• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

The concept about zoo is changing from the animal exhibition which simply contained the animals to the ecological zoo which has the function of preserving the animal species. At the central point of maintaining such role, the basic principle called the animal welfare lies obviously. Korea has applied the animal welfare principles such as carrying out the enrichment in the zoos since 2003, but there has not been any institutional device to evaluate and examine the application of the animal welfare so far. This study aims to confirm the level of animal welfare in Korea and suggest a developmental direction. For the purpose of the study, 12 zoos in Korea were evaluated according to 68 evaluating categories. 'Five Principles of Animal Welfare' in the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice were selected and carried out as the evaluation categories, and the result, from the highest to lowest score given, was 'provision of food and water', 'provision of protection from fear and distress', 'provision of health care', 'provision of an opportunity to express most normal behaviours', and 'provision of a suitable enrichment' with the overall score of the entire Korean zoos being 2.86 (${\pm}$ 0.56). It was also confirmed that in order to improve the animal welfare of the Korean zoos, the animal management system must be standardized and organized. The evaluation and feedback, the active practice of animal welfare and its legislative support should be provided to establish an effective institutional device as well.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1499-1506
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• 2012

Animal welfare has become a growing concern affecting acceptability of agricultural systems in many countries around the world. An earlier Judeo-Christian interpretation of the Bible (1982) that dominion over animals meant that any degree of exploitation was acceptable has changed for most people to mean that each person has responsibility for animal welfare. This view was evident in some ancient Greek writings and has parallels in Islamic teaching. A minority view of Christians, which is a widespread view of Jains, Buddhists and many Hindus, is that animals should not be used by humans as food or for other purposes. The commonest philosophical positions now, concerning how animals should be treated, are a blend of deontological and utilitarian approaches. Most people think that extremes of poor welfare in animals are unacceptable and that those who keep animals should strive for good welfare. Hence animal welfare science, which allows the evaluation of welfare, has developed rapidly.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2019

본 연구는 동물복지 인증기준의 개선을 위해 농가 현장조사를 실시하였으며, 더불어 국내 농가환경에 적합한 동물복지 수준평가 방법을 개발하고자 일부 인증 농가를 대상으로 동물복지 수준의 기초자료를 확보하고자 조사를 실시하였다. 연구조사의 대상은 동물복지 산란계 인증농가 10개소를 선정하였으며, 산란계 인증농가 사육시설 조사는 사육형태, 사육두수, 사료와 음수 공간, 사육밀도, 횃대의 길이 및 모양을 수집하였다. 동물복지 수준 평가는 모래목욕의 유무, 산란상 사용, 환경풍부화물 제공, 방사장 제공, 깃털손상, 쪼기에 의한 상처 유무를 조사였다. 연구결과는 동물복지 산란계 인증농가들의 대부분이 인증기준을 준수하고 있었다. 일부 농가에서 과도한 인증기준을 지적하였는데 실제 농가내부에 급이기, 급수기 및 횃대의 시설로 인해 닭들이 움직일 수 있는 공간이 제한적인 것으로 판단되었다. 모든 농가들에서 산란상을 제공하고 있었으나 방란율이 20%이상인 농가도 있어 산란상 활용에 문제가 있음을 확인하였다. 횃대의 경우 길이는 충족하고 있었으나 10개 농가 중 3개 농가에서만 둥근형태의 횃대를 사용하고 있었다. 모든 농가에서 깔짚을 제공하고 있었으나 보충 또는 교체가 이루어지지 않아 바닥이 단단해져 닭들이 모래목욕행동을 보이지 않는 농가도 2개소나 되었다. 환경풍부화물의 경우 사료 외에 풀사료 등을 제공하는 농가는 4개소로 조사되었다. 대부분의 조사농가에서 깃털손상이 확인되었는데 이것은 조사농가 모두 유정란을 생산하고 있어 수탉에 의한 깃털손상일 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 10개소의 농가만 조사하였기 때문에 전체 인증농가를 대표할 수는 없으나 일부항목에서 조사농가들 사이에서도 큰 차이를 보이고 있어 동물복지 수준평가에 면밀한 분석이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1817-1826
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• 2022

