• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.123-138
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• 2011

This study examined how Chipogwan[緇布冠] with such a long history has been changed in China and Korea. With regard to the name, material, use and form of Chipogwan, the results of this study is summarized as follows. Chipogwan was mentioned continuously in ancient books of ceremonies and literature from the Tang dynasty [唐代], but from the Song dynasty [宋代] new name Chigwan [緇冠: a black hat] appeared besides Chipogwan. The two names were transmitted to Joseon dynasty [朝鮮] and used together until the mid Joseon dynasty, but from the 18th-19th centuries, Chipogwan was adopted according to ancient ceremonies and this name has been used continuously until today. The change of the name reflects the change of the material. Ancient Chipogwan was made of hemp [布] but when the term Chigwan appeared in the Song dynasty it was made of paper and Sa [紗: a 2-end simple gauze]. As other materials were added to hemp, po (布) was omitted from Chipogwan. As to the use of Chipogwan, it was a coronet used in purification ceremonies [齋冠] in ancient times. Then, it was used as Chogagwan [初加冠: a first hat putting on] in coming-of-age ceremonies [冠禮] from Zhou dynasty (周). During the Song and Joseon dynasty, Chipogwan was used in coming-of-age ceremonies as well as in daily life. As to the form, Chipogwan in ancient books of rites and the Song dynasty was a small coronet covering the topknot. In the Joseon dynasty, the form of Song dynasty was followed until the mid period, and then after the mid $18^{th}$ century, another form was proposed according ancient books of rites and an independent form of ceremonial coronet appeared that covered the entire head rather than covering only the topknot.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.67-85
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• 2016

This paper review literary trend in the late Yuan and the early Ming dynasty and the position of Song lian 宋濂's literature in that time. Analyzing his literary theory chronologically, this paper were able to reveal that Song lian had falled into ancient prose of the Chin and Han dynasty for a long time. He have been symply summarized as a confucian literary man, but he could not extricate himself from ancient prose during youth and his manhood. It was only after that he met his teacher Huang jin 黃? and withdrew into the six confucian classics and began to have a view of literature based in confusian. But he still wasn't able to rid himself of the temptation of ancient prose. At the age of fifty, assisting Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 in founding Ming dynasty, he's built up his own view of literature based in the Six Confucian Classics 六經, confucian scholars during the Song dynasty, ancient prose of the Tang and Song dynasty like as Hanyu 韓愈 and Ouyang Xiu 歐陽脩's works. In short, undergoing a complete transformation individually and historically through a tumultuous period of the late Yuan and the early Ming, Song lian could establish his own view of literature based in confusian and present ideological coordinates and a new model of the Ming literature.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.3 s.43
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

In ancient times, architectural design was seen as a critical task in building technologies. Specifically, form, dimension and structural design are of significant. These aspects are associated with each other and to be emerged as a whole. Designing plan dimension was deemed to be the core of design technology due to its close relationship with module system. Thus, its evolution as well as development process typically represents and reflects the spirits and contents of design technologies in ancient China. In China, the materials regarding ancient architectural technology include Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty and Gongchengzuofazeli(工程做法則例) of Qing Dynasty. They show many aspects concerning materials, structure, scale system and building. In Yingzaofashi, although the length of objects are decided by 'cai(材)' and 'fen(分)', there are no regulations on length, width and height of a building. However, in the construction of ancient buildings, the above mentioned basic scales are very important in both design and construction. The present paper attempts to discuss the significance, namely, the design principles of length, with and height of ancient chinese architecture.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.43
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• pp.93-123
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• 2011

is a work of art that was composed through fluid and laminating by being passed down orally for a long time like other ancient songs. As well as, it is given a history of literature's value in the point that it is a Korea's first poetry work, it is considered it casts a long shadow to establishing traditionality of our country's poetry. Even today, has been transformed and recreated into a variety of genres because its literary subject carry the universal emotions and win the sympathy. This manuscript examines modern poetry, modern novel and modern songs that consist of changed ancient song and looks modern writers' perspective about through characteristic that each of works has and then aims checking special situation and meaning that is implicit and recognizing the value of the original. As the has been recreated as modern poetry, it shows the current chaotic situation specifically by embodying it and actively seeks expressing human character, agony and longing, etc, by excluding factor of the original mythical interpretation. Also it rouses situation of reality as detained and repressed. , recreated as modern novel, expands narrative structure and shows portrait of various characters and speaks diverse human condition about reality and suggests plan for dealing with that. Basic emotions of the original is strongly passed to modern popular song . It makes us know that universal emotions which human has across generations can touch people transcending time and space and it is a fresh discovery and possibility that reaffirms the emotion of our people. Ancient song has been studied with emphasis on resignation and grief by focusing on the subject, simply parting and death. But recently, through transformation between a wide range of genres. it carries the spirit of the times that author toward, showing realistic and specific situations. Flexibility of ancient song is expected to continue its vitality transcending generations. Ancient song is assured that it can lead various aspects through active groping in era of change with a various possibility, that the original has, through communication between genres.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Kyung(景, 景衣), Which is Wedding ceremonial head dress, Veil. Ancient China. When dynasty is changing. wedding head dress form is different. Old china, Kyung(景) was sleeves attached dress form. But. after Dang(唐) and Song(宋) Dynasty changed square formed clothes, which is put on from head to the shoulder, and another is sleeves attached dress form. In Japan. after Edo Dynasty, Wedding veil, which was sleeves attached dress formed, head dress cloth. Mouei(帽衣). and Piuei(被衣). Ancient Korea have been face covered clothes. Myunuei(面衣). from Buyo(夫餘) to the south Silla(남국신라) Dynasty. Koryo(高麗) dynasty. likeness of the Song Dynasty square formed head wear, Mongsu(蒙首), and Kedu(蓋頭). When Chosen(朝鮮) Dynasty, Kyunguei(景衣), which was square formed 12 chuk size head wear of the blue colored veil. When King and Queen finished wedding ceremony in the another palace, Queen following the King, go to the palace. who put on the wedding veil, Kyungui(景衣), in the papanquin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2024

