• 제목/요약/키워드: annual weeds

검색결과 134건 처리시간 0.024초

경기 남부지역 논잡초 발생분포 및 군락변화 (Weed Population Distribution and Change of Dominant Weed Species in Paddy Field of Southern Gyeonggi Region)

  • 박중수;원태진;노안성;장재은;김희동
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.86-94
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    • 2014
  • 2013년에 경기 남부지역 벼 재배면적 64.9천ha를 대상으로 약 325 ha당 1점씩을 기준으로 하여 200개 지점에서 답유형, 이앙시기, 농업지대 등으로 구분하여 논잡초 분포를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 발생 논잡초 초종은 화본과 3종, 사초과 5종, 광엽 및 기타 잡초가 11종 등 총 19종으로 2005년 17종에 비해 2종이 증가하였다. 논잡초의 우점도는 올방개> 피> 벗풀> 물달개비> 올챙이고랭이> 가막사리> 순이었으며, 2005년 대비 올방개($30{\rightarrow}21%$), 가막사리($10{\rightarrow}6%$)는 감소하였고, 물달개비(815%), 올챙이고 랭이($2{\rightarrow}9%$), 벗풀($14{\rightarrow}16%$), 피($16{\rightarrow}18%$)는 증가하였다. $m^{-2}$ 당 논잡초 발생량은 2005년 2.83 g 에서 2013년에는 3.51 g으로 0.68 g 증가하였다. 일년생과 다년생잡초의 생활형 비율은 2005년 각각 45.2%: 54.8%에서 2013년에는 각각 45.8%: 54.2%로 나타났다. 논유형별 논잡초 발생분포는 보통답, 습답, 사질답에서 올방개, 염해답에서는 새섬매자기가 최우점 잡초로 나타났다. 이앙기별 논잡초 발생분포는 5월 중순은 올방개, 피, 5월 하순은 물달개비, 올챙이고랭이, 6월 상순은 물달개비, 올방개가 우점하였다. 경운방법별 논잡초 발생분포는 추경은 올방개, 피, 춘경은 올방개, 벗풀이 우점하였으며, 농업지대별 논잡초 발생분포는 남부평야는 올방개, 피, 서부해안은 물달개비, 가막사리, 동부내륙은 올방개, 벗풀이 우점하였다. 농가의 제초제 처리횟수는 2회 이상이 96%로 2005년 62%에 비해 크게 증가하였으며, 적기처리 농가는 89%로 2005년 86%에 비해 소폭 증가하였다. 앞으로 전국적으로 문제가 되고 있는 물달개비, 올챙이고랭이 등 SU계 제초제 저항성 논잡초의 발생 증가가 예상되므로 주기적인 논잡초 발생 모니터링과 아울러 효율적인 방제방법에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각되었다.

무기태 질소와 액상구비의 시용수준이 Orchargrass 초지의 건물수량과 식생구성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Application Rates of Mineral N and Cattle Slurry on the Dry Matter Yield and Botanical Compositions of Orchargrass Sward)

  • 이주삼;김성준;권진욱
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 1995
  • Tlis experiment was to study the effects of application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry on the dry matter yield and botanical compositions of Orchardgrass sward grown in 4 cuttings in a year. Annual rates of mineral N of O($N_0$), 120kg(($N_1$), 240kg(($N_2$) and 360kg/ha(($N_3$) were applied as urea, and cattle slurry applied at rates of O(($N_0=N_0$), $40m^3$($S_1$), $80m^3$(($S_2$) and $120m^3$($S_3$), suppling 120kg, 240kg and 360kgl ha, respectively. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The limiting annual application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry was estimated about 120kg/ ha. 2. The growth of Orchardgrass after the 3rd cut was decreased by summer depression. Consequently, the botanical compositions of Orchardgrass showed only 7.7% and 4.0% in 3rd and 4th cut, respectively. However, the 15 and 17 species of weeds originated in 3rd and 4th cut. 3. The botanical compositions of Amaranthus mangostanus in 3rd cut and Portulacea aleracea in 4th cut were greatly increased with application rates of cattle sluny. 4. Relative efficiency of cattle sluny for the dry matter production of Orchardgrass as compared to mineral N were 93.396, 99.5% and 113.6% in 120kg, 240kg and 360kglha at rates of cattle slurry, respectively.

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잔디밭 잡초 바랭이와 민들레 방제를 위한 살초활성 약용식물의 탐색 (Screening for Herbicidal Medicinal Plants against Digitaria Sanguinalis and Taraxacum Platycarpum in Turf)

  • 김대호;강재영;김인섭;전민구;이재득;김익휘
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 잔디밭 문제 잡초인 바랭이(Digitaria sanguinalis L.)와 민들레(Taraxacum platycarpum H. DAHLST.)에 대한 약용식물 추출물 23종의 살초활성을 조사하였다. 페트리디쉬 검정에서 효과가 나타난 약용식물 추출물을 선발하여 포트에서 발아전 처리를 하였으며, 그 결과 바랭이에서는 울금(61%)과 천궁(62.5%) 추출물에서 발아억제 효과가 나타났으며, 민들레에서는 가죽나무(77.8%) 추출물에서 발아억제 효과가 나타났다. 경엽처리에서는 두 초종 모두 가죽나무 추출물에서 살초효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

