• 제목/요약/키워드: amplitude reduction factor

검색결과 23건 처리시간 0.023초

운동방정식에 기초한 공진주 실험의 자료분석 및 해석 (Data Reduction and Analysis of the Resonant Column Testing Based on the Equation of Motion)

  • 조성호;강태호
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 2003
  • 공진주 실험은 흙의 전단탄성계수, 재료감쇠비 등을 결정하는 실험으로, 최근 내진해석의 중요성과 더불어 그 사용빈도와 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 공진주 실험은 1960년 이후 널리 활용되어 왔으나, 현재까지의 공진주 실험은 측정장비의 제한성 때문에, 주로 선형스펙트럼 (linear spectrum)의 진폭성분만을 측정하여 왔다. 이는 공진주 실험 시스템의 동적거동을 규명하는 이론에 있어서도 시료의 점성이 고려되지 않았던 것과 동적거동에 대한 이해가 부족했기 때문이기도하다. 최근 조성호 등은 이러한 한계성을 극복할 수 있는 이론적 근거를 제시하였다. 즉, 공진주 실험 시스템의 동적거동에 대한 운동방정식과 그 일반해를 제시함으로써, 이론에 부합하는 공진주 실험의 자료분석 및 해석기법의 기초를 정립하였다. 본 연구에서는 발전된 계측장비와 공진주 실험 시스템의 동적거동에 대한 이론적 모델링을 이용하여 신뢰도가 향상된 공진주 실험의 자료분석 및 해석기법을 제안하였다. 그리고, 유한요소해석에 의한 공진주 실험의 수치실험을 통하여 본 연구에서 제안한 해석기법의 신뢰성과 타당성을 확인하였다. 또한, 주문진 표준사에 대한 공진주 실험을 통하여, 본 연구에서 제안한 자료분석 및 해석방법의 적용성을 확인하였으며, 기존 해석방법과의 비교를 통하여 기존 방법의 한계성과 문제점을 살펴보았다.

The Effect of Application Parameter of Pulsed Direct Current on Wound Healing of Patients with Pressure Ulcer

  • Kim, Ga Yeong;Lee, Sang Bin;Moon, Ok Kon;Kim, Ji Sung;Choi, Jung Hyun;Wang, Jung San;Park, Joo Hyun;Kim, Hong Rae;Lee, Ju Hwan;Min, Kyung Ok
    • 국제물리치료학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.752-756
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    • 2014
  • This study investigated the effects of changes to the pulsation factor of pulsed direct currents on wound healing. Patients with a pressure ulcer at a care hospital for the elderly were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 involved the application of $100{\mu}s$ in pulse duration, 10 ms in pulse period, 100 pps in a pulsation factor, 15 mA in pulse amplitude, and polarity red+ by using pulsed direct currents; Group 2 involved a change of pulse period to 8 ms; and Group 3 received general wound management. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the changing stages of pressure ulcers among the groups, all the groups dropped in numerical stages. In the two groups to which pulsed direct currents were applied, there was a statistically significant reduction in the stages of pressure ulcers from the initial assessment to the 12-week assessment (p<.05). Even though there were no statistically significant differences in changes to the area of pressure ulcers among the groups, a statistically significant decrease was found in pulsed direct current group 2 whose pulse period was shortened (p<.05). There was no difference in the healing rate of pressure ulcers among the groups, but it made a numerical increase in pulsed direct current group 1 and group 2 and a numerical decrease in group 3. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of those who had a full recovery among the groups. Those findings indicate that pulsed direct currents have positive effects on the wound healing of patients with a pressure ulcer and that a treatment with pulsed direct currents whose pulsation factor is raised by reducing the pulse duration is especially effective.

