• 제목/요약/키워드: amylopectin structure

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쌀아밀로펙틴의 분자구조적 성질 (Molecular Structural Properties of Rice Amylopectins)

  • 김봉찬;안승요
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.34-38
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    • 1990
  • 일반계 품종인 천마벼, 다수계 품종인 용문벼와 인디카형인 마하트마등 세 품종의 쌀에서 아밀로펙틴을 분리하여 분자구조적 성질을 조사하였다. 천마벼, 용문벼, 마하트마의 고유점도는 각각 148.3 ml/g, 156.6 ml/g, 167.5 ml/g였고, ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit(%)는 54.6, 55.4, 52.9였다. 평균사슬길이(${\overline{CL}}$)와 안쪽사슬길이 (${\overline{ICL}}$)는 마하트마가 다른 품종보다 길었다. ${\beta}-amylase$에 의한 쌀아밀로펙틴의 가수분해물을 Sephadex G-50으로 겔 크로마토그래피를 했을 때, 동일한 두 개의 주요 peak(void volume과 ${\overline{DP}}$ 3)가 얻어졌으며, 각 품종에서 동일한 형태를 보였다. 이들 아밀로펙틴의 pullulanase에 의한 가수분해물은 Sephadex G-50으로 겔 크로마토 그래피를 했을 때, 세 개의 peak(void volume, ${\overline{DP}}$ 35-45, ${\overline{DP}}$ $10{\sim}20$)가 얻어졌고, 품종간에 유사한 형태를 보였으나 Peak의 면적과 사슬길이(${\overline{DP}}$)는 품종간에 차이가 있었다. 천마벼, 용문벼, 마하트마의 Peak II에 대한 Peak III의 면적비는 각각 3.9, 3.4, 3.3였다.

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Effects of harvesting times on pasting properties of starch in colored rices

  • Kim, Sang Kuk;Song, Young Un;Shin, Jong Hee;Kim, Se Jong
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.329-329
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    • 2017
  • The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different harvesting time on pasting properties of starch in three colored rices. Seven major parameters of starch pasting properties, peak viscosity (PKV), hot pasting viscosity (HPV), cool pasting viscosity (CPV), setback (CPV minus PKV), breakdown (PKV minus HPV), peak time, and pasting time were determined by Rapid Visco Analyzer. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity and peak time were influenced by different harvesting times. Pasting time was delayed slightly with prolonged harvesting time in all rice cultivars. Pasting temperature in each rice cultivar differed from each harvesting time, and pasting temperature of the two rice cultivars, Hongjinju and Joseongheugchal, showed the highest at the 40 days after heading and then it decreased at the final harvesting time. With the delay of the harvesting time, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity, setback value and pasting temperature did not exhibit a regular trend depending on their genetic characteristics. Branch chain length distribution of amylopectin was demonstrated a distinct difference among these colored rices. In changes of amylopectin branch chain-length distribution, the amylopectin structure of Hongjinju rice cultivar as affected by different harvesting time, the shortest chain length of amylopectin in rice starch harvested at 20 days after heading was characterized by the significant increase in A chains with $DP{\geq}12$ and remarked decrease in long chains $37{\leq}DP$ compared to that of 30, 40, and 50 days after heading. In particular, when harvesting time is delayed the distribution percentage of short chain (A chains with $DP{\geq}12$) was increased except for the rice which harvested 20 days after heading. The similar results were also observed in Sintoheugmi rice cultivar like that of Hongjinju rice cultivar. Otherwise, distribution percentage of the shortest chain length of amylopectin in rice starch harvested at 20 days after heading was characterized by the significant decrease in A chains with $DP{\geq}12$ and remarked increase in B chains $13{\leq}DP{\geq}24$ compared to that of 30, 40, and 50 days after heading.

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쌀 배유전분구조 및 물리적 특성의 품종 변이 (Varietal Variation in Structure and Physical Characteristics of Rice Endosperm Strach)

