• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.270-274
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to report the morbidity, mortality, angiographic results, and merits of elective coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods : Ninety-six unruptured aneurysms in 92 patients were electively treated with detachable coils. Eighty-one of these aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation, and 15 were located in the posterior circulation. Thirty-six aneurysms were treated in the presence of previously ruptured aneurysms that had already undergone operation. Nine unruptured aneurysms presented with symptoms of mass effect. The remaining 51 aneurysms were incidentally discovered in patients with other cerebral diseases and in individuals undergoing routine health maintenance. Angiographic and clinical outcomes and procedure-related complications were analyzed. Results : Eight procedure-related untoward events (8.3%) occurred during surgery or within procedure-related hospitalization, including thromboembolism, sac perforation, and coil migration. Permanent procedural morbidity was 2.2%; there was no mortality. Complete occlusion was achieved in 73 (76%) aneurysms, neck remnant occlusion in 18 (18.7%) aneurysms, and incomplete occlusion in five (5.2%) aneurysms, Recanalization occurred in 8 (15.4%) of 52 coiled aneurysms that were available for follow-up conventional angiography or magnetic resonance angiography over a mean period of 13.3 months. No ruptures occurred during the follow-up period (12-79 months). Conclusion : Endovascular coil surgery for patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms is characterized by low procedural mortality and morbidity and has advantages in patients with poor general health, cerebral infarction, posterior circulation aneurysms, aneurysms of the proximal internal cerebral artery, and unruptured aneurysms associated with ruptured aneurysm. For the management of unruptured aneurysms, endovascular coil surgery is considered an attractive alterative option.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1592-1599
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• 2000

Objective : Multiple cerebral aneurysms reportedly account for 14-33% of all cerebral aneurysms. However, multiple separate aneurysms on single parent artery are uncommon. The majority of these are found on middle cerebral artery(MCA). Multiple aneurysms arising from anterior communicating artery(ACoA) are rare. We report 5 cases of multiple aneurysms developed separately on single artery and describe angiographic and operative findings of these lesions. Materials and Methods : Among 127 patients of cerebral aneurysms operated in our hospital, only 5 had multiple aneurysms on single parent artery. Results : Among 5 cases, 4 were diagnosed preoperatively and the only one was found intraoperatively. Two were found on MCA bifurcation, one on M2 and two on ACoA. All separate aneurysms developed on single parent artery were treated successfully with multiple clipping. Conclusion : Multiple cerebral aneurysms, developed separately on single parent artery, are uncommon. Furthermore, those arising from ACoA are very rare. Despite the advanced technology in radiological examinations, multiple cerebral aneurysms may not be detected on preoperative study only. Close proximity or smaller size of the lesion may be responsible for the preoperative false negative angiographic findings.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2019

Objective : Intracranial aneurysms are not common in young age patients. We sought to find the characteristics of the intracranial aneurysms in patients under 20 years of age. Methods : We reviewed 23 consecutive patients ${\leq}20$ years of age treated for their intracranial aneurysms during the period from 1995 to 2017. From medical records and imaging studies, we gathered data on age, sex, presentation, associated medical condition, location and characteristics of aneurysms, treatment and clinical outcomes. Results : The patients' ages ranged from 13 months to 20 years (median, 14 years). There were 16 males and seven females (male to female ratio, 2.3 : 1) with 31 aneurysms. Clinical presentations included sudden severe headache in 61%, followed by altered mentality in 17% and seizure in 17%. More than one-fourth patients had specific medical conditions related to the development of the cerebral aneurysms. The majority of aneurysms occurred in the anterior circulation (71%), and were saccular (71%). There were each three patients with false aneurysms (13%) and giant aneurysms (13%), and only one patient with multiple aneurysms (4%). We treated 22 patients : 21 aneurysms with the endovascular methods, three with open surgery, and one with combined treatment. Good functional outcome could be achieved in 86% during the follow-up period. Conclusion : In this series, the young-age patients with intracranial aneurysms were characterized by male predominance, related specific medical conditions, low incidence of multiple aneurysms, high incidence of giant aneurysms and good functional outcome after treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2024