Ultra-low cycle fatigue tests of Class 1 H-shaped steel beams under cyclic pure bending

  • Zhao, Xianzhong;Tian, Yafeng;Jia, Liang-Jiu;Zhang, Tao
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.439-452
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    • 2018
  • This paper presents experimental and numerical study on buckling behaviors and hysteretic performance of Class 1 H-shaped steel beam subjected to cyclic pure bending within the scope of ultra-low cycle fatigue (ULCF). A loading device was designed to achieve the pure bending loading condition and 4 H-shaped specimens with a small width-to-thickness ratio were tested under 4 different loading histories. The emphasis of this work is on the impacts induced by local buckling and subsequent ductile fracture. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the specimen failure is mainly induced by elasto-plastic local buckling, and is closely correlated with the plastic straining history. Compared with monotonic loading, the elasto-plastic local buckling can occur at a much smaller displacement amplitude due to a number of preceding plastic reversals with relative small strain amplitudes, which is mainly correlated with decreasing tangent modulus of the material under cyclic straining. Ductile fracture is found to be a secondary factor leading to deterioration of the load-carrying capacity. In addition, a new ULCF life evaluation method is proposed for the specimens using the concept of energy decomposition, where the cumulative plastic energy is classified into two categories as isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening correlated. A linear correlation between the two energies is found and formulated, which compares well with the experimental results.

동축공기 수소확산화염에서 화염-와류 상호작용 및 혼합 (Flame-Vortex Interaction and Mixing in Turbulent Hydrogen Diffusion Flames with Coaxial Air)

  • 김문기;오정석;최영일;윤영빈
    • 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국가시화정보학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 2007
  • This study examines the effect of acoustic excitation using forced coaxial air on the flame characteristics of turbulent hydrogen nonpremixed flames. A resonance frequency was selected to acoustically excite the coaxial air jet due to its ability to effectively amplify the acoustic amplitude and reduce flame length and NOx emissions. Acoustic excitation causes the flame length to decrease by 15 % and consequently, a 25 % reduction in EINOx is achieved, compared to a flame without acoustic excitation. Moreover, acoustic excitation induces periodical fluctuation of the coaxial air velocity, thus resulting in slight fluctuation of the fuel velocity. From phase-lock PIV and OH PLIF measurement, the local flow properties at the flame surface were investigated under acoustic forcing. During flame-vortex interaction in the near field region, the entrainment velocity and the flame surface area increased locally near the vortex. This increase in flame surface area and entrainment velocity is believed to be a crucial factor in reducing flame length and NOx emission in coaxial jet flames with acoustic excitation. Local flame extinction occurred frequently when subjected to an excessive strain rate, indicating that intense mass transfer of fuel and air occurs radially inward at the flame surface.

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인공신경망을 이용한 탄성파 잡음제거 (Minimisation Technique for Seismic Noise Using a Neural Network)

  • 황학수;이상규;이태섭;성낙훈
    • 지구물리와물리탐사
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.83-87
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    • 2000
  • 송신원의 파워 증가가 제한되고 인공잡음이 존재하는 지역에서 양질의 탄성파 자료를 획득하기 위하여 근/원기준점(reference)을 이용한 탄성파 잡음예측필터를 개발하였다. 잡음예측필터에 사용된 방법은 backpropagation 알고리즘을 이용한 3층의 인공신경망(neural network)으로서, 훈련자료(training data) 및 검증자료(testing data)에 훈련된 잡음예측필터를 적용시 신호대잡음비(signal-to-noise ration)를 약 3배 정도 증가시켰다. 그러나, 일반적으로 전기, 전자탐사 자료의 질을 향상하기 위해 사용되는 스케일링(scaling)기법으로는 전혀 탄성파의 잡음을 제거할 수 없었다.

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Seismic deformation behaviors of the soft clay after freezing-thawing

  • Zhen-Dong Cui;Meng-Hui Huang;Chen-Yu Hou;Li Yuan
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.303-316
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    • 2023
  • With the development and utilization of urban underground space, the artificial ground freezing technology has been widely used in the construction of underground engineering in soft soil areas. The mechanical properties of soft clay changed greatly after freezing and thawing, which affected the seismic performance of underground structures. In this paper, a series of triaxial tests were carried out to study the dynamic response of the freezing-thawing clay under the seismic load considering different dynamic stress amplitudes and different confining pressures. The reduction factor of dynamic shear stress was determined to correct the amplitude of the seismic load. The deformation development mode, the stress-strain relationship and the energy dissipation behavior of the soft clay under the seismic load were analyzed. An empirical model for predicting accumulative plastic strain was proposed and validated considering the loading times, the confining pressures and the dynamic stress amplitudes. The relevant research results can provide a theoretical reference to the seismic design of underground structures in soft clay areas.