『Hasimdangga Eumsikbeop』 is the second cookbook discovered in the Honam region. It is believed to have been copied by Hong Ju-song between the late 1800s and early 1900s, and excluding the missing parts, it contains a total of 14 items, including 7 liquor items and 7 general food items. Judging from the proofreading marks, it was not considered a complete creation. However, it was confirmed that the book was not influenced by existing ancient cookbooks from the Seoul-Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Yeongnam areas. Therefore, it is highly likely that the book was based on an undiscovered recipe book from an ancient family. It is valuable as a basis for comparative research on regional food culture in the traditional era in that the manufacturing methods, ingredient quantities, and description methods are different from existing cookbooks in many ways and contain unique terminologies and regional dialects.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

This study investigates the crystallinity distribution of ancient silk. Owing to the inherent multi-hierarchical structure of silk protein and the complicated structural changes that occur due to various burial environments, it is challenging but worthwhile to study ancient silk ageing behavior, which is based on the fact that ageing begins with a single fiber and then spreads to a whole fabric. Crystallinity was one of the most effective indicators found to reveal the ageing status of silk. Therefore, a synchrotron radiation-based X-ray diffraction(SR-XRD) method was employed to study the crystallinity distribution of single fibers of ancient silk unearthed from seven archaeological sites in China from historical periods including the warring states, Han dynasty, Song dynasty, and Ming dynasty. In comparison, the conventional X-ray diffraction method, which uses large amounts of samples, was also performed to determine the integral crystallinity of ancient silk. Thermal stability experiments by thermogravimetry(TG) as well as morphology observations by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and optical microscopy(OM) all confirmed the deterioration of ancient silk. Moreover, the ageing mechanism of ancient silk was proposed with the assistance of an artificial ageing study. The results confirmed the effectiveness of SR-XRD as an ageing indicator, revealing the crystallinity distribution. This research could provide motivation to determine the deterioration status of ancient silk, and would also aid in explaining the fragility of ancient silk due to ageing.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.223-234
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• 2018

Ancient Chinese mathematics education has a long history of more than 3,000 years, and many excellent mathematicians have been fostered. However, the systematic framework for teaching mathematics should be considered to be started from the Zhou Dynasty. In this paper, we examined the educational goals, trainees(learners), providers(educators), and contents in mathematics education in the ancient Chinese Zhou Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.127-144
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• 2022

This paper aims to analyze the different external images of women expressed in ancient artwork through the socio-cultural background and the aesthetic view during the Tang and Song dynasties of China. The research method contains a literature review involving the collection of historical literature, thesis, and artwork data. The image of women according to the aesthetic view of the two periods is summarized as follows. In terms of face shape, the Tang pursued a round face while the Song pursued a more slender shape. As for hair ornamentation, the Tang wore various shapes of hair buns like "Paojiaji", and decorated them with coronets. The Song wore various types of braided hair called "Tongxinji", but the coronets were smaller and more sophisticated. For makeup, the Tang wore colorful and heavy makeup and the Song makeup was lighter and more elegant. In attire, the Tang followed revealed shape, used splendid colors and thin, transparent material. The Song exhibited a more simple design and was conservative and neat, using luxurious silk fabric with low chroma. In body shape, the Tang pursued the "beauty of obesity" with a voluptuous body shape; the Song pursued the "beauty of gaunt" with a slim body shape. As the result of the analysis according to the aesthetic views of the Tang and Song dynasties, women of Tang were depicted as rich, and women of Song were rather neat. The research on the aesthetic views that changed according to the development of social civilization and the status of women will play an active role in the transmission and development of traditional Chinese culture. At this point, the paper may contribute to the creation of images of women as well as changes in the art of future generations.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Seonya theory(宣夜說) was one of the most important metagalaxy model in the ancient times. Unlike the other important metagalaxy model, it had the concept that the sky is not in the solid state but is just the infinite space which is full of gi(氣). But Seonya theory, though it had partially the superb academic thought, it had gradually become the forgotten thing among scholars in the ancient times. Since then, once forgotten Seonya theory was reconstructed again in Song(宋) dynasty, and Jangjae(張載) did the main role at that time. In the historical sequence like this, we need to take notice of one thing that "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" had worked on Jangjae as the origin of his sunya theory. So we also need to take notice of one thing that "Hwangjenaegyeong" is just a rare document that comprises the academic thought of Seonya theory which had once been forgotten in ancient times. Based on the historical situation like this, this study is focused on the idea that the discuss on the Jangjae's Seonya theory would be a good way to think of the cosmic theory of "Hwangjenaegyeong" and the theoretical thought derived from them. So this study will first look into the academic characteristics of Seonya theory of ancient times and of "Hwangjenaegyeong" and through the study on the academic characteristics of Jangjae(張載)'s Seonya theory, will also think of the significance of the thought of Jangjae's Seonya theory that would be some help to the research on "Hwangjenaegyeong".