• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.479-483
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• 1996

본 논문은 구운 분석의 검색 영역 축소를 통한 구문 분석기의 성능 향상을 목적으로 connectionism을 이용한 부분 구문 인식기의 설계와 구현을 기술한다. 본 부분 구문 인식기는 형태소 분석된 문장으로부터 명사-주어부와 술어부를 인식함으로써 전체 검색 영역을 여러 부분으로 나누어 구문 분석문제를 축소시키는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. Connectionist 모델은 입력층과 출력층으로 구성된 개선된 퍼셉트론 구조이며, 입/출력층 사이의 노드들을, 입력층 사이의 노드들을 연결하는 연결 강도(weight)가 존재한다. 명사-주어부 및 술어부 구문 태그를 connectionist 모델에 적용하며, 학습 알고리즘으로는 개선된 백프로퍼게이션 학습 알고리즘을 사용한다. 부분 구문 인식 실험은 112개 문장의 학습 코퍼스와 46개 문장의 실험 코퍼스에 대하여 85.7%와 80.4%의 정확한 명사-주어부 및 술어부 인식을, 94.6%와 95.7%의 명사-주어부와 술어부 사이의 올바른 경계 인식을 보여준다.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2017

Objectives: Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin), which belongs to the Ranunculacea family, is an annual herb with many pharmacological properties. Among its many active constituents, thymoquinone (TQ) is the most abundant constituent of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seeds, and it is the constituent to which most properties of this herb are attributed. Methods: PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the therapeutic effects of N. sativa and/or TQ. In this review, we investigated the clinical uses of N. sativa and TQ in the prevention and the treatment of different diseases and morbidity conditions in humans. Results: Black seed and TQ are shown to possess multiple useful effects for the treatment of patients with several diseases, such as inflammatory and auto-immune disorders, as well as metabolic syndrome. Also, other advantages, including antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive and anti-epileptic properties, have been documented. The side effects of this herbal medicine appear not to be serious, so it can be applied in clinical trials because of its many advantages. Conclusion: Some effects of N. sativa, such as its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and bronchodilatory effects, have been sufficiently studied and are sufficiently understood to allow for the next phase of clinical trials or drug developments. However, most of its other effects and applications require further clinical and animal studies.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.514-519
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 세종 구문 코퍼스를 의존 구문 코퍼스로 변환할 때 사용되는 중심어 전파(Head-Percolation) 규칙에 대하여 논의한다. 한국어는 중심어-후위 언어이기 때문에 의존 구문 트리를 구축할 때 지배소를 의존소 뒤에 배치시키는 것을 원칙으로 하였다. 그러나 의존 관계에 있는 단어 사이에 지배소를 앞쪽으로 설정하는 것이 더 자연스러운 경우가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지배소를 앞쪽으로 배치시키는 것을 허용하는 중심어 전파 규칙을 채택하여 의존 구문 코퍼스를 구축해 보고 중심어 전파 규칙이 구문 분석기의 성능에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴본다. 실험 결과 지배소를 앞쪽으로 설정하는 것을 허용한 경우, 0.43%의 성능 저하가 있었으나 학습 코퍼스의 일관성을 유지한다면 성능 저하의 차이를 좀 더 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1993

Since November 1990, the observations of carbon dioxide$(CO_2)$ levels have been carried out at Tae-ahn Peninsula(TAP) in Korea. Analysis on atmospheric data obtained in the period from November 1990 to August 1992 is carried out and the results are included in this study. It is observed that variations of monthly average level on $CO_2$ are in the range of 315.72 $\sim$ 365.37ppm(amplitude 17.65ppm). The seasonal variation is large with a maximum occurring in March-April and with a minimum in July-August. A comparison of TAP data is made with data obtained at Ryori in Japan for 1991. The annual average value of TAP is 1.79ppm higher than that of Ryori. It is also found that in summer the minimum level of $CO_2$ at TAP is almost same as the $CO_2$ level occurring at Quinghai Province in China and at Ulaan Uul in Mongolia. Albeit, a maximum concentration of $CO_2$ at TAP is slightly higher than that of the same gas observed at other sites in spring. We interpret that TAP is generally under the influence of airflows coming from China. According to analysis of trajectories and airflows, we find the high values of $CO_2$ when an air flow is originated mainly from China and when an airflow is both of local(Korea) and of China origins. In contrast, when an airflow of maritime origin arrives, a low value of the atmospheric constituent is observed at TAP.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2000

This study can be expressed by gathered and formed into the exhibition space's structure practical progress/ application. For the one model of fascinating exhibition's space thru inter-space's pertinent adjustment, production between spactator and exhibition constituent on an exhibition story-line, I adjusted the focus to follow mentioned methods systematically for the example; An exhibition space is completed to be very impressive and attractive space by proper adjustment and production of M-M/C interface in exhibition storyline. Quantity space is transfered into quality space through the transmission of an exhibition which can be define as the point of an exhibition structure. And also could de transferd into a bodily sensation space that inherent full of interactive constituent. Changeable exhibition constituents (exhibition item and text) that sporadically expatiated (not trimed, the original form) in the process of an exhibition structure draw much higer quality of the optimal solution in optimize process which is given when aggregate again to contextual flow of synthetic exhibition scenario. Reconstruction of individual exhibition constituents to the new story, that is, transference of exhibition text to exhibition context is inspirit to an exhibition by maximize the exhibition effect in connection can be systematized through carrying out an outcentripetalpart. However, since pattern of an exhibition structure that consequtively meet variety spacetime of an exhibittion environmental can't be exist, this study presents centralizing the exhibition plan of Korea communication pavilion of the annual Expo Comm Wireress Korea, sustained process from design proposal, research and analysis to synthesis, development, transmission and management to an example of an applying crystallization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.72-80
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• 2014

