• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.611-621
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to verify the impact of dental health care insurance coverage policy by analyzing the changes in dental care utilization and expenditures over 5 years from 2012 to 2016, when the dental health insurance coverage expansion policy was implemented. From the national cohort data collected by the Korea Health Panel Survey, a retrospective study was conducted for all household members using dental services. Methods: This study statistically verified the difference in the dependent variables by frequency analysis, chi-square test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (SPSS version 22, IBM Co. USA, p<0.05). Results: The annual utilization rate steadily increased from 23.4% to 26.1% between 2012 and 2016. Although there were differences in utilization rates by gender, age, and income level, patients kept using the dental services in 2016 regardless of the type of health insurance. The average annual copayment for patient expenditures (out-of-pocket amount) increased from ￦463,844 to ￦537,401 in 2012 and 2016, respectively. Of the dental care expenditures over 5 years, the ratio of uninsured expenses by the elderly decreased from 38.5% to 25.9%, and the national health insurance service coverage increased from 40.3% to 49.1%. Conclusions: Although this policy did not reduce overall patient expenditures, it has been found that there was a positive effect on the elderly and low-income groups; it increased the utilization and access to dental services.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.180-192
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• 2005

In this paper I tried quantitative measures of the rent-seeking for budgetary allocations in Korean fisheries. There is a great deal of ignorance about the level of rent-seeking that takes place as a consequence of government expenditures and the potential for influencing their allocation, and so the attempt by Kats and Rosenberg(1989) to measure this in terms of the extent of annual changes in these allocations was a significant step forward. The opportunity to concentrate net public expenditure benefits within the fiscal function of the state gives rise to rent-seeking by special interest taxpayer-citizens through government budget allocations, special interest groups and coalitions of special interest groups. There are several important implications of budgetary rent-seeking. Budgetary rent-seeking is composed of 'income' and substitution effects, the budgetary 'income' effect is the general increase in government expenditures from one period to another. According to result of this analysis, average expenditures were 17.0% of total fisheries budget in 1966-2005. Therefore, distribution of fisheries budget should be converted by indirect support systems to reduce these rent-seeking behaviors.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

This paper analyzes data on the plant species diversity and their contribution to the livelihoods of rural people in five villages of Domar upazila, Nilphamari district, Bangladesh. Assessment was done by means of multistage random sampling. Information collected from a total of 40 households ranging from small, medium and large categories. A total of 52 plant species belonging to 34 families were identified as being important to local livelihoods. Fruits (37%), timber (23%) and medicinal (17%) species were the most important plant use categories. Determination of the relative density of the different species revealed that Areca catechu constitutes 19.17% of homestead vegetation of the area followed by Artocarpus heterophyllus, which occupies 10.34%. Margalef index showed that there is no major difference (5.11 for large, 5.49 for medium, 4.73 for small) across the different size classes and Shannon-Weiner Index of the study area varies from 2.75 to 2.98. Results show that the average annual homestead income varied from US$108.69 to US$291.67 and contribute 6.63% of the household income.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2008

This study is to explore how the employees of tourist hotels perceive moderate room rates and price acceptance. Sampling was taken among employees for deluxe hotels at Yusong in Daejeon. A total of 150 samples were distributed and 124 valid samples were selected for this research. Answers were processed by SPSS 15.0 after data coding. The results of study are as follows; First, annual average sales price of hotel rooms is \99,223, and the rack rates take up 49.7% of the transaction rates. Second, the rack rates which many employees think moderate are in the range of $50.09{\sim}75.13%(\100,000{\sim}150,000)$ of the rack rates. Third, many employees consider $40.07{\sim}50.09%(\80,000{\sim}100,000)$ of the rack rates as the moderate acceptability rates. Finally, the differences of fair rates by age and annual income were noticeable. These hotels ought to narrow the gap between rack rates and transaction rates. This study has a meaning to draw up a new plan for the room rate policy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2019

Scabies is a parasitic skin infection with intense itching. Scabies infection seriously impairs quality of life, while outbreaks in medical institutions cause financial losses. This study aimed to present the annual and seasonal trend of prevalence of scabies in the national population. Scabies cases were extracted from National Health Insurance Service database and its epidemiologic characteristics were assessed. To analyze the seasonality of scabies occurrence, temperature and humidity were included in the model as weather factors, and the per capita gross national income index was adjusted. The annual prevalence by age group was 0.56-0.69 per 1,000 persons until the age of 40 years and peaked at 3.0-4.1 per 1,000 persons in the age group over 80 years. The number of women diagnosed with scabies has been consistently higher compared to that of men since 2010. Mean number of cases diagnosed as scabies was lowest in spring, approximately 4,000 cases, when the average temperature was less than $5^{\circ}C$ at 2 months prior, whereas more than 6,000 scabies cases occurred in autumn when temperatures exceeded $25^{\circ}C$ at 2 months prior. This study presents the epidemiological characteristics and seasonality of all cases nationwide over 8 years and will help to establish control policies.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2017

