• BMB Reports
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2005

Calcium and zinc binding protein, calprotectin is a multifunctional protein with broad spectrum antimicrobial and antitumoural activity. It was purified from human neutrophil, using a two-step ion exchange chromatography. Since surface hydrophobicity of calprotectin may be important in membrane anchoring, membrane penetration, subunits oligomerization and some biological roles of protein, in this study attempted to explore the effect of calcium in physiological range on the calprotectin lipophilicity. Incubation of human calprotectin ($50\;{\mu}g/ml$) with different calcium concentrations showed that 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence intensity of the protein significantly elevates with calcium in a dose dependent manner, suggesting an increase in calprotectin surface hydrophobicity upon calcium binding. Our study also indicates that calcium at higher concentrations (6, 8 and 10 mM) induces aggregation of human calprotectin. Our finding demonstrates that the starting time and the rate constant of calprotectin aggregation depend on the calcium concentration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.538-548
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• 1995

Calcium hydroxide has been used not only as pulp capping and pulpotomy agents in the operative dentistry, but dressing and temporary filling materials in root canal treatment. Calcium hydroxide was known to stimulate odontoblast to produce new reparative dentin and to eliminate microorganims effectively in the infected root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide solution on cultured L929 cells and its antibacterial effect on several streptococci. Calcium hydroxide solution (0.121g/100ml) was added to L929 cells and cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red (NR) dye. Calcium hydroxide solution (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and $150{\mu}l$) was added to L929 cells in 96-well microplates for 1, 4 and 24 hours respectively. Cell viability was gradually decreased when the volume and exposure time of calcium hydroxide solution were increased. When $150{\mu}l$ of calcium hydroxide was applied to L929 cells for 24 hours, there was more than fifty percent reduction of cell viability. Calcium hydroxide solution (20g/100ml) showed antibacterial effect against S. uberis, S. intermedius and S. mitis after thirty-second exposure. But 0.121g/100ml concentration of cacium hydroxide solution exhibited no antibacterial effect on six streptococci after one-hour exposure.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.525-526
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• 2006

Calcium-hexaluminate phase $(CA_6)$ is known to be effective for the crack shielding due to the spinel block crystal structure. In this study, we focused to the control of $CA_6$ morphology for good damage tolerance behavior in alumina and zirconia/calcium-hexaluminate $(CA_6)$ composites. Calcium-hexaluminate $(CA_6)$ composites were prepared from zirconia, alumina and calcium carbornate powders. Calcium-hexaluminate $(CA_6)$ phase was obtained by the solid reaction through the formation of intermediate phase $(CA_2)$. $CA_6$ phase showed the column type abnormal grain grown behavior composed of small blocks. Due to the typical microstructure of $CA_6$, alumina and zirconia/calcium-hexaluminate composites provide a well controlled crack propagation behavior.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1459-1464
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential use of cheese whey protein (CWP), a cheese by-product. The physiological activity of calcium-binding peptides in CWP may be used as a food additive that prevents bone disorders. This research also examined the characteristics of calcium-binding peptides. After the CWP was heat treated, it was hydrolyzed by trypsin. Then calcium-binding peptides were separated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and reverse phase HPLC, respectively. To examine the characteristics of the purified calcium-binding peptides, amino acid composition and amino acid sequence were analyzed. Calcium-binding peptides with a small molecular weight of about 1.4 to 3.4 kDa were identified in the fraction that was flowed out from 0.25 M NaCl step gradient by ion-exchange chromatography of tryptic hydrolysates. The results of the amino acid analysis revealed that glutamic acid in a calcium-binding site took up most part of the amino acids including a quantity of proline, leucine and lysine. The amino acid sequence of calcium-binding peptides showed Phe-Leu-Asp-Asp-Asp-Leu-Thr-Asp and Ile-Leu-Asp-Lys from $\alpha$-LA and Ile-Pro-Ala-Val-Phe-Lys and Val-Tyr-Val-Glu-Glu-Leu-Lys from ${\beta}$-LG.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2014

