• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

Objectives: The incidence and patterns of mandibular fractures vary by country and population age. This retrospective study evaluated the etiologies and patterns of mandibular fractures in children. Materials and Methods: The clinical records of 89 children (45 males and 44 females) aged 0 to 12 years who presented with mandibular fractures from July 2012 to June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The sex, patient age, site of fracture, etiology of trauma, and monthly variations of the fractures were recorded. Descriptive statistics, the z-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis and the P-value was set at <0.05. Results: Eighty-nine children (male-to-female ratio 1.02:1) sustained 131 mandibular fractures. Within the study sample, the 6 to 9 year age group most frequently experienced fractures (47.3%). Falls and road traffic accidents (RTA) were the two most common etiological factors that accounted for 44.9% and 24.7% of cases. The condylar fracture was the most common anatomical location (38.9%) followed by the angle (20.6%), parasymphysis (18.3%), body (15.3%), and symphysis (5.3%). A single fracture (51.7%) was more common than multiple fractures (48.3%). The month-wise distribution of mandibular fractures was fairly constant. Conclusion: The condylar region was the most common anatomic site for fractures; in addition, a fall and RTA were the major etiological factors for mandibular fractures. A single fracture was observed in 51.7% of patients while multiple fracture lines accounted for 48.3% of cases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.514-522
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• 2022

Objective : A distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is important. However, delivering a large bore aspiration catheter is difficult to a tortuous or atherosclerotic artery. We report the experience of anchoring with balloon guide catheter (BGC) and stent retriever to facilitate the passage of an aspiration catheter in MT. Methods : When navigating an aspiration catheter failed with a conventional co-axial microcatheter delivery, an anchoring technique was used. Two types of anchoring technique were applied to facilitate distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during MT. First, a passage of aspiration catheter was attempted with a proximal BGC anchoring technique. If this technique also failed, another anchoring technique with distal stent retriever was tried. Consecutive patients who underwent MT with an anchoring technique were identified. Details of procedure, radiologic outcomes, and safety variables were evaluated. Results : A total of 67 patients underwent MT with an anchoring technique. Initial trial of aspiration catheter passage with proximal BGC anchoring technique was successful for 35 patients (52.2%) and the second trial with distal stent retriever anchoring was successful for 32 patients (47.8%). Overall, navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter was successful for all patients (100%) without any procedure related complications. Conclusion : Our study showed the usefulness of anchoring technique with proximal BGC and distal stent retriever during MT, especially in those with an unfavorable anatomical structure. This technique could be an alternative option for delivering an of aspiration catheter to a distal location.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.214-217
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• 2023

Objectives: This case series aims to introduce the nasal floor approach for extracting inverted mesiodens. Materials and Methods: Through a retrospective chart review between January 2022 and February 2023, we included the mesiodens patients using nasal floor approach, and analysis the location of mesiodens from the anterior nasal spine (ANS), total operation time, and complications. Results: Each mesiodens was located 10 to 12 mm from the ANS and was covered with a cortical layer of the nasal floor. All mesiodens were successfully extracted without exposing the adjacent incisors or nasopalatine nerve within 30 minutes from draping to postoperative dressing. Conclusion: The nasal floor approach is an efficient extraction method that reduces bone removal and prevents anatomical damage while removing the mesiodens just below the nasal floor bone.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2023

The anterior interosseous artery (AIA) perforator flap is not commonly used in hand dorsum reconstruction compared with alternatives. However, it is a versatile flap with several advantages. Literature on the AIA perforator flap is based on the dorsal septocutaneous branch (DSB), which branches from the AIA and passes through fascia between the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and extensor pollicis brevis muscles. In the described case, the authors reconstructed a hand dorsum defect in a 78-year-old man using an AIA perforator flap with double perforators supplied by the DSB and a new perforator branching from the distal than DSB. No complication was encountered, and the flap survived completely. A retrospective computed tomography review revealed the presence of the new perforator in 14 of 21 patients. Two types of new perforator were observed. One passed through the ulnar side of the extensor indicis proprius (EIP) muscle and penetrated fascia between the extensor digitorum minimi and extensor digitorum communis tendons, whereas the other passed between the EPL and EIP muscles. This report describes the anatomical location and clinical application of the new AIA perforators. The double perforators-based AIA flap provides a straightforward, reliable means of reconstructing hand dorsum defects.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2023