Objective : This study aimed to determine the frequency of paraclinoid aneurysms among ruptured cerebral aneurysms and compare paraclinoid aneurysms with other aneurysms to clarify the characteristics of ruptured paraclinoid aneurysms. Methods : This study included 970 ruptured cerebral aneurysms treated at our hospital between 2003 and 2020. Results : There were 15 cases (1.3%) of paraclinoid aneurysms with maximum diameters of 5-22 mm (mean±standard deviation [SD], 11.6±5.4 mm). Treatment consisted of clipping in four patients and endovascular treatment in 11. Factors significantly different in multivariate analysis for paraclinoid aneurysms compared with those for other aneurysms were a history of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.2-9.8; p=0.021) and aneurysm ≥10 mm (OR, 7.5-390.3; p<0.001). The sites of paraclinoid aneurysm were ophthalmic artery type in nine patients, anterior wall type in five, medial wall type in one, and ventral wall type in zero. The medial wall type (22 mm) was significantly larger than the ophthalmic artery type (mean±SD, 7.2±2.0 mm) (p=0.003), and the anterior wall type (mean±SD, 12.2±4.8 mm) was significantly larger than the ophthalmic artery type (p=0.024). Conclusion : This study showed a low frequency of paraclinoid aneurysms among ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Most were upward-facing with relatively large aneurysms, and no aneurysms were smaller than 5 mm. With recent advances in endovascular treatment devices, paraclinoid aneurysms are easily treatable. However, the treatment indication of each paraclinoid aneurysm should be carefully considered.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.424-432
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• 2017

Objective : Small unruptured aneurysms (<5 mm) are known for their very low risk of rupture, and are recommended to be treated conservatively. However, we encounter many patients with small ruptured aneurysms in the clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of patients with small ruptured aneurysms. Methods : We reviewed all patients admitted to our hospital with subarachnoid hemorrhage from January 2005 to December 2015. The patients were divided into two groups : those with aneurysms <5 mm (group S) and those with aneurysms ${\geq}5mm$ (group L). The patient's age and sex, size and location of aneurysms, and risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, and smoking were compared between the two groups. Results : Eight-hundred eleven patients were diagnosed with ruptured aneurysms, and 337 (41.6%) were included in group S. The mean size of all aneurysms was $6.10{\pm}2.99mm$ (range, 0.7-37.7); aneurysms with a diameter of 4-5 mm accounted for the largest subgroup of all aneurysms. Female sex was significantly associated with the incidence of small ruptured aneurysms (odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.02-2.19, p=0.037). Despite female predominance in the incidence of small ruptured aneurysms, the proportion of small ruptured aneurysms in young (<50 years) men was high. In men, there were no significant differences regarding the location of the aneurysms between group S and group L (p=0.267), with the most frequent location being the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) in both group S (50.9%) and group L (51.4%). However, in women, there were significant differences regarding the location of the aneurysms between group S and group L (p=0.023), with the most frequent locations being the ACoA (33.0%) in group S, and the posterior communicating artery (30.6%) in group L. In women, two locations were significantly associated with small (<5 mm) ruptured aneurysms: the ACoA (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.01-4.54, p=0.047) and anterior cerebral artery (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.19-10.54, p=0.023). Multiplicity and smoking were significantly associated with large (${\geq}5mm$) ruptured aneurysms in women. The use of alcohol was related to small ruptured aneurysms in men over 50 years of age (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.03-4.84, p=0.042). Conclusion : In this study, small (<5 mm) ruptured aneurysms exhibited different incidences by age, sex, location, and risk factors such as multiplicity, smoking, and alcohol use.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.477-483
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• 2013

Objective : Although surgical techniques for clipping paraclinoid aneurysms have evolved significantly in recent times, direct microsurgical clipping of large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms remains a formidable surgical challenge. We review here our surgical experiences in direct surgical clipping of large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms, especially in dealing with anterior clinoidectomy, distal dural ring resection, optic canal unroofing, clipping techniques, and surgical complications. Methods : Between September 2001 and February 2012, we directly obliterated ten large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms. In all cases, tailored orbito-zygomatic craniotomies with extradural and/or intradural clinoidectomy were performed. The efficacy of surgical clipping was evaluated with postoperative digital subtraction angiography and computed tomographic angiography. Results : Of the ten cases reported, five each were of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Five aneurysms occurred in the carotid cave, two in the superior hypophyseal artery, two in the intracavernous, and one in the posterior wall. The mean diameter of the aneurysms sac was 18.8 mm in the greatest dimension. All large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms were obliterated with direct neck clipping without bypass. With the exception of the one intracavenous aneurysm, all large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms were occluded completely. Conclusion : The key features of successful surgical clipping of large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms include enhancing exposure of proximal neck of aneurysms, establishing proximal control, and completely obliterating aneurysms with minimal manipulation of the optic nerve. Our results suggest that internal carotid artery reconstruction using multiple fenestrated clips without bypass may potentially achieve complete occlusion of large paraclinoid aneurysms.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 2000

