• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2010

본 시험은 국내육성 내한성 이탈리안 라이그라스의 확대 보급을 위한 종자생산 시험으로 국내육성 품종인 화산 101호 및 코그린의 파종량별 종자수량 구성요소별 특성을 구명하기 위하여 2004년 9월부터 2007년 6월까지 3년간 국립축산과학원 초지사료과 시험 포장에서 수행 되었다. 파종 재식거리는 20 cm 세조파로 파종하였고, 시험구 면적은 $12m^2$ ($3\times4m$), 파종량 은 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 kg/ha 품종별 5처리 난괴법 3반복으로 수행하였다. 채종시기는 조생종 "코그린"은 6월 16일, 중만생종 화산 101호는 7월 3일에 수확하여 조생종과 중만생종간의 채종일은 조생종이 15일 정도 빨랐다. 이탈리안 라이그라스 화산 101호의 종자수량 구성요소에서 평균 이삭수는 471개/$m^2$, 이삭길이 28.5 cm, 등숙률 71% 이었으며, 코그린의 평균 이삭수는 633개/$m^2$, 이삭길이 24.0 cm, 등숙률 82%이었다. 화산 101호의 평균 종자 생산량은 1,631kg/ha이며, 20 kg/ha 파종구에서 유의성이 인정되었고(p<0.05), 40 kg/ha 파종구에서 1,971 kg/ha으로 가장 많은 종자생산량을 보였다. 코그린은 20 kg/ha 파종구에서 3,079 kg/ha으로 종자생산량이 가장 많았으며 파종량별 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). 종자의 탈립은 품종 고유의 특성으로 파종량별 차이는 없었으나 화산101호가 40.3%로 코그린 2.6%에 비해 매우 높게 나타났다. 따라서 화산 101호의 채종량이 코그린에 비하여 감소되는 원인은 탈립에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 채종된 종자의 화산 101호는 채종 직후부터 발아하여 81.8%의 발아율을 보였으나 코그린은 채종 직후에는 발아율이 낮아 저온 저장 후 발아율이 79.4%로 회복되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때 내한성 이탈리안 라이그라스 화산 101호는 탈립에 의해 파종량을 30~40 kg/ha으로 증가시켜야 하고 코그린의 파종량은 20 kg/ha이 적정량으로 권장되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

Genetic variants of Hanwoo mtDNA in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit I, II and III complex were detected using restriction enzymes. PCR primers were designed based on the bovine mtDNA sequence, and 6 primer sets (Mt4, Mt5, Mt6, Mt7, Mt8 and Mt9) were used. A total of 20 restriction enzymes were used, and 6 restriction enzymes, which were Hinf I, Pvu II, Rsa I, Eco RI, Bgl II, and Msp I, showed genetic polymorphisms. Significant associations between genetic variants and weight traits were observed at WT15 (p<0.05) and WT18 (p<0.01) with Pvu II for Mt9, Bgl II for Mt6 and Rsa I for Mt8 segments in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit complex. Significant associations were also observed at Mt9-Pvu II and Mt6-Bgl II segments for WT9 (p=0.01), WT12 (p=0.02), respectively. These results suggest that genetic variants of mtDNA in the region of cytochrome oxidase subunit complex may be candidate segments for improvement of animal growth as weight traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 1990