Plasma ionized calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) concentrations are tightly regulated in the body and maintained within a narrow range; thus it is challenging to quantify calcium absorption under normal physiologic conditions. This study aimed to develop a mechanistic model for the parathyroid hormone (PTH) response after calcium intake and indirectly compare the difference in oral calcium absorption from PTH responses. PTH and $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations were collected from 24 subjects from a clinical trial performed to evaluate the safety and calcium absorption of Geumjin Thermal Water in comparison with calcium carbonate tablets in healthy subjects. Indirect response models (NONMEM Ver. 7.2.0) were fitted to observed $Ca^{2+}$ and PTH data, respectively, in a manner that absorbed but unobserved $Ca^{2+}$ inhibits the secretion of PTH. Without notable changes in $Ca^{2+}$ levels, PTH responses were modeled and used as a marker for the extent of calcium absorption.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2000

This study was carried out with 200 students of Chungbuk National University to investigate their dietary behavior and calcium intake and to find out variables among general characteristics of subjects which influence dietary behavior and calcium intake. Questionaires and interviews were used for data collection. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Dietary behavior of college students were not desirable as a whole. The percentages of skipping breakfast and irregular meal among students were over one third, respectively. Especially students living alone skipped breakfast more frequently, took their meals more irregularly, and their eating frequencies of 6 food groups were lower compared to students eating at home. 2) Calcium intake was significantly different according to gender. Mean calcium intake of male students was 744.0 mg/day and that of female students was 480.8 mg/day. Average %RDA of calcium intake of female students was 68.5%. Resource food contributing to calcium intake in the first order was milk, next was yogurt, Small anchovies, kimchi made with Chinese cabbage, ice cream and soybean curd in that order. From the results of this study, we found that the students living alone and female students are exposed to high risk of poor dietary behavior and undernutrition of calcium. In conclusion, nutrition education programs for them are required as soon as possible.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.176-180
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• 2005

흰쥐를 대상으로 하여 식이 단백질 수준에 따라 칼슘 수준을 달리하여 식이를 공급하여 칼슘 식이효율, 칼슘대사와 관련된 호르몬, 대퇴골의 무게 및 칼슘 함유량, 골밀도를 측정하였다. 실험 식이의 구성은 \circled1 HPNC군-고단백 적정칼슘군(Protein: 400 g/kg diet, calcuim: 0.5%) \circled2 HPLC군-고단백 저칼슘군(Protein: 400 g/kg diet, calcium: 0.1%) \circled3 NPNC군-적정 단백 적정 칼슘군 protein: 200 g/kg diet, calcium: 0.5%) \circled4 NPLC군-적정단백 저칼슘군(protein: 200 g/kg diet, calcium: 0.1%)으로 구별하였다. 실험 종료까지의 체중은 NPLC군에서 가장 많이 증가하였으나, 실험군간의 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 식이 섭취량도 실험군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 뇨 칼슘배설량은 고단백군이 적정단백군보다 높은 경향을 나타내었고, HPLC군에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으며 체내 칼슘보유량과 흡수율은 실험군에 따른 차이가 없었다. 뼈형성의 biomarker인 ALP의 활성은 저칼슘 식이군인 NPLC군에서 유의하게 높았고, 고단백 적정칼슘을 섭취한 HPNC군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈액의 PTH 농도는 HPLC군에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 소변의 DPD농도는 저칼슘 식이군인 HPLC군과 NPLC군에서 높은 수치로 관찰되었고, HPNC군에서는 유의적으로 낮아졌다. 대퇴골의 건조 전의 습윤무게는 중 100 g당의 무게로 환산했을 때 NPLC군에서 가장 낮았으며 건조 후의 대퇴골의 무게 역시 다른군에 비해 NPLC군에서 가장 낮았다. 대퇴골의 회분 함량은 실험군간의 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 칼슘 함량은 NPLC군과 HPLC군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 대퇴골의 골밀도는 NPNC군에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, NPC군은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구결과 고단백 저칼슘 식이 섭취시 요중 칼슘 배설량이 가장 많았고, DPD 농도가 다른 군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으며, 골밀도도 가장 낮게 조사되어 고단백식이 섭취시 칼슘섭취 부족은 칼슘대사에 좋지 못한 결과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.이로 볼 때 적절한 단백질과 칼슘 섭취가 골격의 건강을 유지하고 노령화에 따른 골격질환을 예방할 수 있고, 특히 고단백 섭취시에는 칼슘영 양이 부족할 경우 골격 대사를 저해할 수 있으므로 충분한 칼슘 섭 취가 무엇보다도 중요하다고 본다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1999