The approximately highest high water(AHHW), which has been used frequently as a basis of the design sea level, has not only ambiguous return period but also spatio-temporal problems induced by sea level rise and the spatial variability of tidal characteristics. The ratios of 4 major constituents with other constituents were investigated. In addition, tidal data were analyzed by probability density function. The temporal variability may be cured by using the latest tidal data. And the AHHW at summer was examined to lessen the spatial variability. The results show that the design sea levels need to increase by 10 cm or more at the Southern Coast and by 15~25 cm at the East Coast.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-36
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• 2021

The solar annual (Sa) and semiannual (Ssa) tides account for much of the non-uniform annual and seasonal variability observed in sea levels. These non-equilibrium tides depend on atmospheric variations, forced by changes in the Sun's distance and declination, as well as on hydrographic conditions. Here we employ tidal harmonic analyses to calculate Sa and Ssa harmonic constants for 21 Korean coastal tidal stations (TS), operated by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency. We used 19 year-long (1999 to 2017) 1 hr-interval sea level records from each site, and used two conventional harmonic analysis (HA) programs (Task2K and UTide). The stability of Sa harmonic constants was estimated with respect to starting date and record length of the data, and we examined the spatial distribution of the calculated Sa and Ssa harmonic constants. HA was performed on Incheon TS (ITS) records using 369-day subsets; the first start date was January 1, 1999, the subsequent data subset starting 24 hours later, and so on up until the final start date was December 27, 2017. Variations in the Sa constants produced by the two HA packages had similar magnitudes and start date sensitivity. Results from the two HA packages had a large difference in phase lag (about 78°) but relatively small amplitude (<1 cm) difference. The phase lag difference occurred in large part since Task2K excludes the perihelion astronomical variable. Sensitivity of the ITS Sa constants to data record length (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 19 years) was also tested to determine the data length needed to yield stable Sa results. HA results revealed that 5 to 9 year sea level records could estimate Sa harmonic constants with relatively small error, while the best results are produced using 19 year-long records. As noted earlier, Sa amplitudes vary with regional hydrographic and atmospheric conditions. Sa amplitudes at the twenty one TS ranged from 15.0 to 18.6 cm, 10.7 to 17.5 cm, and 10.5 to 13.0 cm, along the west coast, south coast including Jejudo, and east coast including Ulleungdo, respectively. Except at Ulleungdo, it was found that the Ssa constituent contributes to produce asymmetric seasonal sea level variation and it delays (hastens) the highest (lowest) sea levels. Comparisons between monthly mean, air-pressure adjusted, and steric sea level variations revealed that year-to-year and asymmetric seasonal variations in sea levels were largely produced by steric sea level variation and inverted barometer effect.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.682-692
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• 2008

Fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) were collected and analyzed from November 2005 through August 2007 in Chuncheon, Korea to investigate the characteristics of $PM_{2.5}$ and its ionic constituents. The average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration during the study period was $39{\mu}g/m^3$, which is almost two times higher than the annual US NAAQS $PM_{2.5}$ standard of $15{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were higher in spring and winter than in summer and fall. During spring, Asian Dust events dramatically enhanced $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, and long-range transport of $PM_{2.5}$ emitted in industrial area of China often occurred during winter based on trajectory analysis. Contribution of $PM_{2.5}$ to $PM_{10}$ concentrations ranged from $72{\mu}g/m^3$ during Asian Dust events to $457{\mu}g/m^3$, indicating that a large portion of $PM_{2.5{\sim}10}$ was transported from China during Asian Dust events. Among the major ionic constituents ${SO_4}^{2-}$ showed the highest concentration, followed by ${NH_4}^+$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${NO_2}^-$. Chuncheon appeared to be ${NH_4}^+$ rich environment, indicating that $(NH_4)_{2}SO_4$ and ${NH_4}{NO_3}$ were the predominant forms of ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^2$ in $PM_{2.5}$. Haze has frequently occurred in Chuncheon since So-Yang dam was constructed in 1973. Haze events were observed on 23 days during sampling period, and the average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was approximately 1.6 times higher during haze events than during non-haze events. This result suggests that haze enhances the secondary aerosol formation because the aerosol spontaneously absorbs water to form a saturated salt solution, deriving a significant increase in the mass of the particle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.497-512
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• 2017

Temporal and spatial variations in surface water temperature were studied using data from temperature monitoring buoys deployed at 47 stations around Boryeong from 2011-2012 off the west coast of Korea. Temperature fluctuations are predominant at diurnal and semidiurnal periods for all seasons, and their amplitudes are large in spring and summer but small in autumn. The maximum annual change in air temperature takes place on August 2nd and August 22th for water temperature, which means the phase for air temperature precedes water temperature by 20 days. The diurnal period of water temperature fluctuation is predominant around Daecheon and Muchangpo Harbors, with the semidiurnal period around Wonsan Island, and the shallow water constituent period on the estuary around Daecheon River. On the whole, air and water temperatures fluctuate with wind. Spectral analyses of temperature records show significant peaks at the 0.5, 1 and 15 day marks with 7-10 day periods of predominant fluctuations. Cross-correlation analyses for the temperature fluctuation show that the waters around Boryeong can be classified into four areas: a mixed water zone around the southeast side of Wonsan Island, an off-shore area to the west, an off-shore area to the south and a coastal area along the shore from Song Island to Muchangpo Harbor.