• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1994

Concentration of volatile particulate nitrate(NH$_4$NO$_3$) in TSP in ambient air was determined from Feb. to Oct 1993. Sampling was carried out using a two-stage Andersen air sampler at the top of a five-story building located at Kon- Kuk University in Seoul Concentration of NH$_4$NO$_3$ in TSP was measured by Pyrolysis of sample filters at 16$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. Concentration of NH$_4$NO$_3$ was higher in winter time compared with that in summer time. Also, concentration of NH$_4$NO$_3$ was higher in fine particles compared with that in coarse particle. The range of NH$_4$NO$_3$concentration was between 2.99 and 9.86 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. Weight fraction of NH$_4$NO$_3$ in total particulate nitrate was 31.1~59.5%, and weight fraction of NH$_4$NO$_3$ in YSP was 2.1~11.2%.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 1986

Atmospheric particulate matter (A. P. M.) was collected and size-fractionated by an Andersen high-volume air sampler over 15 month period from Jan. 1985 to Feb. 1986 in Seoul. The concentration of chloride, nitrate and sulfate were extracted in an ultrasonic bath and were analyzed by ion chromatography. The annual arithmetical mean of A. P. M. was 128.54 $\mug/m^3$. The concentration of anions were 2.88 $\mug/m^3$ for chloride, 3.86$\mug/m^3$ for nitrate, and 25.44$\mug/m^3$ for sulfate. The content of A. P. M. was lowest in the particle size range 1.1 $\sim 3.3\mum$ and increased as the particle size increased or decreased. And the anions exhibited a seasonal variation in the isize distribution. The contents of anions were higher in winter than summer. Ther ratio of fine particles to the total particles defined by F/T for chloride, nitrate and sulfate. The F\ulcornerT of these anion generally decrease with increasing air temperature. This tendency was prevalent in the chloride and nitrate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1963-1970
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• 2014

Ambient particulate matters($PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$) were investigated at GNTECH university in Jinju city. Samples were collected using a dichotomous sampler(series 240, Andersen Corp.) and a TEOM(Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance) monitor period from November 2012 to October 2013. For the dichotomous sampler measurements, daily 24-h integrated $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10-2.5}$ ambient air samples were collected at a total flow rate of 16.7 L /min. For the TEOM monitor measurements, daily 1-h integrated $PM_{10}$ ambient air samples were collected at a flow rate of 16.7 L /min. The annual average concentrations of $PM_{10-2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ by a dichotomous sampler were $10.0{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/m^3$ and $22.6{\pm}9.3{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. And $PM_{10}$ concentration by dichotomous sampler were similar to TEOM monitor by $32.7{\pm}12.9{\mu}g/m^3$ and $31.7{\pm}11.3{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. And good correlation ($R^2=0.964$) between the two methods was observed. The annual average of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio was $0.70{\pm}0.12$.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-62
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• 1991

Yellow Sand Phenomena was observed from April 8 th to 10 th in 1990. During this period particle was collected to investigate the chacteristics of chemical composition of particulate by High Volume Air Sampler and Andersen Air Sa~npler in Seoul. During this period the particle concentration was 350 yg/$m^3$ and the anions, cations, and metal concentrations were increased and the orders of these were $S0_4\;^{-2}>N0_3\;^->Cl^->F^-, Na^+>Ca^{+2}>NH_4\;^+>Mg^{2+}>K^+$, and Fe>Al>Si>Zn>Pb respectively. The principal source of Yellow Sand were identified soil and sea salt. Mn used by the trace element of soil, the persentage of contribution from soil was calculated to be about 81.3% for the particle increased by Yellow Sand Phenomena. Also the principal chemical compounds of particle were estimate metals(Fe, Al, Si, Zn) oxides, $CaSO_4, NaSO_4, MgSO_4, NaC1, MgCl_2$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.251-253
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• 2000

본 연구는 대전 1,2 공단 지역을 대상으로 발암 금속 6종(As Be, Cd, Cr, Ni 및 Pb)을 포함한 15종의 독성 금속을 선정하여 유도결합 플라스마 분광법(ICP-MS)을 이용하여 3년간 분석하고 이 농도 자료에 근거하여 각 금속의 확률론적 농도를 평가하고자 한다. 대기중 부유분진은 대전시 대화동(대전 1,2 공단내 대화동 동사무소 건물 옥상)에 high-volume air sampler(Graseby Andersen : SAUB-10H Model, USA)를 약 0.85$\textrm{m}^3$/min으로 운전하여 시료당 공기량이 약 1,200 $\textrm{m}^3$가 유지되도록 포집하였다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 1990