유럽 유기농업 현황과 유기경종의 이론 및 핵심기술 - 독일을 중심으로 - (Situation of European Organic Agriculture and its Principle and Skills with special regard to Germany)

  • 손상목
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회지
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    • pp.34-58
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    • 2001
  • Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic farming is covered such as (1)development of organic farming, (2) organic farming organizations, (3)standards and certification, (4)implementation of EU council regulation, (5)state support, (6)implementation of Agenda 2000, (7)training and education, (8)advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by (1)cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, (2)incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure; (1) choice of appropriate species and varieties, (2)appropriate rotation programs, (3)mechanical cultivation, (4)protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, (5)diversified ecosystems, (6)flame weeding, (7)natural enemies, (8)bio-dynamic preparations, (9)mulching and mowing, (10)grazing of animals, (11)mechanical controls, (12)steam sterilization.

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깎기주기, 통기작업, 시비수준 및 비료종류가 한국 잔디의 품질 및 생육에 미치는 영향 (Effect of mowing interval, aeration, and fertility level on the turf quality and growth of zoysiagrass( Zoysia japonica Steud.))

  • 황연성;최준수
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to provide basic understandings for proper management of zoysiagrass fairways. Mowing intervals of 2, 4 and 6-days, with and without aeration were compared at two fertility levels. Turfgrass quality, growth and pest infestation were evaluated. Turf density, number of tillers, leaf width and resiliency were significantly affected by mowing frequency. Turfgrass plots mowed every 2-day had greater density, tillering, and resiliency but had narrower leaf width compared to other mowing treatments. Clipping dry weight with every 2-day mowing increased in the early stage of mowing treatment regardless of fertilizer application rates but gradually decreased in the later stage of mowing treatment compared to every 4 or 6-day mowings. The dry weight of above-ground part was not affected by mowing frequency, but that of underground part was significantly higher for every 6-day mowing frequency(3.3kg/day/m2) compared to every 2 or 4-day mowings. The organic mater content in soil was not different among mowing treatments but it was significantly reduced by the core aerification treatment, indicating significant effect of core aerification on thatch decomposition. Occurrences of weeds such as annual bluegrass and crabgrass according to mowing frequency were greater in every 2-day mowing treatment, while plots mowed every 6 days had less weed occurrence. Occurrence of rusts significantly increased in high fertility plots and frequently mowed turfgrasses.

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Codex 유기식품규격 내용과 한국 유기경종과 축산의 적응 실천 (Codex Guideline for Organically Grown Food and its Implementation of Organic Crop and Animal Production in Korea)

  • 손상목
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.17-34
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    • 2000
  • This paper is aim to report the core aspects of Codex guideline for organically grown food which is finalized by FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission on May 2000 in 28th session of the Codex committee on food labelling. The chapter of animal production had discussed for a long time before it was finalized in Ottawa/canada as well as use of GMO(Genetically modified organism), manure from factory farming, animal welfare, and fodder inputs consisting of at least 85% for ruminants and 80% for non-ruminants. As the guideline for Codex set out the several things which is very difficult for Asian country, Organic farmer in Korea should pay an attention to maintain/increase the fertility and biological activity by cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting plants in an appropriate multi-annual rotation programme, and incorporation in the soil of organic material from holding producing in accordance with the guidelines. Pest, diseases and weeds should be controlled by choice of appropriate varieties, appropriate rotation, mechanical cultivation, diversified ecosystems, flame weeding, animal weeding and steam sterilization. The use of plant growth hormone, GMO and manure from industrial management system are not allowed, and closed recycling system, rotation, resistant seeds again pest and disease should be practiced in organic farming. But these are not unfortunately practiced in the country. In the conclusion it was strongly suggested to enact the Basic Standard for Korean organic agriculture which contains the core principles of Codex guidelines, and to try the importation of the most advanced theory, skills and technology from leading country in organic farming.

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유기작물재배의 이론 및 핵심기술 -독일을 중심으로- (Principles and Skills of Organic Crop Production with special regards to Germany)

  • 손상목
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.71-93
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    • 2001
  • Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic forming is covered such as \circled1 development of organic farming, \circled2organic farming organizations, \circled3standards and certification, \circled4implementation of EU council regulation, \circled5state support, \circled6implementation of Agenda 2000, \circled7training and education, \circled8advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by \circled1cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, \circled2incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure ; \circled1choice of appropriate species and varieties, \circled2appropriate rotation programs, \circled3mechanical cultivation, \circled4protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, \circled5diversified ecosystems, \circled6flame weeding, \circled7natural enemies, \circled8bio-dynamic preparations, \circled9mulching and mowing, \circled10grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫steam sterilization.

