal fiber structures reflected the direction of force and the alveolar bone surfaces including apical and crestal areas which had been subject to tension, were the front of new bone formation. 4. In periodontiums of the extruded incisors of the experimental one, neither excessive hyalinization nor gross root resorption was observed. 5. Alveolar bone remodeling of anteriors and posteriors was more remarkable in the experimental one than the control.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.235-243
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• 2000

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) is very useful method to diagnose internal derangement of the TMJ because of its high specificity foy identification of condyle-disc relationships. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence, incidence and severity o』 internal derangement o』 the TMJ by the MRI of Patients who are suspected to have TMJ disorder. MRI sample was composed of 50 subjects(10 males, 40 females) and the mean age was 22.9 years. 43 subjects of the sample were found to have positive findings. $56\%$ of the subjects with positive findings had ADD(anterior disc displacement) without reduction, and $65\%$ had internal derangement of bilateral joints. Distributions in the types of malocclusion in patients with positive findings, the Angle's classification had shown : the largest $41.9\%$ for Cl II ($39.6\%$ for Cl II div 1 and $2.3\%$ for Cl II div 2), $37.2\%$ for Cl I, $18.6\%$ for Cl III, and $2.3\%$ for the unidentified. $8.6\%$ of the subjects with positive findings had facial asymmetry and $55.8\%$ had openbite. We can conclude that the percentage of Cl II is the highest in patients with internal derangement of the TMJ. Openbite or facial asymmetry is considered to be uncompensated or compensated deformity which results from facial skeleton remodeling in the process of degenerative joint disease(DJD) due to TMJ degeneration. Therefore it is recommended to screen the patients with facial asymmetry or openbite by MRI before the beginning of orthodontic treatment. Differential diagnosis is essential because the tendency of relapse is high after the orthodontic treatment and continuous observation of TMJ is needed in patients with TMJ disorder.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.402-419
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• 2009

Successful treatment of the non-growing patient with an open bite of either dental skeletal pattern often presents a difficult challenge. The morphologic pattern in anterior open bite is characterized by longer vertical dimensions, an increase in development of the maxillary posterior dento-alveolar structure and a steep mandibular plane. In such cases, molar intrusion would be a good remedy for treatment. This article reports the successful treatment and retention of two anterior open-bite cases. We used orthodontic mini-implants for treatment and a circumferential retainer with posterior bite block or skeletal fixed retainer for retention. The diagnostic criteria and mechanics for appropriate treatment are discussed. Our results suggest that open bite can be reduced successfully with intrusion of molars using orthodontic mini-implants (OMI) without orthognathic surgery, and that circumferential retainer with posterior bite block and skeletal fixed retainer are effective for retention.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.296-305
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• 2013

For the purpose of evaluating the prevalence of malocclusion and self-esteem in adolescents, 1,380 middle-school students in the Yangsan area were surveyed by oral examination and questionnaires and the obtained results were as follows: The distribution of 1st molar occlusion by Angle's classification was 69.0, 19.4, 10.6% for Class I, II and III respectively. In the horizontal relationship, the prevalence of normal overjet and crossbite was 86.9% and 5.6% respectively whereas larger and extremely larger overjet was found in 6.6% and 0.8%. In the vertical relationship of anterior teeth, normal, deep overbite and openbite was shown in 94.1%, 4.7%, and 1.2%. For the midline discrepancy, the distribution of groups with 0~1 mm, 2~4 mm and over 5 mm was 98.2%, 1.4%, and 0.4%. Crowding only in the maxilla was found in 9.6%, while that only in the mandible and in both arches was 14.1% and 24.1% respectively. Spacing only in the maxilla was seen in 3.0%, while that only in the mandible and in both arches was 2.4% and 1.7% respectively. Significant difference in self-esteem was revealed in female and malocclusion groups of crossbite and openbite(p < 0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.1 s.54
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• pp.53-63
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• 1996

In order In analyze the occlusion of TMD patient, 73 casts and post eroanterior cephalometric X-rays of patients showing TMD symptoms at first interview were measured and compared that of 30 non-patients . Horizental overjet, vertical overbite, openbite, crossbite, depth of curve of Spee, midline deviation, facial asymmetry, attrition, and TPI were measured and processed statistically The results could be summarized as follows, 1. TMD group showed the highest prevalence in twenties, teens, and before 9 years old group in order, and more prevalent in female than male. 2. There were no statistically significance between two groups of overjet and overbite measurements, but showed significance of 6 classification of anterior tooth relationship between two groups TMD groups. 3. n group had more anterior openbite than normal group but there were no statistically significance between two groups. 4. Anterior crossbite was more prevalent in normal group brit posterior crossbite was more prevalent in TMD group. 5. TMD group showed deeper curve of Spee and there were statistically significance between two groups. 6. TMD group had more attrition than normal group and there were statistically significance beween two groups. 7 TMD group showed more facial asymmetry than normal group. 8. TPI did not showed statistical significance beween two groups. According to the above results, TMD group showed severe and complex mode of malocclusion and this should be carefully regarded when treatment planning and during the treatment of malocclusion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2018

The purpose of this case report was to introduce the concept of orthodontic and orthopedic treatment for a growing patient with Tessier number 0 cleft. A 5-year-old boy patient with Tessier number 0 cleft presented congenitally missing maxillary central incisors (MXCI), a bony defect at the premaxilla, a constricted maxillary arch, an anterior openbite, and maxillary hypoplasia. His treatment was divided into three stages: management of the bony defect at the premaxilla and the congenitally missing MXCIs using a fan-type expansion plate, iliac bone grafting, and eruption guidance of the maxillary lateral incisors into the graft area for substitution of MXCIs; management of the maxillary hypoplasia using sequential facemask therapy with conventional and skeletal anchorage; and management of the remaining occlusal problems using fixed orthodontic treatment. The total treatment duration was 15 years and 10 months. Class I canine and Class II molar relationships and normal overbite and overjet were achieved at the end of treatment. Although the long-term use of facemask therapy resulted in significant protraction of the retrusive maxilla, the patient exhibited Class III profile because of continued mandibular growth. However, the treatment result was well maintained after 2 years of retention. The findings from this case suggest that interdisciplinary and customized approaches are mandatory for successful management of maxillary hypoplasia, bony defect, and dental problems in Tessier number 0 cleft. Moreover, considering the potential of orthognathic surgery or distraction osteogenesis, meticulous monitoring of mandibular growth until growth completion is important.