• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2013

Satellite cells were derived from muscular tissue in postnatal pig. Satellite cell is an important to growth and development in animal tissues or organs. However, the progress underlying induced differentiation is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphologic and the transcriptome changes in porcine satellite cell (PSC) treated with insulin, rosiglitazone, or dexamethasone respectively. PSC was obtained from postnatal muscle tissue. In study 1, for study the effect of insulin and FBS on the differentiated satellite cells, cells were cultured at absence or presence of insulin treated with FBS. Total RNA was extracted for determining the expression levels of myogenic PAX3, PAX7, Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin genes by real-time PCR. Myogenic genes decreased expression levels of mRNA in treated with insulin. In study 2, in order to clarify the relationship between rosiglitazone and lipid in differentiated satellite cells, we further examined the effect of FBS on lipid accumulation in the presence or absence of the rosiglitazone and lipid. Significant differences were observed between rosiglitazone and lipid by FBS. The mRNA of FABP4 and $PPAR{\gamma}$ increased in rosiglitazone treatment. In study 3, we examined the effect of dexamethasone on osteogenic differentiation in PSC. The mRNA was increased osteoblasotgenic ALP and ON genes treated with dexamethasone in 2% FBS. Dexamethasone induces osteoblastogenesis in differentiated PSC. Taken together, in differentiated PSCs, FABP4 and $PPAR{\gamma}$ increased to rosiglitazone. Whereas, no differences to FBS and lipid. These results were not comparable with previous reports. Our results suggest that adipogenic, myogenic, and osteoblastogenic could be isolated from porcine skeletal muscle, and identify culture conditions which optimize proliferation and differentiation formation of PSC.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1180-1189
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• 2023

Objective: Discovering the mechanism of cell specification is important to manipulate cellular lineages. To obtain lineage-specific cell lines, the target lineage needs to be promoted, and counterpart lineages should be suppressed. Embryos in the early blastocyst stage possess two different cell populations, the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm. Then, cells in the ICM segregate into epiblasts (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PrE). PrE cells in embryos show specific expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor, PDGF receptor A (PDGFRA). In this study, we suppressed PDGF signaling using two methods (CRISPR/Cas9 injection and inhibitor treatment) to provide insight into the segregation of embryonic lineages. Methods: CRISPR/Cas9 RNAs were injected into parthenogenetically activated and in vitro fertilized embryos. The PDGF receptor inhibitor AG1296 was treated at 0, 5, 10, and 20 µM concentration. The developmental competence of the embryos and the number of cells expressing marker proteins (SOX2 for ICM and SOX17 for PrE) were measured after the treatments. The expression levels of the marker genes with the inhibitor were examined during embryo development. Results: Microinjection targeting the PDGF receptor (PDGFR) A reduced the number of SOX17-positive cell populations in a subset of day 7 blastocysts (n = 9/12). However, microinjection accompanied diminution of Epi cells in the blastocyst. The PDGF receptor inhibitor AG1296 (5 µM) suppressed SOX17-positive cells without reducing SOX2-positive cells in both parthenogenetic activated and in vitro fertilized embryos. Within the transcriptional target of PDGF signaling, the inhibitor significantly upregulated the Txnip gene in embryos. Conclusion: We identified that PDGF signaling is important to sustain the PrE population in porcine blastocysts. Additionally, treatment with inhibitors was a better method to suppress PrE cells than CRISPR/Cas9 microinjection of anti-PDGF receptor α gene, because microinjection suppressed number of Epi cells. The PDGF receptor might control the number of PrE cells by repressing the proapoptotic gene Txnip. Our results can help to isolate Epi-specific cell lines from blastocysts.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2001

In this study, we examined the developmental potential of reconstructed bovine embryos and the fate of donor mitochondria during their preimplantation development after nuclear transfer. Isolated cumulus cells were used as donor cells in nuclear transfer. Cumulus cells labelled with MitoTracker Green FM fluorochrome were injected into enucleated bovine MII oocytes and cultured in vitro. MitoTracker labelling on donor cells did not have a detrimental effect on blastocyst formation following nuclear transfer. Cleavage rate was about 69%(56/81) and blastocyst formation rate was 6.2% (5/81) at 7 days after nuclear transfer. The labelled mitochondria dispersed to the cytoplasm and became distributed among blastomeres and could be identified up to the 8- to 15-cell stages. Small patches of mitochondria were detected in some 8- to 15-cell stage embryos (5/20). However, donor mitochondria were not detected in embryos at the 16-cell stage and subsequent developmental stages. In the control group, mitochondria could be identified in arrested 1-cell embryos up to 7 days after nuclear transfer These results suggest that donor mitochondria disappear from recipient cytoplasm before 16-cell stage following nuclear transfer in reconstructed bovine embryos.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.227-229
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• 1999