Objective : In general, most of saccular aneurysms arise at arterial divisions, but those arising at unbranched site are rare. These aneurysms might impose neurosurgeons a formidable surgical challenge, due to uncommon features and a difficult surgical technique. Methods : Between the period of Jan. 1996 and Dec. 1998, a total of 110 cases of aneurysms were operated. Among them, five cases of unbranched site aneurysms were retrospectively analyzed through medical records, angiographic and operative findings. Results : The incidence of aneurysms unrelated to arterial branches was 4.5%. All cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) ; three(60%) were at internal carotid artery(ICA) and two(40%) at middle cerebral artery (MCA). Two had a history of hypertension and three showed atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall. One ICA and one MCA aneurysms proved to be a blood blister-like aneurysm(BBA) in their shape. Strikingly, a rapid neurological deterioration was shown in two ruptured ICA variants, which resulted in death and another two aneurysms left with morbidity. Conclusion : The preoperative neurological status in most cases was relatively poor compared to that of aneurysms arising at a branched site. Regarding its pathogenesis, atherosclerosis as well as hemodynamic factors may play an important role in formation of these variant aneurysms among various etiological factors. The overall prognosis of unbranched site aneurysms was worse than that of branched site aneurysms. In cases of BBAs, special attention was requisite to handle them during clipping and/or wrapping due to an easy fragile, thin aneurysmal wall.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.689-699
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• 2018

Objective : The goal of this study was to compare several parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS) and flow pattern, between unruptured and ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms using patient-specific aneurysm geometry. Methods : In total, 18 unruptured and 24 ruptured aneurysms were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. Minimal, average, and maximal wall shear stress were calculated based on CFD simulations. Aneurysm height, ostium diameter, aspect ratio, and area of aneurysm were measured. Aneurysms were classified according to flow complexity (simple or complex) and inflow jet (concentrated or diffused). Statistical analyses were performed to ascertain differences between the aneurysm groups. Results : Average wall shear stress of the ruptured group was greater than that of the unruptured group (9.42% for aneurysm and 10.38% for ostium). The average area of ruptured aneurysms was 31.22% larger than unruptured aneurysms. Simple flow was observed in 14 of 18 (78%) unruptured aneurysms, while all ruptured aneurysms had complex flow (p<0.001). Ruptured aneurysms were more likely to have a concentrated inflow jet (63%), while unruptured aneurysms predominantly had a diffused inflow jet (83%, p=0.004). Conclusion : Ruptured aneurysms tended to have a larger geometric size and greater WSS compared to unruptured aneurysms, but the difference was not statistically significant. Flow complexity and inflow jet were significantly different between unruptured and ruptured ACoA aneurysms.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.163-165
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• 2008

Kissing aneurysms are the rare type of multiple aneurysms. They are adjacent aneurysms of different origin arteries in the same region, which require great care in diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of kissing aneurysms at the anterior communicating artery (AcomA) which were treated by endovascular coil embolization.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2006

Objective : The present study evaluated overall surgical results for 3,000 patients with intracranial aneurysms, operated on in Busan Paik Hospital institution. Methods : Three thousand aneurysm cases, operated on in Busan Paik Hospital between January 1980 to June, 15th, 2005, were evaluated based on the following criteria; aneurysm form, aneurysm location, surgical results, postoperative complications, and seasonsonality of occuence. 957 cases were anterior communicating artery aneurysms, 776 were internal carotid artery[ICA] aneurysms, 755 were middle cerebral artery[MCA] aneurysms, 96 were anterior cerebral artery[ACA] aneurysms, 128 were vertebro-basilar artery[VBA] aneurysms and 288 were multiple aneurysms. The male to female ratio was 0.7 to 1 Surgical methods included 2.738 clippings, 219 coating and wrappings, 23 aneurysmoraphies, 20 proximal ligations. Results : Rebleeding occured in 5.1% of the early operation group and 16% of the late operation group respectively. Incidence of clinical vasospasm was 166% and angiographic vasospasm was 24.1%. The percentage of the multiple aneurysms was 9.5%, the percentage of the dissecting aneurysm was 6 cases [0.2%], 6 of the total [0.2%];De Novo" aneurysm, the percentage of lobectomies with clipping cases was 9 cases [03%] the percentage were incidental aneurysms; 164 [5.5%]. 88.1% had overall favorable surgical results with a 5.5 % mortality rate. Calcium-channel blocker and "Triple H" therapy did not improve mortality but did significantly improve morbidity. In the old age group, early operation reduced vasospasm, rebleeding and medical complications. The early surgery group exhibited a 86.2% favorable outcome with a 8.1% mortality rate. Intraoperative angiography reduced residual or remained aneurysms in large, giant aneurysm, especially in A.com artery aneurysm. Conclusion : The surgical results for the early surgery group according to surgical timming was better, but there were not statistically significant. ntraoperative angiography was especially useful on large aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery.