• 재활치료과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.5-48
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• 2014

서론: 작업치료에서는 수행기술을 매우 중요하며, 이런 수행기술에는 감각 인지 기술, 운동실행 기술, 감정 조절기술, 인지기술, 소통 사회 기술 등이 있다. 모든 수행기술은 통합된 신경처리를 통해 이루어진다. 본론: 입체해석학(stereology)란 신경세포, 대뇌 겉질, 기능과 관련되어 뇌의 특정 영역의 형태 변화를 알아 낼 수 있는 과학적 방법이다. 입체해석학은 평면으로 잘려진 생물학적 샘플을 확률이론과 과학적 추출방법을 사용하여 3 차원적으로 분석하는 다학문분야이다. 편견 없는 입체해석학적 방법은 확률이론을 바탕으로하며, 생물학적 영역의 해부학적 형태적 변화를 예측할 수 있다. 부피, 숫자, 길이와 같은 세포구조적변화는 뇌의 기능에 영향을 미치게 된다. 작업치료사들은 신경계환자들의 뇌 기능을 향상시켜 참여를 증진하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 뇌기능 장애 환자들에게 있어 기능적 증진은 뇌의 변화를 의미한다. 그러므로 신경학적 변화와 기능적 증진에 대한 두 가지 증거는 신경계 환자들의 작업치료에 매우 중요한 기초적 치료 근거가 된다. 비록 입체해석학 자체가 실험이나 인체 사후 검사에 많이 쓰일지라도 입체해석학은 신경계 환자들의 작업치료에 근본적 지식들 제공한다. 결론: 그러므로 입체해석학은 신경과학의 지식들을 경험의존가소성과 수행기술에 대한 뇌의 구조-기능관계를 바탕으로 작업치료에 전달해 준다고 볼 수 있다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2000

Our anatomical and behavioral studies of embryonic rats that developed in microgravity suggest that the vestibular sensory system, like the visual system, has genetically mediated precesses of development that establish crude connections between the periphery and the brain. Environmental stimuli also regulate connection formation including terminal branch formation and fine-tuning of synaptic contacts. Axons of vestibular sensory neurons from grabistatic as well as linear acceleration receptors reach their targets in both microgravity and norm81 gravity, suggesting that this is a genetically regulated component of development. However, microgravity exposure delays the development of terminal branches and synapses in gravistatic but not linear acceleration-sensitive neurons and also produces behavioral changes. These latter changes reflect environmentally controlled processes of development.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2021

Increasing the vertical dimesion affects not only functional problems but also the facial appearance. In particular, when restoring the reduced vertical dimension, it is important to evaluate facial appearance because the change affects the patient's aesthetics. Cephalometric radiographs can predict changes in the facial appearance through skeletal and vertical classifications using anatomical indicators, and the changes before and after treatment can be easily observed, which could serve as good data in evaluating treatment success. In this study, comparative evaluation was performed through cephalometric radiography, and the aesthetic and functional improvement was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2012

유기용매 전처리에 의한 목재 횡단면의 흡음성능과 구조적 특징의 변화를 관찰하고자 낙엽송과 백합나무로부터 원반형 시험편을 채취하였다. 탈 섬유소처리를 한 후 처리목재의 구조적 특징 변화를 관찰하고, 전달함수법을 이용하여 섬유방향 흡음율을 측정하여 이를 무처리 시의 결과와 비교하였다. 측정주파수범위(50~6,400 Hz)에서 유기용매 전처리 시험편이 무처리 시험편보다 높은 흡음율을 나타내었으며, 특히 2~4 kHz의 주파수영역에서는 90% 정도 높은 흡음율을 나타내었다. $70{\sim}120^{\circ}C$에서 유기용매 전처리한 목재는 무처리 목재와 비교하여 1.0% 미만의 중량 감소율을 보였고, 현미경에 의해 해부학적 구조 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 측정주파수영역에서의 흡음율 증가는 유기용매 전처리에 의한 목재의 구조적 변화에 의한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2006

Unexpected postoperative changes, such as growth in rib hump and shoulder unbalance, have been occasionally reported after corrective surgery for scoliosis. However there has been neither experimental data fer explanation of these changes, nor the suggestion of optimal correction method. Therefore, the numerical study was designed to investigate the post-operative changes of vertebral rotation and rib cage deformation after the corrective surgery of scoliosis. A mathematical finite element model of normal spine including rib cage, sternum, both clavicles, and pelvis was developed with anatomical details. In this study, we also developed a special program which could convert a normal spine model to a desired scoliotic spine model automatically. A personalized skeletal deformity of scoliosis model was reconstructed with X-ray images of a scoliosis patient from the normal spine structures and rib cage model. The geometric mapping was performed by translating and rotating the spinal column with an amount analyzed from the digitized 12 built-in coordinate axes in each vertebral image. By utilizing this program, problems generated in mapping procedure such as facet joint overlapping, vertebral body deformity could be automatically resolved.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.133-135
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• 2008