This study introduces a smart wrist band system with pressure measurements using wrist skin curvature variation due to finger motion. It is easy to wear and take off without pre-adaptation or surgery to use. By analyzing the depth variation of wrist skin curvature during each finger motion, we elaborated the most suitable location of each Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) to be attached in the wristband with anatomical consideration. A 3D depth camera was used to investigate distinctive wrist locations, responsible for the anatomically de-coupled thumb, index, and middle finger, where the variations of wrist skin curvature appear independently. Then sensors within the wristband were attached correspondingly to measure the pressure change of those points and eventually the finger motion. The smart wrist band was validated for its practicality through two demonstrative applications, i.e., one for a real-time control of prosthetic robot hands and the other for natural human-computer interfacing. And hopefully other futuristic human-related applications would be benefited from the proposed smart wrist band system.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2024

Gastric cancer has been consistently decreasing worldwide, whereas cardia gastric cancer is on the rise. This indicates that the exposure rates to epidemiological causes are changing. In this study, we aim to review the risk factors for gastric cancer with respect to cardia and non-cardia types. One of the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori infection is known as a risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer, and there have been results indicating that H. pylori infection is not associated with cardia gastric cancer. However, in the East Asian region, there is epidemiological evidence suggesting that H. pylori infection might be a risk factor for cardia gastric cancer. Smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors for gastric cancer, regardless of anatomical location. Obesity is considered a factor in the development of cardia gastric cancer. However, further research is needed to understand the specific relationship with non-cardia gastric cancer. The consumption of high-salt and processed meat is more distinctly associated with noncardia gastric cancer than in cardia gastric cancer. In addition to these factors, exposure to chemicals and radiation are considered risk factors for gastric cancer. Primary prevention of gastric cancer involves eliminating or avoiding risk factors such as H. pylori eradication and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and having a low-salt diet.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2010

Purpose: The SPECT/CT is able to acquire diagnostic information resolved the difficult problems that discriminate regions of focals by intergrating functional images and anatomical images. We introduce the usefulness of "Volumetrix Suite" which can describe 3D images by the convergence of the SPECT/CT images and reference CT images. Materials and Methods: We applied Volumetrix Suite program (Volumetrix IR, Volumetrix 3D) to patients, Bone, Venography, Parathyroid, WBC, taken diagnostic CT examination which have same regions of focal in Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center. After acquiring SPECT/CT images and reference CT images, we fused a couple of scans applying for this programs. The CT scan of Infinia Hawkeye 4 shows limitation of anatomical information. For this reason, we tried to transfer CT images that have lots of diagnostic informations as the form of Dicom file in PACS, and changed from 2D images to 3D images after image registering in Xeleris Workstaion of Hawkeye 4. Results & Conclusion: By using Volumetrix Suite program, we're able to acquire more accurate anatomical informations with 3D rendering which can distinguish both location and range of focals in Infinia Hawkeye 4. Thus, the result of utilizing this program indicate that nuclear medicine anatomical images can be improved by providing more diagnostic imformations produced by its program.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, location and morphology of antral septa using radiographic exam.(Panorama, CT) in the dentate/non-atrophic and edentulous/atrophic maxillary segments. Material & methods: 232 sinuses were subdivided into two groups(group1 : 175 sinuses were classified as complete & partial dentate maxillary segments, group2 : 57 sinuses were classified as complete edentulous maxillary segments) and were investigated for the incidence, location and morphology of maxillary sinus septa. Results: A total of 80 septa were observed in 232 maxillary sinuses, which corresponded to 30.65% of the sinuses(71 of 232). 67.5% of the total septa was observed in the complete & partial dentate groups, but 32.5% of the total septa was observed in the complete edentulous group. Upon analysis of the anatomical location of the septa, it was seen that 14 septa(17.5%) were located in the P1 area, 15 septa(18.7%) were located in the P2 area, 19 septa(23.8%) were located in the M1 area and 32 septa(40%) were located in the M2 area & dista area of M2. we found 45 septa in the apical lesion of teeth, Group 1. However the remaining 9 septa were found in the edentulous area. Conclusion: CT is a better method than panoramic radiography for detecting the presence of the maxillary sinus septa. Maxillary sinus septa are more commonly detected in complete edentulous maxillary segments than in complete & partial dentate maxillary segments. Also maxillary sinus septa are more commonly detected posteriorly than anteriorly.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2010