  • 강미영;최해춘
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.513-523
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    • 1993
  • 쌀의 이용성 증진과 쌀 가공적성 육종을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 쌀의 아밀로스함량 및 호화특성이 크게 다른 벼 24품종에 대한 쌀 배유전분의 구조 및 물성의 차이를 비교 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 쌀 전분-요-드 정색반응의 최대흡수파장이 찰은 520nm, 메는 560nm~600nm까지로서 이밀로스 함량이 높은 품종일수록 길어지는 경향이 있었고 비슷한 아밀로스함량 수준에서도 품종에 따라 최대흡수파장에 다소 차이가 있었다.2. 쌀 품종별 전본의 글루코오스쇄장분포 비교에 의하면 Fr. I에서 가장 큰 품종간 차이를 나타내었고 다음으로 중간분획(Int. Fr).과 Fr. III/Fr. II율에서 품종간 차이가 크게 나타났으며, 특히 아밀로펙틴의 미세구조를 나타내는 Fr.III/Fr. II율은 찹쌀이 멥쌀보다 높은 경향이었으나 멥쌀간에는 아밀로스함량과는 관계없이 품종간 차이를 나타내었다. 3. 알칼리 붕괴도가 낮은 품종일수록 전분입자의 50% 산 가수분해 소요시간이 길었으며, 호응집성이 경질인 품종과 연질이 품종들 모두에서 50% 산 가수분해 소요시간에 품종간 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 호응집성이 경질인 품종일수록 Fr. III의 분포가 낮고 Fr. I의 분포 및 아밀로스 함량은 높은 경향이었다. 4. 쌀의 전분구조 및 특성과 쌀의 이화학적특성에 따라 주성분분석에 의하여 공시품종들을 6개군으로 분류할 수 있었는데 이는 주로 아밀로스관련 성분과 아밀로펙틴 구조성분에 따라 군집화 되었다.

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찹쌀 전분의 미세구조 및 이화학적 특성 비교 (The Fine Structure of Amylopectin and Physicochemical Properties of Starch Granules from Endosperm Varieties in Glutinous Rice)

  • 성유미;남석현;강미영
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 2000
  • 찹쌀 14 품종의 전분 미세구조는 효소처리에 의해서 debranching시킨 전분의 glucose chain length 분포 비교에 의해서 수행되었고, 찹쌀 품종별로 미세구조상에 차이가 있었다. 짧은 쇄장을 다량 함유하고 있는 찰품종은 병곡이었으며, 상대적으로 긴 쇄장을 다량 함유하고 있는 품종은 TP2579Al이었다. 15% $H_2SO_4$에 대한 가수분해도는 샤레벼-152-1-B가 가장 높았으며, 산동 47이 가장 낮았다. X선 회절도는 14 품종 찹쌀 모두 전형적인 A형이었다. Glucoamylase에 의한 가수분해도의 양상은 품종에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 거창 1 및 병곡은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 작용시킴에 의해 100% 가수분해 되었다.

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열수 불용성 쌀 전분의 구조적 성질 (Structure and Properties of Hot-Water Insoluble Rice Starch)

  • 강길진;김관;김성곤
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.631-634
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    • 1995
  • 계통이 다른 쌀 전분(일반계 3품종, 통일계 3품종)에서 열수 불용성 전분을 분리하고 그 전분의 구조적 성질을 조사하였다. 열수 불용성 전분의 아빌로오스 함량은 $2.7{\sim}6.1%$였다. 열수 불용성 전분의 사슬 분포는 ${\overline{DP}}\;55$ 이상의 부분이 $31.9{\sim}38.7%$, ${\overline{DP}}\;40{\sim}55$ 부분이 $12.3{\sim}18.0%$ 그리고 ${\overline{DP}}\;10{\sim}20$ 부분이 $48.5{\sim}50.4%$로서 각 품종별로 차이를 보였으며, ${\beta}$-한계 덱스트린의 분자 크기도 품종에 따라 차이를 보였다. 쌀의 열수 불용성 아밀로펙틴 분자 구조는 쌀 아밀로펙틴의 것과는 서로 달랐다. 이러한 결과는 쌀 전번의 열수 불용화는 각 품종에 따라 그 특성을 보이고, 아밀로펙틴의 분자 구조에 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

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Varietal Variations in Physicochemical Characteristics and Amylopectin Structure of Grain in Glutinous Rice

  • Choi, Hae-Chune;Hong, Ha-Cheol;Kim, Yeon-Gyu;Nahm, Baek-Hie
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.207-213
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    • 1999
  • Thirty-eight glutinous rice varieties were classified into nine groups on the scatter diagram by the upper two principal components (56% contribution to the total information) based on eleven physicochemical characteristics including the viscograms and physical properties of cooked rice. The first principal component was the factor mainly associated with the viscogram characteristics of rice flour emulsion and the second was the factor chiefly related to the physical properties of cooked rice and water absorbability of rice grain. Indica glutinous rices were clearly distinguished from japonica ones by the first principal component score. Javanica glutinous rices were widely distributed on the intermediate zone between indica and japonica or on several japonica rice groups. Significant positive or negative correlations were found among water absorption rates of rice grain, physical properties of cooked rice, and viscogram characteristics of rice flour. Especially in japonica glutinous rices, the breakdown and setback viscosities of rice flour were closely associated with the alkali digestion value of milled rice and the stickiness of cooked rice. The frequency ratio of short glucose chains (A-chain) to intermediate glucose chains (B-chain), the ratio of B- chains to long glucose chains (C-chain) and the relative frequency of A- or B-chain fractions representing the amylopection structure of rice starch was closely associated with the breakdown and setback viscosities of rice flour.

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Evolutionary Analyses of SSII-1 Gene Provides Insight into Its Domestication Signatures in Collected Rice Accessions

  • Thant Zin Maung;Yong-Jin Park
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.215-215
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    • 2022
  • Starch synthase proteins (SSI, SSII and SSIII) in rice are mainly involved in amylopectin synthesis mediating its chain elongation, and the functional loss of SSII can increase amylose accumulation through decreasing of amylopectin chain proportions. For purposes of identifying functional haplotypes and evolutionary analyses of this gene, SSII-1, we investigated 374 rice accessions belonging to different subgroups of origins. We subsequently performed bioinformatic analyses on their variations through haplotyping, resequencing and structuring based on different classified populations. Haplotyping of cultivated rice accessions using genetic variations within SSII-1 genomic region of chromosome 10 revealed a total of 8 haplotypes, representing 6 functional haplotypes by 4 non-synonymous SNPs of three different exons (1, 4 and 10), which effect on protein structure. Higher nucleotide diversity value was found in wild group (0.0055) compared to any of cultivated subpopulations, of which aus showed the most reduction of diversity value (0.0003). Tajima's D analysis exhibits the most Tajima's D value only in admixture group (0.3600) which appears to be the cause of a sudden population contraction by rare alleles scarcity. A clear separation of some wild accessions from the admixed cultivated subpopulations was observed in PCA and phylogenetic analysis. Similar admixed pattern of population structure was estimated with an increased K values of 2 to 8 where genetic components of almost all cultivated subpopulations were shared with the wild which can also be subsequently estimated by very low FST-values by -0.011 (wild-aromatic) and -0.003 (wild-admixture).

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Functional Haplotypes and Evolutionary Analyses of SBE1 in Collected Rice Germplasm

  • Thant Zin Maung;Yong-Jin Park
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.216-216
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    • 2022
  • The starch-branching enzymes (BEs) are responsible for synthesizing the amylopectin, which plays an important role in determining the structural and physical properties of starch granules. BE has two differently functioning isoforms (BEI and BEIIa/b) based on their difference in the chain-length pattern by the degree of polymerization (DP), which mainly contributes to the amylopectin chain length distribution in starch biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated functional haplotypes and evolutionary analyses of SBE1 in 374 rice accessions (320 Korean bred and 54 wild). The analyses were performed based on the classified subpopulations. Haplotype analysis generates a total of 8 haplotypes, of which only four haplotypes were functional carrying four functional SNPs in four different exons of SBE1 on chromosome 6. Nucleotide diversity analysis showed a highest pi-value in aromatic group (0.0029), while the lowest diversity value was in temperate japonica (0.0002), indicating the signal of this gene evolution origin. Different directional selections could be estimated by negative Tajima's D value of temperate japonica (-1.1285) and positive Tajima's D value of tropical japonica (0.9456), where the selective sweeps were undergone by both positive purifying and balancing selections. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a closer relationship of the wild with most of the cultivated subgroups indicating a common ancestor for SBE1 gene. FST-values indicate distant genetic relationships of temperate japonica from all other classified groups. PCA and population structure analysis show an admixed structure of wild and cultivated subpopulations in some proportions.

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쌀의 알칼리붕괴도와 아밀로펙틴 미세구조 및 호화 물성과의 관계 (Relationship Among Alkali Digestive Value, Amylopectin Fine Structure and Physical Properties of Cooked Rice)

  • 송진;이춘기;윤종탁;김선림;김덕수;김재현;정응기;서세정
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제53권3호
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    • pp.320-325
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 알카리붕괴도가 다른 황금누리벼, 일품벼, 상주벼, 태봉벼, 남평벼, 다산벼의 일반미 6품종의 아밀로펙틴 구조와 밥의 호화물성을 조사 하여 상관관계를 조사한 결과이다. 1. 6품종 쌀의 알칼리붕괴도는 황금누리벼의 7.0부터 다산벼의 5.0까지 고르게 분포하였다. 아밀로펙틴 구조 분석결과 시료는 모두 중합도 12에서 최고 분포를 갖는 등 비슷한 유형을 나타냈으며 알칼리붕괴도가 높은 품종은 중합도 15까지 짧은 사슬의 함량이 다른 품종에 비해 많이 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 호화된 밥의 표면 경도는 다산벼, 일품벼, 황금누리벼의 순으로 컸으며 끈기는 일품벼가 가장 높게 나타났다. 밥의 전체 경도는 다산벼가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고 다음으로 황금누리벼, 일품벼의 순으로 경도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다.