본 연구는 뇌혈관질환자의 년간 총직접비용에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 2012년 한국의료패널 조사자 중 2012년 한 해 동안 뇌혈관질환으로 응급, 입원, 외래서비스를 1건 이상 이용하였다고 응답한 265명을 대상으로 하였다. 뇌혈관질환자 일반사항은 2012년에 한국의료패널 응답자 중 뇌혈관질환으로 응급, 입원, 외래서비스를 이용한 응답자의 비율이다. 연구방법은 응급, 입원, 외래서비스의 평균의료비와 가중평균을 적용하여 직접비용을 산출한 후 년간 총직접비용을 산출하였다. 연구결과는 뇌혈관질환자가 1인당 연 평균 본인부담 의료비 지출액은 약 561,934원이고, 남성은 669,557원, 여성은 448,696원이다. 건강보험 가입자의 경우 뇌혈관질환으로 인한 1인당 본인부담액은 평균 634,459원이고 의료급여 수급자는 160,236원이었다. 뇌혈관질환자가 265명의 연 평균 총직접비용은 약 162,165,690이고, 남성은 193,223,955원, 여성은 129,486,685이다. 건강보험가입자의 경우 뇌혈관질환으로 인한 1인당 총직접비용은 평균 183,095,125원이고 의료급여 수급자는 46,241,705원이었다. 가구소득별로 보면, 가구 소득 3분위에 속한 환자는 672,268원으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 5분위에 속한 환자는 108,970,650원 으로 뇌혈관질환자의 총직접비용이 가장 낮았다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.433-459
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• 2001

The water quality of Paldang reservoir now grades the third class water based on COD criterion, meaning that it is no longer suitable for drinking. This study attempted to estimate the economic value of water quality improvement in Paldang reservoir using CVM. The survey used payment card format to measure the willingness to pay of the questionnaire respondents for the improvement of water quality and also factors that affect the WTP. The survey showed that men rather than women, those had higher income and paid more water supply charges, those who lived in the area for a shorter period of time, those who do not use city water for drinking, had willingness to pay more. The WTP was estimated 4,952 to 5,497 won on a monthly average. The economic value of the improvement of the water quality of Paldang reservoir was estimated between 344.2~382.1 billion won on an annual basis.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.311-315
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• 2008

Because of developing medical science, lengthening the average life span and so on, the population of the elderly goes on increasing. The population of the healthy and high-income old people are increasing, also. So this study aimed to grasp the facilities and program situation of the welfare hall for the elderly as a welfare-leisure institution. The elderly be going to a hall are anticipated too many, based on the number of the hall per local old people. The majority of the hall are organized similar spaces and progams in them. There are almost not different things among the welfare halls and the locations. So they should be set on the aged' higher requirements and the old man's need varying in different localities. Also, 'gyoungrodang' remodeled in facilities and programs near their houses is likely to be recommended as the nest best thing.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of "characteristics for household management" and "attitudes toward household management" on wives' personal expenses. The data were obtained from the F-GENS Korea Panel Survey of Ochanomizu University. The responses were gathered from married people in Seoul and its surrounding metropolitan area. The sample for this study was comprised of 473 married women. ANOVA and multiple-regression models were used to analyze the data. The results are summarized below. First, 13.5 percent of the respondents have zero personal expenses. Second, the personal expenses among the wives differed depending on their annual average income levels. Also, their personal expenses differed based on their type of employment. Third, the "expenditure ratio for family" and "expenditure ratio for children" negatively affected their personal expenses. Fourth, the women who had responsibility for the management of their households had lower personal expenses than the others.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1997

Hokkaido, as center of Japanese dairying, 3.48 million tons of raw milk which was about 40% of total production in Japan were produced from 11,400 farms in 1996. The average herd size and the annual volume of milking per head in Hokkaido were 78 head, 7,200kg, and the quality of raw milk also is much better than that of other area in Japan. Raw milk having less than 100,000/ml in viable count and less than 300,000/ml of somatic cell count were 99.6%, 93% respectively. In spite of producing large amount of high quality milk, only 26% of total amount was processed as market milk and 76% was used for making dairy products like butter, cheese and milk powder. Therefore, because of big difference in price between the raw milk for market milk and for dairy products. the income of dairy farms are much less comparing to other parts of Japan, where most of the raw milk are consumed as market milk.