• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.712-720
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• 2022

본 연구는 극지 식물플랑크톤의 자외선 영향을 파악하기 위해, Phaeocystis antarctica와 Phaeocystis pouchetii를 대상으로 유색 용존 유기물의 생산과 광반응성을 평가하였다. 강한 자외선에 노출 배양 시, 가시광선 파장대에서 유색 용존 유기물의 흡광도는 두 식물플랑크톤 모두 배양 초기에 비해 48시간 동안 감소하였다. 반면, 자외선 파장에서는 P. antarctica는 48시간 배양 후, 유색 용존 유기물의 흡광도는 초기 농도에 비해 약 30% 감소하였지만, P. pouchetii의 흡광도는 오히려 10% 증가한 경향을 보였다. 이 결과들은 강한 자외선에 노출될 경우, P. antarctica이 생산한 유색 용존 유기물은 광분해에 의한 감소로 인해 해수 중 수중 생태계에 자외선 차단 효과는 감소하는 반면, P. pouchetii가 생산한 유색 용존 유기물에 의한 광보호 효과가 더 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 자외선 영향 하에서 배양된 P. pouchetii의 배양액에서 시간에 따라 증가한 유색 용존 유기물의 형광 특성이 지구 거대물질로 알려진 humic-like (C-peak)와 일치하여, 이는 자외선 차단 물질로 알려진 MAAs 생물 생산에 의한 것임을 확인하였다. 이는 기후변화에 의한 성층화가 강화되는 극지 해양환경에서, 광반응성이 낮은 P. pouchetti가 용존 유기물의 증가에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.546-554
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• 2019

This study, for the first time, reports the functional expression of lipase B derived from the yeast Candida antarctica (CALB) in Corynebacterium strain using the Escherichia coli plasmid PK18. The CALB gene fragment encoding a 317-amino-acid protein was successfully obtained from the total RNA of C. antarctica. CALB was readily produced in the Corynebacterium strain without the use of induction methods described in previous studies. This demonstrated the extracellular production of CALB in the Corynebacterium strain. CALB produced in the Corynebacterium MB001 strain transformed with pEC-CALB recombinant plasmid exhibited maximum extracellular enzymatic activity and high substrate affinity. The optimal pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl laurate by CALB were 9.0 and 40℃, respectively. The enzyme was stable at pH 10.7 in the glycine-KOH buffer and functioned as an alkaline lipase. The CALB activity was inhibited in the presence of high concentration of Mg²⁺, which indicated that CALB is not a metalloenzyme. These properties are key for the industrial application of the enzyme.

• 지구물리
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2004

The variation of geomagnetic field and absolute magnetic field at the geomagnetic observatory of King Sejong Station has been measured with 3-component ring core fluxgate magnetometer, proton magnetometer and D-I magnetometer. With data obtained from King Sejong Station during 2003, thediurnal and annual variations of geomagnetic field were researched and compared with those at other observatories. The deviation of daily variation of magnetic field in antarctica decreased gradually during winter season due to sun effect. The rates of componental annual variation of magnetic field at King Sejong Station were calculated using the least-square method under the assumption that the annual variation of magnetic field is linear. The rates are -55.93 nT/year in horizontal intensity, -0.87 min./year in declination, 58.30 nT/year in vertical intensity, and -69.85 nT/year in total intensity of magnetic field. A remarkable variation was caused by the magnetic storms occurred on 29~30 October, which were so powerful that the variation was observed in mid latitudes as well as high latitudes. The values of variation are generally 1500 2000 nT in Antarctica including King Sejong Station, 350 500 nT in East Asia. The measurement of absolute magnetic field shows that ring core fluxgate magnetometer has relatively large error range under cold temperature.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 특별 심포지엄 논문집
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• pp.63-72
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• 2007

Current estimates of the ice-mass balance over the Greenland and the Antarctica using retrievals of time-varying gravity from GRACE are presented. Two different GRACE gravity data, UTCSR RL01 and UTCSR RL04, are used for the estimates to examine the impact of the relative accuracy of background models in the GRACE data processing for inter-annual variations of GRACE gravity data. In addition, the ice-mass balance is appraised from the conventional GRACE data, which represents global gravity, and the filtered GRACE data, which isolates the terrestrial gravity effect from GRACE gravity data. The former estimate shows that there exists similar negative trends of ice-mass balance over the Greenland from UTCSR RL01 and UTCSR RL04 while the time series from the both GRACE data over the Antarctica differ significantly from each other, and no apparent trends are observed. The result for the Greenland from the latter calculation is similar to the former estimate. However, the latter calculation presents positive trends of ice-mass balance for the Antarctica from both GRACE data. These results imply that residual oceanic geophysical signals, particularly for ocean tides, significantly corrupt the ice-mass estimate over the Antarctica as leakage error. In addition, the spatial alias of GRACE is likely to affect the ice-mass balance because the spatial spectrum of ocean tides is not conserved via GRACE sampling, and thus ocean tides contaminate terrestrial gravity signal. To minimize the alias effect, I suggest to use the combined gravity models from GRACE, SLR and polar motion.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.345-348
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• 2016