Public concern on the methods of raising food-producing animals has increased, especially in the last two decades, leading to voluntary and mandated changes in the animal production methods. The primary objective of these changes is to improve the welfare of farm animals. The use of gestational stalls is currently a major welfare issue in swine production. Several studies assessed the welfare of alternative housing systems for gestating sows. A comparative study was performed with gestating sows housed in either individual stalls or in groups in a pen with an electronic sow feeder. This review assessed the welfare of each housing system using physiological, behavioral, and reproductive performance criteria. The current review identified clear advantages and disadvantages of each housing system. Individual stall housing allowed each sow to be given an individually tailored diet without competition, but the sows had behavioral restrictions and showed stereotypical behaviors (e.g., bar biting, nosing, palate grinding, etc.). Group-housed sows had increased opportunities to display such behavior (e.g., ability to move around and social interactions); however, a higher prevalence of aggressive behavior, especially first mixing in static group type, caused a negative impact on longevity (more body lesions, scratch and bite injuries, and lameness, especially in subordinate sows). Conclusively, a more segmented and diversified welfare assessment could be beneficial for a precise evaluation of each housing system for sows. Further efforts should be made to reduce aggression-driven injuries and design housing systems (feeding regimen, floor, bedding, etc.) to improve the welfare of group-housed sows.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 소비자의 계란 구매 형태와 산란계 동물복지에 대한 인지도를 조사하기 위하여 살충제 계란 파동 사태 전후 2차례에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 조사대상은 가정 내 계란 구입 주 결정권자 및 취식자인 전국 만 25~59세 여성과 만 25~35세의 1인 가구 남성을 대상으로 하였다. 조사방법은 웹조사(Computer Assisted Web Interview; CAWI) 방법과 Gang survey 방법으로 수행되었다. 계란 구매 시 주요 고려 요인에 대하여 '가격'을 고려한다는 응답이 모두 가장 높았으며, 2차 조사에서 '포장일자/제조일자'를 고려한다는 응답률이 증가하였다. 계란 10개의 적정 가격으로 '2,000~3,000원 미만' 응답 비율이 1와 2차 조사에서 각각 53.8%과 42.9%로 가장 높았으며, 적정 가격 평균은 각각 2,482원과 2,132원이었다. 국내 계란 소비자의 구매 장소에 대해 '대형마트'에서 구입한다는 응답 비율이 가장 높고, 다음으로 '중대형 슈퍼마켓', '체인 슈퍼마켓'의 순이었다. 동물복지 관련 인지도를 보면 2차 조사의 결과에서 인지 비율(73.5%)이 높아졌다. 동물복지 용어 인지 시기는 살충제 계란 파동 사태 이전 59.0%, 이후 41.0%였다. 동물복지 인증마크와 동물복지 축산농장 인증마크를 본 적이 있는지에 대해서는 처음 본다는 응답이 59.6%이며, 동물복지 인증마크를 알고 있다는 응답비율이 37.6%였다. 동물복지 사육시스템에 대하여 가장 현실적으로 적합한 동물복지형 계사로는 '방사형' 응답율이 85.8%로 가장 높았다. 동물복지 사육시스템 정보 제시 후 '방사형' 적합 응답은 34.2%p 감소한 반면, '평사형'과 '유럽형' 적합 응답은 각각 13.2%p와 24.1%p 증가하였다. 국내 소비자의 동물복지 인증 계란에 대한 인지 및 취식경험에 대하여 '본 적이 없다'는 감소한 반면, '본 적이 있다'와 '먹어 본 경험이 있다'는 응답은 모두 증가하였다. 백화점, 유기농 관련 협동조합, 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서 동물복지 인증 계란을 구입했다는 응답이 일반 계란을 구입했다는 응답비율보다 높았다. 가격 제시 전 기준으로 전체 응답자 중 동물복지 계란을 구입할 의향은 92.0%이었으나, 동물복지 계란 가격을 제시후 구입 의향은 62.7%로 가격 제시 전 대비 약 30%p 감소하였다. 동물복지 인증 계란 구입 의향 이유로는 '식품 안전성이 높을 것 같아서' 응답이 71.0%로 가장 높고, 구입 의향이 없는 이유로는 '가격이 비쌀 것 같아서'가 38.1%로 가장 높았다. 동물복지 계란 관능평가 조사에서 일반 계란의 난각색과 껍질 촉감이 동물복지인증계란보다 유의하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며(P<0.05), 삶은 계란은 동물복지인증계란의 흰자 색이 일반계란보다 더 밝은 것으로 인식되었다(P<0.05). 결과적으로, 본 연구결과는 동물복지 인증 농가들에게 소비자 인식에 대한 기초자료를 제공함으로써 산란계 동물복지 인증제도의 활성화에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2014

Pesticides have provided significant benefits including plant disease control and increased crop yields since people developed and utilized them. However, pesticide use is associated with many adverse effects, which necessitate precise toxicological tests and risk assessment. Most of these methods are based on animal studies, but considerations of animal welfare and ethics require the development of alternative methods for the evaluation of pesticide toxicity. Although the usage of laboratory animals is inevitable in scientific evaluation and alternative approaches have limitations in the whole coverage, continuous effort is necessary to minimize animal use and to develop reliable alternative tests for pesticide evaluation. This review discusses alternative approaches for pesticide toxicity tests and hazard evaluation that have been used in peer-reviewed reports and could be applied in future studies based on the critical animal research principles of reduction, replacement, and refinement.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2021