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of processing and method of ensiling on the digestion and utilization of high moisture barley (HMB) in cattle. In experiment 1, four Holstein heifers were assigned in a Latin square design to diets containing 70% barley, 25% alfalfa hay and 5% supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets differed only in the type of barley fed: rolled dry barley (R-DB), rolled HBM (R-HMB), ground HMB (G-HMB) or unprocessed HMB (U-HMB). In experiment 2, three Holstein steers were fed 85.2% barley, 10.2% whole plant barley silage and 4.6% supplement on a DM basis. Again, diets differed only in the type of barley fed: R-DB, rolled HMB from a pit silo (Pit-HMB) or rolled HMB from a Harvestore silo (HAV-HMB). In experiment 1, digestibility coefficients for animals fed R-HMB were significantly higher than observed for U-HMB. While not significant, a similar trend for decreased digestibility was observed for R-DB and G-HMB. Animals fed HMB had significantly lower ruminal propionate concentrations. In addition, the rate of degradation of the degradable DM and crude protein (CP) fractions was slower for HMB than for dry barley. In experiment 2, a trend to lower digestibility coefficients was observed for animal fed R-DB compared to those fed Pit-HMB or HAV-HMB. Ruminal propionate concentrations for animals fed R-DB also tended to be higher than for those fed the HMB diets. Dry matter and CP disappearances from nylon bags was substantially lower for Pit-HMB than for R-DB or HAV-HMB. The results suggest that replacement of dry barley by rolled or unprocessed HMB in the diet of animals fed high grain diets may contribute to a more stable rumen environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effect of various vitamins on performance and digestibility in growing pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 54 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $42.73{\pm}2.40kg$) were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (6 pigs/pen) for 40 days. The three dietary treatments were: 100% fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) and water-soluble vitamins (WSV); 150% FSV and 100% WSV of NRC (1998); and 100% FSV and 150% WSV of NRC (1998). In experiment 2, a total of 180 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $28.20{\pm}3.05 kg$) were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates for four weeks (15 pigs/pen). The four dietary treatments were, 150% vitamin A and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin D and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin E and 100% other vitamins, and 150% vitamin K and 100% other vitamins. In experiment 1, there were significant differences in growth performance and digestibility of nutrients among the treatments. The ADG, ADFI and FCR of pigs fed 150% FSV diet were better (p<0.05) than those fed the control diet. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR between pigs fed the control and 150% WSV diets. Digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and calcium were improved in 150% FSV treatment group compared with control (p<0.05). However, the improvement was similar when compared with 150% WSV except for Ca. In experiment 2, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR and nutrient digestibility between the fat-soluble vitamin treatments when fed at the 150% level. In conclusion, growing pigs were more responsive to additional fat-soluble vitamin supplements over the requirements suggested by NRC (1998) than to water-soluble vitamin supplements as measured by growth performance and digestibility of nutrients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2009

Three experiments were conducted to determine the conversion rate of formic and acetic acids into methane in the gastrointestinal tracts of geese. In experiment I, two sets of two 4-month-old male White Roman geese were allocated to one of two treatment groups. Each set of geese was inoculated either with formic acid or with phosphate buffer solution (PBS). After the acid or the PBS was inoculated into the esophagi of the geese, two birds from each treatment were placed in a respiratory chamber as a measurement unit for 4 h in order to determine methane production rate. In experiment II and III, 6- and 7-wk-old male White Roman goslings were used, respectively. Birds were allocated to receive either formic acid or PBS solution injected into the ceca in experiment II. Acetic acid or PBS solution injected into the cecum were used for experiment III. After either the acids or the PBS solution were injected into the cecum, two birds from each treatment were placed in a respiratory chamber as a measurement unit for 3 h; each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results indicated that formic acid inoculated into the oesophagi of geese was quickly converted into methane. Compared with the PBS-injected group, methane production increased by 5.02 times in the formic acid injected group (4.32 vs. 0.86 mg/kg BW/d; p<0.05). Acetic acid injected into the ceca did not increase methane production; conversely, it tended to decrease methane production. The present study suggests that formic acid may be converted to methane in the ceca, and that acetic acid may not be a precursor of methane in the ceca of geese.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to establish an experiment animal model for easy diagnosis and monitoring effect of treatment of cholelithiasis by cholesterol and mixed gall stone. In 12 adult beagle dogs, five dogs there were in the control group and seven dogs in the experiment group with ligated cystic duct. General clinical signs were recorded, CBC and blood chemistry were examined. Control group and experiment group were evaluated every 2 weeks for a period of 20 weeks. The results were (1) Total blirubin, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were significantly higher in the experiment group with ligated cystic duct than control group during 2-8 weeks. (2) Total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) activity was significantly higher when compare with control group during 2-8 weeks. Bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) activity was increased slightly between 2 and 8 weeks but was decreased between 10 and 20 weeks. (3) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was decreased between 2 and 8 weeks. After 10 weeks, this was in normal range. (4) On complate blood count (CBC), $Ca^{2+}$ and P were not changed until 20 weeks. (5) On clinical signs in experimental group, they observed a depression, yellow color of mucus membrane and conjunctiva, xanthinuria and xanthochromic. The present study showed that the experimental animal model with ligated cystic duct was a useful model to study biliary tract disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.723-731
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• 1992

Two similar experiments were designed to evaluate the interaction of dietary CP and ME levels on the production performance parameters at the age between 155 and 300 days in Starcross layers. In both experiments, the feed intake and mortality decreased but the egg weight, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency increased as the dietary CP and ME levels increased. The CP intake was highest CP and lowest ME levels. With the increasing CP and decreasing ME levels, the ME intake decreased significantly (Experiments 1 & 2). The $CP{\times}ME$ interactions were significant only on mean egg weight and egg production in Experiment 2. In both the experiments, the CP levels were positively correlated with CP intake, egg weight, body weight gain and egg production and negative correlation with feed intake, mortality percentage and ME intake. The ME levels showed negative correlation with feed intake, protein intake, mortality percentages and positive correlation with all other parameters in both experiments. The highest values were noted for all the parameters (except mortality percentages) in Experiment 1 than that recorded in Experiment 2.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1995