Performance Analysis of Multicarrier Code Select CDMA System for PAPR Reduction in Multipath Channels

  • Ryu, Kwan-Woong;Jin, Jiyu;Park, Yong-Wan;Choi, Jeong-Hee
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2009
  • Multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC DS-CDMA) is an attractive technique for achieving high data rate transmission. This is valid regardless of whether or not the potentially large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is an important factor for its application. On the other hand, code select CDMA (CS-CDMA) is an attractive technique with constant amplitude transmission of multicode signal regardless of subchannels. This is achieved by introducing a code select method. In this paper, we propose a new multiple access scheme based on the combination of MC DS-CDMA and CS-CDMA. The proposed scheme, which we call MC CS-CDMA, includes as special cases the subclasses of MC DS-CDMA and CS-CDMA. This paper investigates the performance of these systems over a multipath frequency selective fading channel using a RAKE receiver with maximal ratio combiner. In addition, the PAPR of the proposed system is compared with that of both MC DS-CDMA and CS-CDMA. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system provides better PAPR reduction than MC DS-CDMA, at the expense of the complexity of the receiver and the number of available users. The numerical result demonstrates that the proposed system has better performance than MC DS-CDMA due to the increased processing gain and time diversity gain.

Feasibility study of the beating cancellation during the satellite vibration test

  • Bettacchioli, Alain
    • Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.225-237
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    • 2018
  • The difficulties of satellite vibration testing are due to the commonly expressed qualification requirements being incompatible with the limited performance of the entire controlled system (satellite + interface + shaker + controller). Two features cause the problem: firstly, the main satellite modes (i.e., the first structural mode and the high and low tank modes) are very weakly damped; secondly, the controller is just too basic to achieve the expected performance in such cases. The combination of these two issues results in oscillations around the notching levels and high amplitude beating immediately after the mode. The beating overshoots are a major risk source because they can result in the test being aborted if the qualification upper limit is exceeded. Although the abort is, in itself, a safety measure protecting the tested satellite, it increases the risk of structural fatigue, firstly because the abort threshold has been already reached, and secondly, because the test must restart at the same close-resonance frequency and remain there until the qualification level is reached and the sweep frequency can continue. The beat minimum relates only to small successive frequency ranges in which the qualification level is not reached. Although they are less problematic because they do not cause an inadvertent test shutdown, such situations inevitably result in waiver requests from the client. A controlled-system analysis indicates an operating principle that cannot provide sufficient stability: the drive calculation (which controls the process) simply multiplies the frequency reference (usually called cola) and a function of the following setpoint, the ratio between the amplitude already reached and the previous setpoint, and the compression factor. This function value changes at each cola interval, but it never takes into account the sensor signal phase. Because of these limitations, we firstly examined whether it was possible to empirically determine, using a series of tests with a very simple dummy, a controller setting process that significantly improves the results. As the attempt failed, we have performed simulations seeking an optimum adjustment by finding the Least Mean Square of the difference between the reference and response signal. The simulations showed a significant improvement during the notch beat and a small reduction in the beat amplitude. However, the small improvement in this process was not useful because it highlighted the need to change the reference at each cola interval, sometimes with instructions almost twice the qualification level. Another uncertainty regarding the consequences of such an approach involves the impact of differences between the estimated model (used in the simulation) and the actual system. As limitations in the current controller were identified in different approaches, we considered the feasibility of a new controller that takes into account an estimated single-input multi-output (SIMO) model. Its parameters were estimated from a very low-level throughput. Against this backdrop, we analyzed the feasibility of an LQG control in cancelling beating, and this article highlights the relevance of such an approach.

평행식 진동탄환 암거 천공기의 연구(III)-견인력, 토크, 동력 및 모멘크에 관한 모형시험- (A Study on Balanced -type Oseillating Mole-Drainer(III)-Model Test for Draft Force, Torque, Power and Moment)