Background and Objectives: The voice changes can occur in peritonsillar abscess and the labeling of this changes as a "muffled voice". The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in acoustic feature of voice before and after treatment in patients with peritonsillar abscess. Materials and Method: 12 patients with peritonsillar abscess were enrolled in the study. Acoustic analysis on sustained Korean vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/ were performed before and after treatment. Results: In patients with peritonsillar abscess, the first formant frequency (F1) and second formant frequency (F2) of /a/ were decreased. There was tendency of articulation of back-low vowel /a/ as back-high vowel /u/. F1 of /i/ and /u/ were increased, while F2 were decreased. There was tendency of articulation of front-high vowel /i/ as back-low vowel /a/. The third, forth, fifth formant frequency (F3, F4, F5) of /a/, /i/ and /u/ were decreased although statistically not significant. Conclusion: The anatomical and functional changes of oropharynx by peritonsillar abscess can cause changes in resonance and speech quality. We suggest that these changes could be the cause of 'muffled voice' in patients of peritonsillar abscess.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2014

Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are aquatic mammals that experienced drastic changes during the transition from terrestrial to aquatic environment. Morphological changes include streamlined body, alterations in the face, transformation of the forelimbs into flippers, disappearance of the hindlimbs and the acquisition of flukes on the tail. For a prolonged diving, cetaceans acquired hypoxia-resistance by developing various anatomical and physiological changes. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations are still limited. CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) is a transcriptional co-activator critical for embryonic development, growth control, metabolic homeostasis and responses to hypoxia. Natural selection analysis of five cetacean CREBBPs compared with those from 15 terrestrial relatives revealed strong purifying selection, supporting the importance of its role in mammals. However, prediction for amino acid changes that elicit functional difference of CREBBP identified three cetacean specific changes localized within a region required for interaction with SRCAP and in proximal regions to KIX domain of CREBBP. Mutations in CREBBP or SRCAP are known to cause craniofacial and skeletal defects in human, and KIX domain of CREBBP serves as a docking site for transcription factors including c-Myb, an essential regulator of haematopoiesis. In these respects, our study provides interesting insights into the functional adaptation of cetacean CREBBP for aquatic lifestyle.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Aging is related to anatomical and physiological changes in respiratory and phonation organs. These changes influence articulation which leads to inaccurate speech and slow articulatory diadochokinesis(DDK). DDK indicates the range, rate, regularity, accuracy, and agility of articulation that reflect motor speech function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rates and regularities of DDK in healthy Korean elderly through passive acoustic analysis (Praat). Thirty subjects between the ages of 65 and 94 participated in this study. Rate was observed for 5 seconds, while regularity was calculated based on the standard deviation on the following: 1) syllable duration of each task; 2) gap duration between syllables. Then, simple regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the effect of age on performance. The result showed that the slow rate was not a significant factor in terms of advancing age. Furthermore, regularity indicated a significant difference in the following: 1) /pʌ/, /kʌ/ and /pʌtʌkʌ/ in syllable duration; 2) /kʌ/ duration in the gap between syllables. In conclusion, articulatory coordination is reduced with the onset of aging. In particular, /kʌ/ would be a sensitive task for articulatory coordination.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

This study reflects the demand of content elements related to "Human Reproduction" in elementary school science curriculum, and verifies its effects by developing and applying sex education contents available to elementary science class. The developed contents is composed of three sections in reference to the contents guideline for teachers. The contents include anatomical knowledge related to human reproduction and reflect social and cultural context of sex ethics. The first section: "How was I born?", second section: "Amazing changes in my body" and third section: "Healthy body, healthy mind." In the result of analysis of changes in sex knowledge and attitude after applying the contents, it showed statistically significant differences between experimental and comparative class. Thus, the developed contents made positive influence on improvement in elementary students' knowledge and attitude of human reproduction. However, it showed little difference in the effects of sex education contents by the grade and gender. In conclusion, if the sex education contents developed through this study is actively applied, it is expected to provide the elementary students with knowledge of the anatomic difference between male and female, its social and cultural understanding and responsibility for sex ethics. In addition, it is considered to be used as effective education programs and materials in elementary school science curriculum.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

The elderly are at increased risk of developing dysphagia due to aging and illnesses. The aim of the current study was to analyze, via an acoustic study, the change in the voice quality of normal elderly people after a 3oz water-swallow test. Subjects included a group of 60 normal elderly people (age: $mean{\pm}SD=76.9{\pm}6.66$) and 60 healthy young adults (age: $mean{\pm}SD=25.1{\pm}2.36$). Every participant produced a five-second /a/ phonation pre- and post-swallowing, and the fractioned two-second sections were analyzed using the MDVP (multi dimensional voice program) analysis. The elderly group demonstrated a post-swallowing increase in the following related acoustic parameters: fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency variation, amplitude-variation, and noise in both two-second sections. However, the younger group showed an increase only in frequency related acoustic parameters (i.e., STD ) in the first two-second section. The significant changes in values in the post-swallowing parameters might indicate temporary irregularities in pitch and amplitude along with higher amounts of noise in the voice. The results could be attributed to water residues in the vocal fold and vocal tract, as well as a deterioration of the motor and sensory functions caused by anatomical and physiological changes that result from aging.