Consumer's interest in sustainable livestock farming methods has grown in response to concerns for the environment and animal welfare. The purpose of this study is to examine the different influences of sustainability product information on sensory characteristics and purchase behaviors. To accomplish this aim, the study used salami, which is an Italian-style sausage processed by fermentation and drying. Three different types of information were provided: salami made from the pork of an antibiotic-free pig (SMAFP), of an animal welfare pig (SMAWP), and of a grazing pig (SMGP). This study was conducted as an off-line experiment with Korean participants (n=140). As a result, there were sensory differences according to the sustainability information. For the SMAFP, it had a significant difference in, sourness (p<0.05). With the SMAWP, there was a difference in gumminess (p<0.10), and the SMGP had significant differences in sourness (p<0.01), sweetness (p<0.01), andmoisture (p<0.05). Moreover, the purchase intention and willingness to pay were significantly higher when the sustainability information was given. Especially, among the three types of salamis, participants were willing to pay the most for the SMAWP. This is one of the first consumer studies to investigate sensory evaluation and purchase behavior for various types of sustainable livestock production. These results contribute by helping sustainable meat producers and marketers become aware of the kind of sustainable information to which consumers are sensitive.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.366-370
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• 2019

Overweight and obesity induce serious health problems that exert negative effects on dog's welfare. Body condition score (BCS) is a common method to evaluate the body fat mass in animals. By palpating and observing fats under the skin it is possible to predict animal's body fat accumulation condition. BCS is also a useful tool to estimate body fat composition in dogs. However, BCS can be subjective when it was performed by non-professionals like pet's owners. To develop a method to avoid the misevaluation of BCS twenty-four Beagles were enrolled and performed BCS evaluation. In addition, the length of chest and abdominal girths were measured. In correlation analysis, the sizes of chest and abdominal girth were significantly correlated with BCS. Especially, the difference and ratio of the chest and abdominal length were highly correlated with the BCS. With that, we suggested that this simple measurement of chest and abdominal girths by a measuring tape would be an effective method to estimate BCS scores in dogs that helps non-professionals to manage their own dog's nutritional condition by monitoring body fat accumulation condition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1111-1123
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• 2023

This study aims to present a more systematic and developmental research direction by classifying animal-mediation related research trends published in Korea. We analyzed the research trends of 68 domestic animal-mediation programs published in 26 journals over the past 24 years under the premise of the necessity of animal-assisted therapy, which considered a very effective intervention method in the practice areas of various subjects. Therefore, this study examines the year of publication of animal-mediation related research conducted in various academic fields from 1998 to 2022, research data sources, characteristics of research subjects, types of interventions and research topics, research design and intervention sessions, intervention methods, and ethical consideration statements. The results of this study are as follows: First, in the source of research and research trends by year, the number of papers published in animal-related societies was the highest at 34 (50%); the number of studies has been steadily increasing since the mid-2000s. Second, regarding research trends by subject, 45 (66%) were general subjects, 23 (34%) were medically diagnosed, 60 (88%) were selected through pre-evaluation, and 8 (12%) were requested. Third, regarding research trends by method, 27 (40%) of the pretests were conducted before and after the experiment-control group, and only 3 (4%) of the 68 papers were examined later. Fourth, regarding research trends by content, depression (25%) was the most frequently applied variable, and regarding intervention sessions, 53 (78%) were less than 12 sessions. Fifth, regarding research trends and ethical consideration statements by treatment approach method, 58 cases (85%) of individual treatment approaches and 10 cases (15%) of intervention approaches integrated with individual treatment approaches, and 23 cases (34%) of studies with ethical consideration statements or the Institutional Review Board's (IRB) approval. Based on the study results, the implications and research directions of animal-assisted therapy related research are discussed.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.927-936
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• 2022

The effects of seasonal differences and crating densities on the preslaughter losses, breast meat quality, and physiological indices of broilers were determined. A total of 600 broilers aged 35 days were divided into 10 treatment groups based on five crating densities (10.3, 11.5, 12.8, 14.1, 15.4 birds·m^-2) with two seasons (i.e., summer and winter) to give six replicates and were placed at various locations in the truck. The birds were transported in crates having dimensions of 1.0 m × 0.78 m × 0.26 m. The transportation distance was 20 km for 40 minutes (average 30 - 50 km·h^-1) during the early morning. The results revealed that broilers transported at densities of 14.1 and 15.4 birds·m^-2 recorded lower (p < 0.05) pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), and muscle redness compared to those at densities of 11.5 birds·m^-2. Furthermore, higher (p < 0.05) cooking loss was found in birds stocked at more than 14.1 birds·m^-2 compared to the other treatments. However, no effect (p > 0.05) with different crating densities on body weight loss, carcass traits, glucose, lactate, or muscle yellowness was observed. Crating density of 14.1 birds·m^-2 showed lower (p < 0.05) cortisol contents compared with birds at 10.3 and 15.4 birds·m^-2. Winter transportation had higher (p < 0.05) relative breast meat weight, cooking loss, muscle redness, and cortisol contents whereas summer transportation had higher (p < 0.05) glucose and lactate contents in the blood plasma of broilers. In conclusion, the stocking of 12.8 birds·m^-2 is recommended to minimize stress responses and undesirable changes that could negatively affect muscle quality.