• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.517-520
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• 2005

The embedded suction anchor(ESA) is and anchor that is driven by a suction pile. The cross-sectional shape of the ESA anchor is circle. Its diameter is the same as that of the suction pile that is used to drive it into the seafloor. For the installation, the anchor is attached to the tip of the suction pile and then driven as a unit with the pile by and applied suction pressure. Once the ESA anchor reaches the desired depth, the pile is retrieved by applying a positive pressure. Finally, only the ESA anchor remains in the soil layer. This paper presents the results of centrifuge model tests to investigate ESA pullout capacity. The main parameters that have effects on the pullout capacity of ESA may include g-level, embedded depth, direction of loading, and loading point. The results of tests show that the pullout loading capacities increase as the loading point shift toward the tip of the anchors for a given loading direction. They also indicate that the loading point associated with the maximum pullout loading capacity is located at approximately 67 percent of the anchor length from the top for the horizontal load.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1.2-15
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• 1994

This is the study which appear the relation between the situation of Anchor point and the qualities of lithographic prints using the uncoated paper. Anchor point were measured by microscopic photography and Kubelka-munk`s method. The situation of Anchor point increased with print density and print though, but it decreased with evenness and rub off. In case of commercial uncoated paper, the situation of Anchor point was optimized when it was 25~35% apporoximately. In preparation of samples for microscopic photography, the samples were used by the resin testing methods. This method used that the resin fixes the printed papers of sample very hard, in preparation of samples for microscopica potography a good result could be gained by this method.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

The Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) has been proposed to accommodate frequent mobility of the Mobile Node and to reduce the signaling load. A Mobility Anchor Point is a router located in a network visited by the Mobile Node. The Mobile Node uses the Mobile Anchor Point as a local Home Agent. The absence of any protections between Mobile Node and Mobile Anchor Point may lead to malicious Mobile Nodes impersonating other legitimate ones or impersonating a Mobile Anchor Point. In this paper, we propose a mechanism of the secure Mobile Anther Point discovery in HMIPv6. The performance analysis and the numerical results presented in this paper show that our proposal has superior performance to other methods.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.299-314
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• 2015

Submersed rock-berm structures are frequently used for protection of underwater lifelines such as pipelines and power cables. During the service life, the rock-berm structure can experience several accidental loads such as anchor collision. The consequences can be severe with a certain level of frequency; hence, the structural responses should be carefully understood for implementing a proper structural health monitoring method. However, no study has been made to quantify the structural responses because it is hard to deal with the individual behavior of each rock. Therefore, this study presents a collision analysis of the submersed rock-berm structure using a finite element software package by facilitating the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The analysis results were compared with those obtained from the Lagrange method. Moreover, two types of anchors (stock anchor and stockless anchor), three collision points and two different drop velocities (terminal velocity of each anchor and 5 m/s) were selected to investigate the changes in the responses. Finally, the effect of these parameters (analysis method, anchor type, collision point and drop velocity) on the analysis results was studied. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the SPH method is verified, a safe rock-berm height (over 1 m) is proposed, and a gauge point (0.5 m above the seabed) is suggested for a structural health monitoring implementation.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2021

AR (Augmented Reality) is a technology that provides virtual content to the real world and provides additional information to objects in real-time through 3D content. In the past, a high-performance device was required to experience AR, but it was possible to implement AR more easily by improving mobile performance and mounting various sensors such as ToF (Time-of-Flight). Also, the importance of mobile augmented reality is growing with the commercialization of high-speed wireless Internet such as 5G. Thus, this paper proposes a system that can provide AR services via GNN (Graph Neural Network) using cameras and sensors on mobile devices. ToF of mobile devices is used to capture depth maps. A 3D point cloud was created using RGB images to distinguish specific colors of objects. Point clouds created with RGB images and Depth Map perform downsampling for smooth communication between mobile and server. Point clouds sent to the server are used for 3D object detection. The detection process determines the class of objects and uses one point in the 3D bounding box as an anchor point. AR contents are provided through app and web through class and anchor of the detected object.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 2014