In December 2015, we have installed neutron monitor at the Jang Bogo station in Antarctica. The Jang Bogo station is the second science station which is located at the coast ($74^{\circ}\;37.4^{\prime}S$, $164^{\circ}\;13.7^{\prime}E$) of Terra Nova Bay in Northern Victoria Land of Antarctica. A neutron monitor is an instrument to detect neutrons from secondary cosmic rays collided by the atmosphere. The installation of neutron monitor at Jang Bogo station is a part of transferred mission for neutron monitor at McMurdo station of USA. Among 18 tubes of 18-NM64 neutron monitor, we have completed relocation of 6 tubes and the rest will be transferred in December 2017. Currently, comparison of data from both neutron monitors is under way and there is a good agreement between the data. The neutron monitor at Jang Bogo station will be quite useful to study the space weather when the installation is completed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2012

Antarctica is very sensitive to climate change but the number of stations is not sufficient to accurately analyze climate change in this regoin. Model reanalysis data supplements the lack of observation and can be used as long term data to verify climate change. In this study, the 20CR (Twentieth Century Reanalysis) Project data from NCEP/NCAR and monthly mean data (temperature, solar radiation and longwave radiation) from 1871 to 2008, was used to analyze the temperature trend and change in radiation. The 20CR data was used to validate the observation data from Antarctica since 1950 and the correlation coefficients between these data were determined to be over 0.95 at all stations. The temperature increased by approximately $0.23^{\circ}C$/decade during the study period and over $0.20^{\circ}C$/decade over all of the months. This increasing trend was observed throughout the Antarctica and a slight increase was observed in the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, solar radiation (surface) and longwave radiation (surface and top of atmosphere) trends correlated with the increase in temperature. As a result, outgoing longwave radiation at the surface is attenuated by atmospheric water vapor or clouds and radiation at the top of the atmosphere was reduced. In addition, the absorbed energy in the atmosphere increases the temperature of the atmosphere and surface, and then the heated surface emits more longwave radiation. Eventually these processes are repeated in a positive feedback loop, which results in a continuous rise in temperature.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.123-135
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• 1998

Cooperative scientific research in Antarctic has been successful since the International Geophysical Year 1957/1958. Presently, 43 nations have joined the Antarctic Treaty as consultative parties or acceding states, and other treaties and agreements have evolved to conserve the integrity and to manage the resources of the Antarctic ecosystem. Although yet to be designated, tourism areas in Antarctica are under consideration. Due to its remoteness and vast magnitude, Antarctica's science is slowly emerging. Satellite technology has enabled observation of the progression of the ozone hole above Antarctica. Mineral exploitation has yet to take place, as has the transport of Antarctic icebergs to some arid nations. On the other hand, both seal and whale exploitations have occurred, devastating these populations. The lessons learned from past human greed are used to design krill and squid fisheries, though the life histories of these organisms are yet to be adequately understood. An ecosystem approach to managing Antarctic resource exploitation is essential. Procuring the needed logistics to do so is daunting, requiring the highest degree of international cooperation and educational outreach to nurture the needed effective scientific and engineering talent, both natural and social.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 1999년도 국제 Symposium 및 '99 춘계 공동 학술 발표대회
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• pp.55-62
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• 1999

Four species of Paraphysomonas collected from the fast- ice covered area Syowa Station, East Ongul Island ($69^{\circ}00'S,\;39^{\circ}35'$) ,Antarctica occurred in the seawater throughout the year and occasionally in the sea ice. P.. antarctica is distributed to a water depth of 35m at 51.3 during the period from August 1983 to January 1984 and also down to 600m St. 5 in September 1983 at cell concentrations of 300-350 cells/ml. The Paraphysomonas spp. were dominant during the period from July to November 1983 in the area studied. The mode of the occurrence and vertical distribution of Paraphysomonas apparently coresponds to those of the bacteria and orgarnic debris-like matter in the seawater. The main components of the plankton population in the area studied, under ice-covered conditions, are Paraphysomonas, Choanoflagellates and bacteria. This work clarified that Paraphysomonas is one o f the most important bacterivores in the microbial loop of the Antarctic marine ecosystem.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2001

Taxonomic composition of marine benthic algal flora was investigated in an Antarctic bay. Specimens of chlorophyte, chrysophyte and phaeophyte were collected and examined over the period from January 1988 to January 1995 from Maxwell Bay, King George Island. A total of 19 genera and 23 species (7 chlorophytes, 1 chrysophyte and 15 phaeophytes) were identified and described. A chlorophyte Lambia antarctica (Skottsberg) Delepine and a phaeophyte Alethocladus corymbosus (Dickie) Sauvageau were recorded in Maxwell Bay for the first time. Taxonomic keys for the chlorophytes and the phaeophytes were also provided.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.26-26
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• 2013

The high Antarctic plateau is the driest and coldest environment on the surface of the Earth and offers superlative conditions for the conduct of a wide range of astronomical observations, from optical to millimetre wavebands. This includes, especially, the infrared - where the sky background is greatly reduced from temperate sites - and the sub-millimetre / THz bands - where new or cleaner atmospheric windows can be viewed through. Astronomical observations have now been conducted from five locations on the Antarctic plateau - the South Pole, Domes A, C and F, and Ridge A. Ambitious plans for the construction of observatories there have been announced. An IAU Symposium on "Astrophysics from Antarctica" featured as part of last year's IAU General Assembly in Beijing. This talk will provide an overview of astronomy in Antarctica, describing the special conditions that make some forms of observation particularly favourable there, and discuss the development of observatories on the Antarctic plateau and the plans for their future development.