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예취빈도가 영년초지의 식생구성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Cutting Frequencies on Botanical Composition in Permanent Grassland)

  • 조익환
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1994
  • This experiment was carried out to study the effect of cutting frequencies(2, 3: one time grazed after 2 cuts, 3, 4, 6 cuts per year) and nitrogen fertilization(0 and 120 kg per ha and year) on botanical composition of permanent grassland at the "Federal Research Institute for Agriculture in Alpine Regions(Gumpenstein)," Austria The results are summarized as follows: 1. With only fertilizing phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),mean annual dry matter yields were 6.9 - 8.4 ton per ha and highest when only one time grazed after 2 cuts, but fell progressively with increase in cutting frequency and additonal fertilization of nitrogen. The average nitrogen efficiences expensed as dry matter yieldsfig) per feltilized nitrogenfig per ha) were 10.3 kg. 2. When N fertilizer was applied, the proportion of tall and medium grasses in the mixed swards increased by 30 - 50% compared with only fertilizing PK. Whereas swards with fertilizing only PK generally stimulated composition of the legumes at the expense of the grasses(30 - 50%). 3. Although the proportion of tall and medium grasses(Trisetum flavescens and Dachlis glomerara) and tall herbs(hntodon hispidus, Taraxacum oflcinale and Aegopodium podagraria) increased by infrequent cutting, frequently cutting plots helped increase the proportion of short grasses(Poa pratensis and Poa trivialis), especially where plots both had been applied with nitrogen fertilizer. 4. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in higher existence of herbs and weeds such as Taramcum oficinale. Aegopodium podagraria, Galium mllugo, Anthriscus silvestris and Lamium album. 5. Due to unusually high or low cutting frequencies such as 4 cuts or 2 cuts per year increased botanical compostion of Heracleum sphondylium.hondylium.

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논 제초제 브로모뷰타이드·이마조설퓨론·메페나셋 입제의 생물특성 (Biological Characteristics of Bromobutide+Imazosulfuron+Mefenacet GR Using Paddy Field)

  • 이인용;김창석;이정란;문병철;정용균
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.401-404
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    • 2011
  • Bromobutide는 일년생잡초 뿐만 아니라 다년생잡초를 효과적으로 방제할 수 있는 논 제초제이다. 이 약제는 특히 물달개비 등 광엽잡초와 올챙이고랭이 등 사초과잡초에 대해 우수한 제초제효과가 있으며, 다른 약제와 혼합으로 잡초 스펙트럼 및 처리적기를 넓힐 수 있다. Bromobutide는 포장조건, 기상조건 등의 영향을 받지 않아 안정한 효력을 발휘하며, 약해가 거의 없이 안전하다.

벼 재배기간중 전남동부지역 농촌하천의 수질과 분포초종 (Water Quality of Streams and Riparian Vegetation at Rice Cultivation Area of Eastern Jeonnam)

  • 이도진;조주식;국용인;안호근
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 2003
  • 전남 동부권에 위치하는 농경지 주변 4개 하천에 대하여 벼 재재기간을 전후한 시기에 하천수질의 특성과 분포하는 초종을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 하천수질 특성은 다양하였으며 조사기간 중 각 하천수의 pH는 $6.5{\sim}8.3$ 범위였고, EC는 벌교천($162{\sim}4,910\;{\mu}S/cm$)에서 가장 높았으며 보성천($114.7{\sim}286.6\;{\mu}S/cm$), 송광천($74.8{\sim}147.4\;{\mu}S/cm$), 이사천($61.6{\sim}82.1\;{\mu}S/cm$)순이었다. 조사기간 중 총질소 함량은 보성천($1.9{\sim}7.4\;mg/L$), 벌교천($2.1{\sim}3.9\;mg/L$), 송광천($2.4{\sim}3.4\;mg/L$), 이사천($1.7{\sim}2.6\;mg/L$)순으로 호소수질 환경기준 1등급(0.2 mg/L)과 농업용수 수질기준(1 mg/L)을 모두 초과하였다. 그 밖의 대부분 조사항목 Ca, Mg, Na, $Cl^-$ 등)은 하천에 따른 함유량 고저 차이는 있었으나 모내기를 전후한 시기에 영양염류 함량이 가장 높게 나타나 보성천에서는 5월, 송광천과 이사천에서는 6월이었다. 4개 하천의 조사지점에서 관찰된 초종수는 모두 16과 30종이었으며 송광찬 보성찬 이사찬 벌교천에서 각각 18종, 19종, 15종 및 5종으로서 다년생은 17종, 일년생과 2년생은 13종이 출현하였다. 침수성 초종은 검정말 말즘, 물수세미, 부유성 초종은 개구리밥과 좀개구리밥, 추수성 초종은 갈대, 고마리, 미나리, 여뀌, 줄 등이 관찰되었다. 물가와 주변에서는 개구리자리, 개피, 달뿌리풀, 돌소리쟁이, 물억새, 미국가막사리, 바늘골, 방동사니대가리, 뱀딸기, 사마귀풀 삿갓사초 살갈퀴, 선피막이, 소리쟁이, 쇠방동사니, 여뀌바늘, 큰도꼬마리, 토끼풀, 환삼덩쿨, 황새냉이 등의 20종이 관찰되었으며 그 중 고마리, 소리쟁이, 환삼덩쿨은 하천의 모든 조사지점에 출현하였다.