• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.294-296
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• 2014

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is defined as a chronic orofacial pain syndrome, without evidence of mucosal lesions and other clinical signs of disease or laboratory abnormalities. Patients with BMS complain of burning pain in the mouth, xerostomia and taste disturbances. It is more common among women and the median age of occurrence is about 60 years. BMS may be primary or secondary to other diseases. The mainstay in the treatment of BMS includes antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and anticonvulsants. A few cases of BMS caused due to medication have been reported. The causative drugs include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, anticoagulants, antipsychotics, antiretrovirals, and benzodiazepines. This is a case report of a patient on antidepressants who developed symptoms of BMS thereby causing a dilemma in management.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.10
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• pp.511-518
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• 2021

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. While obesity is known to increase a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, it also acts as a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). During childhood and adolescence, severe obesity is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of the early stages of kidney disease. Importantly, children born to obese mothers are also at increased risk of developing obesity and CKD later in life. The potential mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and CKD include hemodynamic factors, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity. Weight reduction via increased physical activity, caloric restriction, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and judicious bariatric surgery can be used to control obesity and obesity-related kidney disease. Preventive strategies to halt the obesity epidemic in the healthcare community are needed to reduce the widespread deleterious consequences of obesity including CKD development and progression.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2023

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a disease caused by compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by the predominance of IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangial area. Hematuria and proteinuria can be present in both diseases, and some patients can be concurrently diagnosed with NCS and IgAN; however, a causal relationship between the two diseases has not yet been clarified. Here, we report two pediatric cases of NCS combined with IgAN. The first patient presenting with microscopic hematuria and proteinuria was diagnosed with NCS at the initial visit, and the second patient was later diagnosed with NCS when proteinuria worsened. Both patients were diagnosed with IgAN based on kidney biopsy findings and treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and immunosuppressants. A high index of suspicion and timely imaging or biopsy are essential for the proper management of NCS combined with glomerulopathy.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 1992

Fish protein hydrolysates(FPH) prepared from defatted mackerel meal by proteases such as complex enzymes, bromelain, alcalase, $\alpha-chymotrypsin,$ trypsin, papain and pepsin were tested for inhibitory activity against angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE). Among proteases tested, the hydrolysates obtained from the treatment of complex enzymes or bromelain showed relatively higher activity. ACE inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates increased until hydrolysis of 8 hrs, and was stable by heat treatment for 20min at $100^{\circ}C.$ From the profiles of fractionation of the hydrolysates with Bio-gel P-2, the most active fraction had about MW 1,450 and it's amino acid was abundant in Asp, Glu, Lys, Leu, Val and Ala. $IC_{50}\;(amounts\;of\;inhibitors\;needed\;for\;50\%\;inhibition)$ of the active fraction of the hydrolysates obtained from the treatment of complex enzyme and bromelain was 90 and $130 {\mu}g,$ respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.418-425
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• 2010

Background: Little is known about the long-term effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) treatment on post-tuberculosis emphysema. This study evaluated the effects of ACE inhibition on cardiac function and gas exchange in patients with post-tuberculosis emphysema. Methods: At baseline and at 6 months after initiation of ACE inhibition therapy, patients underwent pulmonary function testing, arterial blood gas analysis, and echocardiography, both at rest and post exercise. Cardiac output (CO) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were measured at those time points as well. Results: After ACE inhibition; resting and post-exercise RVEF ($Mean{\pm}SEM,\;61.5{\pm}1.0,\;67.6{\pm}1.2%$, respectively) were higher than at baseline ($56.9{\pm}1.2,\;53.5{\pm}1.7%$). Resting and post-exercise CO ($6.37{\pm}0.24,\;8.27{\pm}0.34L/min$) were higher than at baseline ($5.42{\pm}0.22,\;6.72{\pm}0.24L/min$). Resting and post-exercise $PaO_2$ ($83.8{\pm}1.6,\;74.0{\pm}1.2mmHg$, respectively) were also higher than at baseline ($74.2{\pm}1.9,\;66.6{\pm}1.6mmHg$). Post-exercise $PaCO_2$($46.3{\pm}1.1mmHg$) was higher than at baseline ($44.9{\pm}1.1;\; Resting\;42.8{\pm}0.8\;vs.\;42.4{\pm}0.9mmHg$). Resting and post-exercise A-a $O_2$ gradient ($12.4{\pm}1.4,\;17.8{\pm}1.5 mmHg$) were lower than at baseline ($22.5{\pm}1.5,\;26.9{\pm}1.6mmHg$). Conclusion: In post-tuberculosis emphysema, RVEF and CO were augmented with a resultant increase in peripheral oxygen delivery after ACE inhibition. These findings suggest that an ACE inhibitor may have the potential to alleviate co-morbid cardiac conditions and benefit the patients with post-tuberculosis emphysema.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy has been increasing, although blood glucose and blood pressure can be controlled by angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) or advanced glycosylation end products(AGE) inhibitors in the diabetic patients. We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of sea tangle on the blood glucose, and pathological scoring of diabetic kidneys in the streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal rats fed control diet and diabetic rats fed control diet or control diet supplemented with powder or oater extract of sea tangle. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ(60mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed the experimental diet and water for 13 weeks. Dietary supplementation of sea tangle decreased blood glucose in the diabetic rats. However, dietary supplementation of sea tangle did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA content and pathology of diabetic kidneys. These results indicate that decreased blood glucose by sea tangle could not delay the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2016

Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis in children, mainly affecting the small vessels of the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. Although most cases of HSP resolve spontaneously without sequelae, serious nephrological and intestinal problems may occur in some cases. We experienced a case of HSP complicated by simultaneous intussusception and nephritis in a 14-year-old boy who developed a sudden abdominal pain and gross hematuria on the 11th day after onset of the disease. Imaging studies revealed intussusception that required emergency laparotomy. Despite treatment with steroid and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nephritis and nephrosis progressed for 4 weeks, and renal biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Cyclosporin A therapy was started, and remission of proteinuria was achieved after 5 months. However, the nephritis recurred and worsened to end-stage renal failure during 15 years of follow-up.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2021

Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathy, and classic Bartter syndrome is associated with mutations in the CLCNKB gene. While chronic hypokalemia is known to induce renal cyst formation in different renal diseases, renal cyst formation in Bartter syndrome is rarely reported. Russian six-year-old identical male twins were referred to our hospital for the evaluation of renal cysts, which were incidentally detected on abdominal sonography due to diarrhea. Both twins had shown symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, and nocturia since they were one year olds. Vital signs including blood pressure were normal in both twins. Renal sonography revealed nephromegaly, increased echogenicity of renal cortex, and various sized multiple cysts in both kidneys for both twins. Laboratory findings included hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis. Bartter syndrome with renal cysts were suspected. Genetic analysis for both twins confirmed a homozygous c.1614delC deletion on exon 15 of the CLCNKB gene, which was confirmed as a previously unreported variant to the best of our knowledge. They were managed with potassium chloride, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. Metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and polyuria partially improved during the short course of treatment. This is the first report of a homozygous mutation in the CLCNKB gene in an identical twin, presenting with renal cysts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2005

The biological activity of water and ethanol extracts from Chamomaile for functional food source were examined. Total phenol contents in the $60\%$ ethanol extracts $(24.98\pm0.20\;mg/g)$ from Chamomaile leaf was higher than those of water extracts $(23.64\pm0.35\;mg/g)$ The major phenolic compound by HPLC were rosemarinic acid and Quercetin. $60\%$ ethanol extracts had higher content of these phenolics than water extacts. Electron donating ability showed $91.05\%$ in the water extracts and $95.49\%$ in the $60\%$ ethanol extracts. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) showed $0.71\pm0.02 $ in the water extracts and $1.48\pm0.03 $ in the $60\%$ ethanol extracts. The water extracts of Chamomaile leaves did not have antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, but the $60\%$ ethanol extracts revealed the slight antimicrobial activity as 9.42 mm of clear zone. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition was $57.98\%$ in water extracts and $91.36\%$ in $60\%$ ethanol extracts. Xanthine oxidase activity was $73.48\%$ in water extracts and $81.96\%$ in $60\%$ ethanol extracts. The results suggest that Chamomailes extract may be useful as potential source as antioxidant, angiotensin converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2023

Purpose: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are frequently employed to counteract the detrimental effects of proteinuria on glomerular diseases. However, the effects of ARBs remain poorly examined in pediatric patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of losartan, an ARB, in pediatric IgA nephropathy with proteinuria. Methods: This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study included children with IgA nephropathy exhibiting proteinuria. Changes in proteinuria, blood pressure, and kidney function were prospectively evaluated before and 4 and 24 weeks after losartan administration. The primary endpoint was the difference in proteinuria between baseline and 24 weeks. Results: In total, 29 patients were enrolled and received losartan treatment. The full analysis set included 28 patients who received losartan at least once and had pre- and post-urinary protein to creatinine ratio measurements (n=28). The per-protocol analysis group included 22 patients who completed all scheduled visits without any serious violations during the study period. In both groups, the mean log (urine protein to creatinine ratio) value decreased significantly at 6 months. After 24 weeks, the urinary protein to creatinine ratio decreased by more than 50% in approximately 40% of the patients. The glomerular filtration rate was not significantly altered during the observation period. Conclusions: Losartan decreased proteinuria without decreasing kidney function in patients with IgA nephropathy over 24 weeks. Losartan could be safely employed to reduce proteinuria in this patient population. ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration (NCT0223277)