The embedded suction anchor, ESA, is one type of mooring anchor systems which utilizes the suction pile or caisson to penetrate the anchor into the sea bed and develops its capacity under pullout load. In this study, the numerical analysis using ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) Adaptive Meshing technique was performed to simulate the pullout behavior of the ESA, and the results were compared to those of the previous research, centrifuge model tests and the analytical method based on limit equilibrium theory. The pullout behaviors of the ESA under horizontal, vertical, and inclined loading were evaluated. The analysis results showed that the maximum horizontal pullout load was developed when the location of loading point was at the mid-point, and the each vertical pullout load gave the similar value regardless of the locations of the loading points. The pullout load decreased as the load inclination angle increased at the mid-point of the anchor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.285-292
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• 2004

Earth Anchor method as a supporting system is widely used in the large scale deep excavation of urban areas or slope excavation project. Considering the application frequency of that method and catastrophe of that method under unproper construction management, we can find out many problems relevant to the domestic design and construction management of earth anchor method. When we encounter the cases of rapid increments and various decrements in earth anchor axial forces, considering the characteristic of earth anchor method, it is an essential point to catch the reasons and to prepare countermeasures. This article introduces two actual monitoring examples based on the close analyses of measured data in a typical large scale deep excavation project and slope excavation project. One is a rapidly increasing case of earth anchor axial forces with the continuous advance of incremental deformation in a geological layer interface. And another is a decreasing case of earth anchor axial forces with the construction conditions. The effort of this article aims to improve and develop the technique of design and construction in the coming projects having similar ground condition and supporting method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2019

In this study, an innovative anchoring approach has been developed dealing with all relevant aspects in consideration of previous works. An ultimate pulling force calculation of anchor is presented from a geotechnical point of view. The proposed umbrella anchor focuses not only on the friction resistance capacity, but also on the axial capacity of the composite end structure and the friction capacity occurring around the wedge. Even though the theoretical background is proposed, in-situ application requires high-level mechanical design. Hence, the required parts have been carefully improved and are composed of anchor body, anchor cap, connection brackets, cutter vanes, open-close ring, support elements and grouting system. Besides, stretcher element made of aramid fabric, interior grouting system, guide tube and cable-locking apparatus are the unique parts of this design. The production and placement steps of real sized anchors are explained in detail. Experimental results of 52 pullout tests on the weak dry soils and 12 in-situ tests inside natural soil indicate that the proposed approach is conservative and its peak pullout value is directly limited by a maximum strength of anchored soil layer if other failure possibilities are eliminated. Umbrella anchor is an alternative to conventional anchor applications used in all types of soils. It not only provides time and workmanship benefits, but also a high level of economic gain and safe design.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.825-844
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• 2017

This study aimed to find out the pullout capacity of inclined strip anchor plate embedded in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous fully saturated cohesive soil in undrained condition. The ultimate pullout load has been found out by using numerical lower bound finite element analysis with linear programming. The undrained pullout capacity of anchor plate of width B is determined for different embedment ratios (H/B) varying from 3 to 7 and various inclination of anchor plates ranging from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with an interval of $15^{\circ}$. In case of anisotropic fully saturated clay the variation of cohesion with direction has been considered by varying the ratio of the cohesion along vertical direction ($c_v$) to the cohesion along horizontal direction ($c_h$). In case of nonhomogeneous clay the cohesion of the undrained clay has been considered to be increased with depth below ground surface keeping $c_v/c_h=1$. The results are presented in terms of pullout capacity factor ($F_{c0}=p_u/c_H$) where $p_u$ is the ultimate pullout stress along the anchor plate at failure and $c_H$ is the cohesion in horizontal direction at the level of the middle point of the anchor plate. It is observed that the pullout capacity factor increases with an increase in anisotropic cohesion ratio ($c_v/c_h$) whereas the pullout capacity factor decreases with an increase in undrained cohesion of the soil with depth.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 2004

This paper proposes a seamless handoff scheme that enables a mobile node to continue a session when moving to an overlapping area. During handoff due to the weakness of signaling, mobile node makes new Care-of Addresses using signals received from access router when MN reaches the edge of its area in addition to its current CoA, and it sends temporary binding update messages to Mobility Anchor Point which manage the area covering MN. MAP receives that binding update messages from MN, and temporarily stores new binding informations from them to its binding cache besides existing binding information for MN. This scheme ensures a seamlessly handoff using multicasting until MN enter a new access router area and sends a confirmed binding update message to MAP.