Animal cell culture media are usually supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS); however, the use of FBS presents certain problems including high cost. By using an adaptation process and the addition of silkworm hemolymph, the FBS concentration can be reduced without causing a significant decrease in cell growth.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Somatic cell counts (SCCs) of goat milk can vary widely depending on the counting methods used and non-pathogenic factors; the goat milk industry can be threatened by establishment of a legal standard based on the findings in cow milk. In Korea, SCCs have been excluded from the items that are analyzed under the "Livestock Products Processing and Composition Standards" in accordance with a recent NVRQS Notice amendment. From April to October, SCCs of 150 goat milk samples from 2 farms were analyzed using a Somascope calibrated with standard goat milk samples. Average SCCs of the samples was 598,000/mL, and significant differences were not found between farms and between breeds. SCCs increased from 3 to 8 months after delivery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 1993

A study was conducted to compare and determine the incidence of ultrastructural alterations in the testes of Philippine carabaos and crossbred buffaloes. Thirteen Philippine carabao bulls and twenty five crossbred male buffaloes were used in this study. Testicular biopsy was used to get tissue samples which were prepared for histologic evaluation using the electron microscopy method. There was no significant difference in Sertoli cell alterations between Philippine carabaos and crossbred buffaloes. However, more crossbred buffaloes (40%) had both Sertoli cell and spermatogenic cell alterations which were significantly higher compared to the 7.7% occurrence in Philippine carabaos. Sertoli cells of crossbred buffaloes exhibited intracavitary structures and exaggerated infoldings of the nuclear envelope (36%), nuclear bleb (16%), and intracytoplasmic vacuolations (16%). Philippine carabaos exhibited few ultrastructural alterations which were mainly intracytoplasmic vacuolations in Sertoli cells (15%).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.189-192
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• 2013

An adult beagle dog was presented with a cervical mass detected by palpation and computed tomography. Fine needle aspirates revealed numerous epithelial cells with plasmacytoid appearance and frequent naked nuclei. Histologically, the mass consists of multiple packets of neoplastic cells and extensive areas of necrosis and fibrosis. Neoplastic cells were also found in submandibular lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry showed that neoplastic cells were positive for calcitonin and negative for thyroglobulin. Based on these findings, the cervical mass was diagnosed as thyroid C-cell carcinoma. Almost one year after the surgical excision, the dog remains healthy without any symptom of recurrence or metastasis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.523-525
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• 2008

11 year old male Yorkshire terrier was referred to Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital with signs of hematuria, petechia, and gynecomastia. Blood works revealed severe leukopenia, moderate anemia and severe thrombocytopenia. On ultrasonography and radiography, mixed echo texture mass was found in abdomen. The abdominal mass was surgically removed, and submitted for histopathology. Histopathologic features of the tissues were consistent with malignant Sertoli cell tumor. Bone marrow aspirates were hypocellular. Serum estrogen concentration was 72.80 pg/ml (normal range for females <15 pg/ml) after surgery. Clinical signs of feminization and hemorrhagic diathesis were attributed to hyperestrinism caused by the tumor. The dog was put on fluid therapy, antibiotics and palliative drugs and survived 2 more weeks after surgery without clinical improvement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1854-1861
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• 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common microorganisms and causes foodborne diseases. In particular, biofilm-forming S. aureus is more resistant to antimicrobial agents and sanitizing treatments than planktonic cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from cucumber jangajji compared to grapefruit seed extract (GSE). CFS and GSE inhibited and degraded S. aureus biofilms. The adhesion ability, auto-aggregation, and exopolysaccharide production of CFS-treated S. aureus, compared to those of the control, were significantly decreased. Moreover, biofilm-related gene expression was altered upon CFS treatment. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that CFS exerted anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus. Therefore, these results suggest that S. cerevisiae CFS has anti-biofilm potential against S. aureus strains.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2007

With the advance of stem cell transplantation research, in vivo cell tracking techniques have become increasingly important in recent years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide a unique tool for non-invasive tracking of transplanted cells. Since the initial findings on the stem cell migration by MRI several years ago, there have been numerous studies using various animal models, notably in heart or brain disease models. In order to develop more reliable and clinically applicable methodologies, multiple aspects should be taken into consideration. In this review, we will summarize the current status and future perspectives of in vivo cell tracking technologies using MRI. In particular, use of different MR contrast agents and their detection methods using MRI will be described in much detail. In addition, various cell labeling methods to increase the sensitivity of signals will be extensively discussed. We will also review several key experiments, in which MRI techniques were utilized to detect the presence and/or migration of transplanted stem cells in various animal models. Finally, we will discuss the current problems and future directions of cell tracking methods using MRI.