흰쥐 난자의 체외수정에 있어서 calcium chelator처리에 따른 피질반응 및 피질과립막의 형성 여부와 피질과립막의 전자현미경적 미세구조를 관찰하고, 수정율 및 단정자수정과 다정자수정 빈도에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 수정기간중 calcium의 역할을 조사하였다. Calcium chelator로는 BAPTA/AM을 사용하였으며, 난자의 미세구조와 피질과립막은 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 투명대가 제거된 난자의 체외수정 과정에서는 피질반응에 의해 형성된 피질과립막 (cortical granule envelope)이 관찰되었고, calcium chelator (1, 5, 10, $\mu$M BAPTA/AM) 처리후 투명대가 제거 된 난자의 체외수정 에서도 마찬가지로 피질과립막이 관찰되었다. 또한 체외 수정 후 시간의 경과에 따라 피질과립막은 좀 더 발달되는 양상을 나타내었다. 수정율은 calcium chelator 처리군 (59.8, 38.1, 37.0%)이 대조군 (60.6%)에 비해 감소했으나, 단정자수정은 calcium chelator 처리군 (45.0, 47.3, 50.9%)이 대조군 (37.5%)에 비해 증가하였다. 위의 결과들로부터 흰쥐에서 수정시 피질과립막이 형성된다는 것을 밝혔고, 피질반응에 extracellular calcium이 이용됨을 알 수 있다. 또한 난자내의 적정한 free calcium 함량이 수정에 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2001

A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the nutritional status of Korean male lead workers and to assess the relationship between calcium nutritional status and blood lead levels. A flood consumption survey was conducted by the 24-hr recall method with 118 lead workers and 63 non-lead exposed controls. Blood lead levels were analyzed from whole blood and serum calcium concentrations were also assessed. Results of dietary analysis showed Korean lead workers consumed relatively sufficient nutrients (more than 75% of RDA) except, calcium. Mean dietary calcium intake of lead workers was 502.2mg(72% of RDA) while that of the non-lead workers was estimated as 600.8mg(86% of RDA). Intakes of protein, iron, niacin and vitamin C of lead workers were significantly lower than those of non-lead workers. There was a wide range of blood lead levels(5.5 to 73.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗) observed while mean blood lead level of lead workers was 30.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗. However, 98% of lead workers showed normal serum ca1cium concentrations (range ; 8.9 to 10.7mg/㎗, mean ; 9.77mg/㎗) while 66% of lead workers were estimated to intake a dietary calcium lower than 75% of RDA. Mean blood lead levels of non-1ead workers were significantly lower(mean ; 5.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, p ＜ 0.001) and the serum calcium concentration was significantly higher(mean ; 10.20mg/㎗, p ＜ 0.001) than lead workers. Results of unadjusted correlation showed that serum calcium level and dietary calcium intake were negatively correlated with blood lead concentration. In a multiple regression of blood lead levels with variables known as affecting blood lead 1eve1 such as age, body mass index and occupational lead exposure, serum calcium was insignificant while dietary calcium intake showed statistically significant(p ＜ 0.05) relation. Since calcium is a very important nutrient to reduce hazardous effects of lead, it should be strongly recommended that lead workers need to increase dietary calcium intake.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1984

Stigimatella aurantiaca는 calcium, barium, 또는 lithium이온이 포함된 배지에서는 빛을 비추어 주어도 stalk를 형성하지 않고 포자낭으로만 분화하였다. Calcium이온과 GMP가 함께 첨가된 배지(GMP 배지)에서는 빛의 유무에 관계없이 stalk와 포자낭을 지니는 fruiting body가 형성되었다. Calcium 이온과 pheromone 포함된 배지(pheromone배지)에서는 빛이 있는 경우에는 대부분의 세균들이 stalk로만 분화되었으나, 빛이 없는 경우에는 대부분 포자낭으로만 분화하였다. 세균집합체는 calcium과 potassium 및 sodium이 함꼐 첨가된 배지(CPS배지)에서보다 calcium 이온만 첨가된 배지 (calcium 배지)에서 더 많이 형성되었다. GMP 배지나 pheromone 배지에서는 calcium 배지에서보다 적은 수의 세균집합체가 형성되었고, 빛이 없는 경우에는 이 집합체의 형성이 소요된 시간이 단축되었다. 빛은 상기한 네가지 배지에서 공히 짧은 시간에 더 많은 세균집합체가 형성되도록 하였다.