• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 2004

This work has been conducted to select appropriate filter materials for removing carbonyl compounds in mainstream tobacco smoke. To investigate of the usability of this filter materials, two types of bead ion exchangers were synthesized and their adsorption characteristics for carbonyl compounds were investigated. Sulfonic acid group-containing cation exchanger and ammonium group-containing anion exchanger were synthesized by the suspension polymerization of glycidylmethacrylate(GMA) and divinylbenzene(DVB) followed by the subsequent functionalization, respectively. The removal efficiency of carbonyl compounds by these two ion exchangers increased in the presence of moisture. However, the amount of carbonyl compounds adsorbed on the anion exchanger was larger than that on the cation exchanger under two levels of water contents tested. This phenomenon seems to arise from the electron delocalization in carbonyl group of the anion exchangers. There was not any significant relationship between the amount of carbonyl compounds adsorbed on ion exchangers and the length of adsorption column. From the large ion exchange capacity and rapid ion exchange reaction rate of the anion exchanger, it is suggested that the anion exchanger may be a good filter material for removing carbonyl compounds in the mainstream tobacco smoke.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2007

The amount of nitrate in the tobacco leaf has been shown to be correlated with the levels of alkaloids and nitrosamines. Also the nitrate content of the tobacco correlated closely with the smoke delivery of nitric oxide and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). These are related with the effect of the reconstituted tobacco leaf(Recon) using the tobacco stems. Adsorption process is gaining interest as one of the effective processes of advanced liquid treatment for liquid containing unnecessary materials. This study is focused on the evaluation of four anion exchangers, a cation exchanger and an activated carbon, as adsorbents for reduction of nitrate anion from Recon extract. In order to analyze the nitrate anion, the IC method used in this work was carried out with a Dionex ICS-2000 system. The effects of dosages of adsorbents and concentration of extract on the removal of nitrate anion were examined. Experimental results showed that for nitrate-anion exchanger, nitrate-cation exchanger and nitrate-activated carbon adsorption system, approximately 70 %, 10 %, and 4 % removal efficiencies were achieved at the Brix 10 and the 20 % addition. Although the activated carbon was little efficient for removal of nitrate ion, the removal of nicotine was very efficient at given conditions.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.799-806
• /
• 1995

In industrial field, a large volume of regenerants (acid and caustic soda) and their washing effluents are regularly disposed off from the water demineralization plant during regeneration of the ion-exchanger units. Of these waste effluents, a part of the wash water discharged from the single bed Anion and Mixed Bed units can be utilized at a certain stage of their washing cycles when its conductivity is fallen down and becomes considerably less than that of the input raw water. The main aim of this specific waste effluent utilization is to dilute the TDS concentration of the input raw water (fed into the single bed ion-exchanger units) by blending. The achievement is the increase of the longevity of the production cycles of the I.E. units along with the improvement of the production quality and decrease of the regeneration frequencies. As a result, regenerant consumption would be saved because of the reduction of ionic load in feed water which will ultimately reduce the water purification cost. At the same time, the environment pollution will also be protected to a considerable extent. This operational measure is quite effective and useful specially where high TDS water is demineralized only by single bed ion-exchangers. In such case, the water treatment plant is very often found to suffer from both production quality and quantity in addition to carrying out of random and restless regenerations. Proper reuses of the aforesaid wash water effluents of the Anion and MB units excellently minimizes the difficulties experienced in practice. This paper contains the utilities and techniques of reuses of the different kinds of waste effluents of the industrial water treatment plant in addition to the specific reuses of the post-regeneration wash waters of the Anion and MB ion-exchanger units.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2013

The concern for dissolved phosphate in water/wastewater has been increasing because of the risk for eutrophication. A variety of conventional and advanced technologies were applied to meet the enforced new regulation of phosphate around the world. However, there still remained a lot of challenge because most introduced/developed method, for example, biological and physic-chemical treatment is not easy to satisfy the new regulation of phosphate in water. In order to meet the new regulation, the application of ion exchanger has been tried which showed that the removal efficiency for phosphate was strongly determined by in the presence of the competing ion, especially sulfate. As results, a new class of ion exchanger governed by ligand exchange was developed and investigated to increase the selectivity for phosphate. The current study using organic/inorganic anion exchanger developed with Lewis acid-base interaction confirms the selectivity for phosphate over sulfate. According to isotherm test and column test, the value of the maximum phosphate uptake (Q) showed 64 mg/g as $po{_4}^{3-}$ and the breakthrough for phosphate occurs after 1000 min and completely finishes at 2500 min, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2004

The existing technological schemes for processing rhenium-containing raw materials involve the recovery of Re from solutions, which can be effectively achieved by anion exchange method. The application of anion exchange also allows to study rhenium state in aqueous solutions and to develop analytical control methods. The present work is focused on investigation of ion exchange equilibrium in the analytical system Re(VII)-HCl-$SnCl_2$-KSCN-anion exchanger by means of sorption-desorption method as well as by electron, IR- and diffuse reflection spectroscopy. It was shown that rhenium can be quantitatively recovered from this system. It is proposed to use the sorption-spectroscopic method for Re(VII) determination in aqueous solutions. The calibration curve is linear in the concentration range of 0.5-20.0 mg/L (sample volume is 25.0 mL) and the detection limit is 0.05 mg/L. The presence of Mo(VI), Cu(II), Fe(II, III), Ni(II), Zn(II) as well as $K^+,\;Na^+$ do not hinder the solid-phase determination of rhenium. Rhenium (VII) determination by diffuse reflection spectroscopy was carried out in model solutions as well as in samples of river-derived water and in solutions obtained after the dissolution of spent catalysts.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2005