  • 김용환
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1976
  • This paper is the third one of the study on balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, the first one was presented in No 9. Gyeongsang College Report and the second one in Vol. 17, No.4 of the KSAE. In the first part of this study, the characteristics of traction forces between the nonoscillating earth working equipments and oscillating ones was compared. A model of the balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, which composed of a mechanism that may reduce the machine vibration, was designed following the dimensional analysis and similitude technique. The model test was carried out to clarify the balancing mechanism of the oscillating parts and other parts of the machine. In the light of the results from the model tests, a prototype machine was made for experimental purpose. Results from the field test by a reported in the near future. In the second report, the model tests were carried out under the same soil conditions, i.e, . oscillating frequency, running velocity, and oscillating amplitude, etc. It was clear that use of balanced type oscillating model could substantially reduce the vibration of the whole system of the machine, when compared with the nonoscillating type model. In this paper(the third report), results of investigation on the traction force, power requirement, and moment. etc, is presented. Analysis of variance technique was used for analyzing the effect of the frequency, amplitude, and running velocity on the draft force, torque, power requirements, and moments. The results obtained from the model tests are as follows, 1) By practicing a balanced-type oscillating mole-drainer, it was possible to reduce the traction resistance by 55.1-61. 2 percent of traction resistance, however, was 1.75 - 1.95 times greater than the value of resistance which was induced by use of a mole-drainer with single bullet. The resistance of rear shank against soil was considered as a main causing factor of the above results. 2) As the oscillation frequency was increased, the traction resistance was decreased. Considering on the effect of oscillation the greater the amplitude, and the slower the running velocity was, the greater the reduction ratio of traction resistance was. 3) The ratio of the traction resistance of oscillating mole-drainer to that of non-oscillating one could be represented as a function of dimensionless variable (V/$Af$). The results from the tests were well agreed with the reported results from the experim ents on oscillation plow or hoe. 4) By taking a lower value of (V/$Af$), reducing the traction resistance was possible. This fact meant, however, that the efficiency of mole drain practice would be lower. 5) It was experimentally confirmed under the same condition of soil that the variable (R/$rD1^3$) could be represented as a function of a variable($V^2/gD$) when a non\ulcornerocillating mole-drainer was used. 6) When a oscillating mole-drainer was used, the variable(R/$rD_1^{3}$) could be represented as a function of two variables ($v^2/gD_1$) and (V^2/gD_1$). 7) The torque was not affected by a change of frequency. However, a relation of proportionality existed between torque and amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter. When a balanced type oscillating mole-drainer with two bullets was used, torque was increased by 52.8-78. 4 percent and total power requirement was also increased. 8) Total power requirement was increased linearly in accordance with the increasing frequency, 41.96 percent of total power was used for oscillating action. The magnitude of total power requirement was 1. 8-9. 4 times greater than that of a non-oscillating mechanism. In the view point of power requirement, it was not advisable to increase the frequency, amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter at the same time. 9) Only the positive moment occured in the rear shank. Change of the diameter of a rear bullet, could not affect the balancing against the soil resistance. It was necessary for rear bullet to have a large resistance against soil only when the rear bullet was in backward motion. 10) Within an extent of the experimental base, optimum limits for several design factors were A=0.5cm, $f$=22.5Hz, V=O. 05m/sec, and $\lambda$=1.0 By adapting these values traction resistance was reduced by 40 percent and vibration acceleration wa s reduced by 60 percent. Even though the total , power requirements for operating a balanced type oscillation mechanism was greater ~than that of non-oscillating one, using a oscillating mechanism would be more effective. Because a balanced type oscillating mechanism is used, tractive resistance will be reduced and then the lighter . tractive equipment could be used.

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${\Delta}J$-적분을 이용한 점탄성 재료의 피로균열 성장분석 (Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth in a Viscoelastic Material using ${\Delta}J$-integral)

  • 유성문;지광습;차우 딘 단;이현종;문성호
    • 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.483-491
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문에서는 점탄성 재료의 피로균열 성장을 분석하기 위해 ${\Delta}J$-적분을 이용하였다. J-적분의 계산 시 기존의 수치해석 방법이 아닌 해석적인 적분 해를 도출하여 계산시간을 절감하고 정확도를 크게 높였다. 계산 시 응력확대계수는 특정 균열에 대해 참조하는 방법이 아닌 유한요소해석을 통해 구하는 방법을 사용하였다. 기존의 ${\Delta}K$를 이용한 피로균열 예측과는 달리 크리프 변형계수, 단 두 개의 피로성장 모델 변수만을 가지고 다양한 하중과 하중주기에서의 피로균열 성장을 성공적으로 분석할 수 있었다.