During the period from Mar. 1985 to Feb. 1988, airborne particulate matters were collected and size fractionated by the ANdersen high volume air sampler in Seoul. The concentrations of several heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and benzo(a)pyrene were determined to investigate the size distributions and seasonal variations. And with respect to seven components in the total suspended particulate (TSP), the factor analysis was performed for three groups such as the coarse particles (> 2 $\mu$m), fine particles (< $\mu$m) and TSP. As a result of factor analysis by using the varimax method, the chemical components in the TSP were able to characterize with two principal factors. The first factor, F1 was considered to be a factor indicating the contribution of natural sources and the second factor, F2 was a factor indicating the degree of artificial sources. Each components in the TSP was divided into two main groups of components originated from soil and/or road dust and pollutants originated from automobiles and/or human work.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 1996

Airborne suspended particulates were collected by an Andersen high volume air sampler in a traffic area of Seoul from September 1990 to August 1991. Origanic matter extracted from particulates, their fractions, namely acidic, basic, neutral and carcinogenic subfractions (PAHs, nitroarenes) in neutral fractions were assayed for mutagenicity on TA98, TA100 and TA98NR deficient Salmonella strains, use of the pre-incubation method. The relative contribution to total mutanenicity of organic matters was highest in neutral fraction and was lowest in basic fraction. Among subfractions, that of neutral fraction was higher nitroarenes subfraction compared to PAHs subfraction. While the carcinogenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene was calculated as 0.96 persons/million persons based on unit risk estimates by extrapolation method, life time excess cancer risk estimate of EOM, neutral, PAH fraction based on their mutagenicity was calculated as 52, 42, 3.8 persons/million persons, respectively. These findings indicate that the mutagenic hazard of the partciculate, air organic complex mixture, may be dependent upon the mutagen composition in the particulate and interactions each of them. Therfore, health risk from air organic complex mixtures based on mutagenicity might be useful indicator for evaluation of actual risk.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.323-328
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• 1986

This paper describes on the distribution of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various size of atmospheric particulate matter (A.P.M.). A.P.M. in Seoul city were collected on guartz fiber filter according to particle size using an Andersen high volume air sampler from Feb. 1983 to March 1984. And 7 PAHs [benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(ghi)perylene, benzo(e) pyrene, perylene, chrysene, and pyrene] were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of A.P.M. showed spring-winter maxima and summer-autumn minia. The A.P.M. was lowest in the concentration at the 1.1~3.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ particulates, and the concentration increased as the particle size increased or decreased. But the concentrations of PAHs increased with the decrease in the particle size, and were predominant in winter. The correlations among the PAHs were high. And there fore, benzo(a)pyrene concentration could be considered as the representive of PAHs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 1990

Total suspended particles were collected and size-fractionated by an Andersen high-volume air sampler at Chungang University located near the Han River, Seoul, Korea, during the period form March, 1986 to August, 1986 and from March, 1987 to February, 1988. The concentrations and the particle size distributions of anions such as chloride, nitrate and sulfate were determined by ion chromatography. The averages of concentrations were $125.43\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1986 and $189.19\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1987 for total suspended particles (TSP), $2.12\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1986 and $4.14\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1987 for chloride, $4.39\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1986 and $5.95\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1987 for nitrate and $11.98\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1986 and $19.29\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in 1987 for sulfate. Size distribution of TSP was found to be generally bimodal. Chloride exhibited a seasonal variation in the distribution; fine particles were predominant in the winter whereas the concentration of coarse ones was almost same through four seasons. Nitrate showed a distribution similar to that of chloride. Such variation was less significant for sulfate. For chloride and nitrate, the relationship between the monthly averaged distribution pattern and air temperature was analyzed in terms of fine fraction (FF). The FF decreased with increasing air temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.222-229
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• 1993

Total suspended particles in the atmosphere were collected on the quartz fiber filters using an ANdersen Hi-volume air sampler from March 1989 to October 1989 and from June 1990 to February 1991, at Chung-Ang University in Seoul. A total amount of eight heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, V, Ti, Mn) in total suspended particles were determined by ICP spectrophotometer. The annual arithmetic mean concentration of total suspended particle was 162.3$\mug/m^3$ and eight metals(Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, V, Ti, Mn) were 11.6, 609.2, 3.5, 337.1, 2739.5, 15.1, 89.4 and 100.5ng/$m^3$, respectively. The concentration of total suspended particle was highest in the spring(343.7$\mug/m^3$) and lowest in the summer(91.8$\mug/m^3$). These heavy metals were distinguished into two groups in terms of their particle size distribution. The contents of first-group heavy metals (Fe, Ti, Mn) were increased in accordance with the growth of the particle size. The contents of the second-group ones such as Pb, Cd, V, and Zn, on the contrary, came to increase according as the particle size reduced. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a correlation between total suspended particle and Fe in coarse particles, and between total Suspended Particle and Zn, Pb in fine particle.