Purpose: To analyse the risk factors for recurrence of hemangiomas in extremities after surgical treatment and to compare with those of trunk. Materials and Methods: 120 cases of hemangioma with surgical treatments from June 1998 to September 2009 were analysed. 53 cases with surgical treatment on trunk in the same period were set to be the control group. We analyze several factors: age, location, site, size, histologic types and correlation between recurrence and each risk factor using logistic regression analysis. Results: Recurrence rate was 11.7% in extremities and 9.4% in trunk. There were no correlation between recurrence and age, site, size, histologic type. But, there was stastically significant correlation between recurrence rate and location, especially hand, forearm, feet in extremities and head and neck in trunk. Conclusion: Recurrence after surgical treatment of hemangioma is highly prevalent in anatomical location such as, hand, foot and forearm those are difficult to achieve complete resection because of close to neurovascular structures. Careful observation should be needed owing to incomplete resection can occurs recurrence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.5-11
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• 2009

When using Image Guided Radiation Therapy, the patient is placed using skin marker first and after confirming anatomical location using OBI, the couch is moved to correct the set up. Evaluation for the error made at that moment was done. Through comparing $0^{\circ}$ and $270^{\circ}$ direction DRR image and OBI image with 2D-2D matching when therapy planning, comparison between patient's therapy plan setup and actual treatment setup was made to observe the error. Treatment confirmation on important organs such as head, neck and spinal cord was done every time through OBI setup and other organs such as chest, abdomen and pelvis was done 2 ~ 3 times a week. But corrections were all recorded on OIS so that evaluation on accuracy could be made through using skin index which was divided into head, neck, chest and abdomen-pelvis on 160 patients. Average setup error for head and neck patient on each AP, SI, RL direction was $0.2{\pm}0.2cm$, $-0.1{\pm}0.1cm$, $-0.2{\pm}0.0cm$, chest patient was $-0.5{\pm}0.1cm$, $0.3{\pm}0.3cm$, $0.4{\pm}0.2cm$, and abdomen was $0.4{\pm}0.4cm$, $-0.5{\pm}0.1cm$, $-0.4{\pm}0.1cm$. In case of pelvis, it was $0.5{\pm}0.3cm$, $0.8{\pm}0.4cm$, $-0.3{\pm}0.2cm$. In rigid body parts such as head and neck showed lesser setup error compared to chest and abdomen. Error was greater on chest in horizontal axis and in AP direction, abdomen-pelvis showed greater error. Error was greater on chest in horizontal axis because of the curve in patient's body when the setup is made. Error was greater on abdomen in AP direction because of the change in front and back location due to breathing of patient. There was no systematic error on patient setup system. Since OBI confirms the anatomical location, when focus is located on the skin, it is more precise to use skin marker to setup. When compared with 3D-3D conformation, although 2D-2D conformation can't find out the rolling error, it has lesser radiation exposure and shorter setup confirmation time. Therefore, on actual clinic, 2D-2D conformation is more appropriate.