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementary urea molasses block lick with rice straw based diet on the performance of sheep. Six indigenous sheep of about two years of age with an average body weight of 12.88 kg, were selected for this experiment They grouped into two by stratified randomization, and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 days. Sheep of group A was fed rice straw and group B was feed rice straw with urea molasses block lick, beside this both the groups received 66 g wheat bran and 167 g of Ipil-Ipil leaf meat. The study revealed that the average daily gain of live weight per sheep per day was 41 gm and 70 gm in group-A and group-B respectively. From the analysis of variance it was evident that live weight gain in sheep of group B, supplemented with urea molasses block lick was highly significant (p < 0.01). It was also estimated that group A required 8.12 kg DM to gain 1 kg live weight, whereas group B receiving urea molasses block lick required 5.30 kg DM to gain 1 kg live weight. Therefore, feeding rice straw with urea molasses block lick able to utilize more crop-residues efficiently.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.451-460
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• 1996

The ethical issue is one of the most important themes in both science and environmental education. Especially related to the right of other species, animal dissection has been brought about two contradictory attitudes. In spring 1996, a survey was conducted to assess the status of animal dissection in secondary schools and the awareness of 94 biology teachers and 422 secondary students toward animal dissection. And the meaning of animal dissection in biology class was discussed in terms of environmental education. The findings were as follows: First, most of students(96.6%) had participated once or twice to animal dissection experiments(eg. fish, frog, shellfish, cuttlefish and chicken). And about half of teachers (57.4$\sim$64.9%) and some students(41.9%) felt ethical conflict in animal dissection. Second, many teachers(81.0%) and students(87.1%) thought that animal dissection was effective method to achieve the goal of biology education, but they needed more consideration on the respect for life in animal dissection experiment. Third, many teachers(88.3%) had students, who objected to animal dissection, participate obligatorily or passively. Fourth, teachers and students thought that audio-visual media such as video(teachers 63.5%, students 39.7%), computer simulations(teachers 31.7%, students 28.1%) and models(teachers 22.2%, students 24.1%) could be effective as alternatives. These findings suggest that animal dissection experiment, although it is needed to achieve the goal of biology education, requires careful consideration on the rights of animal and the respect for life, and alternatives for students who object to animal dissection in biology class.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.706-713
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary FERMKIT, a commercial toxin binder consisting of probiotic-fermented natural product containing chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides ($FERMKITO^{(R)}$, EASY-BIO SYSTEM, Inc., Korea), in binding aflatoxin (AF) and zearalenone (ZEN) and ameliorating their mycotoxicity in meat type ducks. FERMKIT was supplemented to AF contaminated diets (at 120 ppb) at either 0.3 or 0.6% in experiment 1 and to ZEN contaminated diets (at 150 ppb) at 0.6% in experiment 2. In experiment 1 body weight gains were reduced by 37% and mortality was increased by 18% in ducks fed diet contaminated with AF at 120 ppb compared to ducks fed control diet (<10 ppb AF) for the 4-wk experimental period. However, dietary FERMKIT supplementation effectively alleviated overall toxicity induced by AF. The significant treatment-related changes in feather growth, web-toe hemorrhage, leg deformity, liver paleness, organ weights, hematological values and serum biochemical values, as compared to the control, were observed. The FERMKIT supplementation significantly diminished the adverse effects of AF and restored all the parameters measured back (<0.05) toward the control values. These findings indicated that FERMKIT, when added at the levels of 0.3 or 0.6% in the 120 ppb AF diets, could modulate the toxicity of AF with percentage sorption capacity of 52.70% at the level 0.3% and 79.85% at the level 0.6% of the diets (experiment 1). In experiment 2, FERMKIT, when added at 0.6% to the 150 ppb ZEN diets for the 4-wk experimental period, diminished the toxicity as shown by body weight gain, weights of testicles, oviducts, Bursa of Fabricius and cloaca eversion score as compared with the controls (<10 ppb ZEN) and 150 ppb ZEN diet with no added FERMKIT. The findings indicated that FERMKIT could be protective against the effects of ZEN in young growing ducks with percentage sorption capacity of 67.11% as evaluated from toxicity index parameter measured when added at 0.6% of the diets containing 150 ppb ZEN.