담배 주류연 중 카보닐 화합물의 감소를 위한 필터 물질로 비드 형상의 양이온 및 음이온교환체를 glycidylmethacrylate(GMA)와 d9ivinylbenzene(DVB)의 현탁중합에 의해 중합체를 합성한 후 설폰화 반응 및 아민화 반응에 의해 합성하였다. 합성한 이온교환체의 구조는 FT-IR/ATR을 이용하여 확인하였으며 SEM을 이용하여 주류연 흡착에 따른 이온교환체의 표면을 관찰하였다. 또한 이온교환용량, 관능화율 및 담배 주류연 중 카보닐 화합물의 흡착 특성을 확인하였다. 관능화율과 이온교환용량은 공단량체 중 DVB의 함량이 5 wt%에서 최대를 나타내었다. 이온교환체에 의한 담배 주류연 중 카보닐 흡착량은 카보닐기 내의 전자 편재화에 의한 음이온교환반응이 더 용이하여 음이온교환체에서 더 높게 나타났으며, 수분 존재 시 더 많은 흡착량을 나타내었다. 또한 짧은 접촉 시간에서도 높은 흡착량을 가지고 있어 궐련 필터의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.765-773
• /
• 2001

본 연구에서는 수중의 $Co^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$ , $Cr_2O_7\;^{2-}$등의 유해이온을 선택적으로 흡착 제거시키기 위하여 단량체의 몰비를 달리하여 AN-co-(MMA/IA)를 합성하고, 습식방사에 의해 제조한 PAN 섬유를 산가수분해하여 PAN계 다관능성 이온교환섬유를 합성하였다. 또한 합성한 이온교환섬유의 구조, 관능화도, 이온교환용량, 분포계수. 기계적 물성 등을 시험하였다. 이온교환체의 음이온교환 용량은 IA의 mole 함량이 증가함에 따라 4.5~4.2 meq/g으로 감소하고, 양이온교환용량은 1.8-2.2 meq/g으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 인장감도는 공중합체 내에 IA의 함량이 0.008 mol%까지 증가하여 216 $kg/cm^2$로 최대값을 나타냈고, AN-co-(MMA/IA) 이온교환체의 분포계수 측정 결과 Co(II)와 Ni(II)는 pH 5-6영역에서 최대를 보였고, Cr(III)는 pH 3-4에서 최대값을 나타냈다. 또한 다성분 계상에서의 연속식 흡착 실험에서 Cr(III > Co(II) > Ni(II)의 순으로 선택능을 나타냈다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

열 안정성과 우수한 기계적 성질을 갖는 poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES)을 음이온교환수지의 지지체로 이용하였다. $1^{\circ}$-Aminated poly(arylene ether sulfone) ($1^{\circ}$-APAES)은 PAES을 리튬화한후 환원 반응시켜 제조하였고, $3^{\circ}$-APAES의 아민기를 알킬화 반응시켜 제조하였다. PAES와 APAES들의 구조는 FT-IR과 H$^1$-NMR으로 확인하였고, 열적 특성은 DSC와 TG 분석을 통하여 조사하였다. PAES에 아민기가 도입됨에 따라 $T_g$는 증가하였고, 초기 열분해 온도는 감소하였다. $1^{\circ}$-APAES과 $3^{\circ}$-APAES의 이온교환용량은 각각 1.19와 1.45 meq/g 이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1832-1838
• /
• 2006

The present paper is focused on sorption concentration of silver (I) on some complex-forming ion exchangers in the initial thiocyanate form and subsequent determination of Ag(I) in the phase of anion exchanger AN-25 by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The sorption and kinetic characteristics of the sorbents were investigated. The apparent stability constants of thiocyanate silver complexes in the ion exchanger phase were calculated. The sorption-spectroscopic method is proposed for Ag(I) determination in aqueous solutions. The calibration curve is linear in the concentration range of 10-200 mg/L (sample volume is 10.0 mL) and the detection limit is 2 $\mu$g/mL. The presence of $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+}$ (macrocomponents) as well as of Ni (II), Co (II), Cu (II) do not hinder the determination of silver (I).

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2007

This study focused on estimating the feasibility of a strong basic anion exchanger (PA312OH) as a sorbent for the removal of residual reactive dye and saving chemicals and water. Cellulose reactive dye C.I.RB49 was tested because reactive dye is the largest single group of dyes and that dye needs larger amount of inorganic salts as dyeing agent but nearly 50% of reactive dyes may be lost to the effluent. The adsorption characteristics of PA312OH for C.I.RB49 were as follows. Ion-selectivity among the dye and inorganic salts was Dye > ${SO_4}^{2-}$ > ${CO_3}^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$. C.I.RB49 was exchanged more than 3 times ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and ${CO_3}^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ was not exchanged absolutely. The exchanging velocity was increased exponentially with increasing temperature. This result is positive effect on treating the high temperature dyeing process wastewater. The exchanged dye percents to initial were 96.8% and 99% at flow rate 20.5 mL/min. and 3.7 mL/min.. The exchanging capacity of PA312OH for C.I.RB49 was 215.2 mg/g at conc.=369.2 mg/L, Temp.=$25^{\circ}C$. 74% inorganic salts were recrystallized from real dark reactive color dyeing wastewater treated with PA312OH.