• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 1994

시호(柴胡) 재배(栽培)에 있어서 기계(機械)를 이용(利用)하여 파종(播種) 및 수확(收穫)의 성력화(省力化)로 노동력(勞動力)과 생산비(生産費)를 절멸(節滅)하기 위해 본 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 시호(柴胡) 기멸파종(機滅播種)의 경운기(耕耘機) 부착(附着) 줄뿌림기 파종(播種)이 97%의 성력효과(省力效果)가 었었저만 출아율(出芽率)은 인력(人力) 줄뿌림기 파종(播種)이 가장 양호(良好)하였다. 2. 시호(柴胡) 기계파종(機械播種)시 경운기부착(耕耘機附着) 줄뿌림기 파종(播種)의 파종양(播種量) 시험(試驗)에서는 지하부(地下部) 생육(生育) 및 수양(收量)은 파종양(播種量)이 적을수록 1주당 근경(根莖), 건근중(乾根重)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이었으나 10a당 수양(收量)은 파종양(播種量)이 많을수록 입모솔(立毛率)이 증가(增加)하여 파종양(播種量) 1.0kg/10a의 휴립 파종에서 54.1kg /10a로 가장 많았고, 파종기별(播種機別)로는 입모수(立毛數)가 가장 많은 인력(人力) 줄뿌림기 이용(利用) 파종(播種)이 84.1kg /10a로 가장 많았다. 3. 시호(柴胡) 기계이용(機械利用) 수확(收穫)은 관행(慣行)에 비해 다목적(多目的) 근수확기(根收穫機) 이용(利用) 수확(收穫)이 69%의 성력효과(省力效果)로 가장 좋았으며 수확작업비(收穫作業費) 절감(節減)에 의한 소득효과(所得效果)도 관행(慣行)에 비해 50% 증가(增加)되어 가장 좋았다. 4. 시호(柴胡)의 인력(人力) 줄뿌림기 파종(播種)과 다목적(多目的) 근수확기수확(根收穫機收穫)의 성력효과(省力效果)는 관행파종(慣行播種)과 수확(收穫)에 비해 74%의 노력시간(勞力時間)을 절감(節減)하여 69%의 작업비(作業費)를 절감(節減)하였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 벼 재배에서 병해충방제의 목적으로 확대 보급되고 있는 농업용 무인헬기를 담수표면산파의 잡초방제에 활용 가능성을 검정하고자 수행하였다. 경엽처리 제초제(bentazone sodium + fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)의 처리농도는 벼 병해충방제에 적용하는 8배로 희석하여 처리한 결과 기준량 및 2배량 살포에서는 피해가 크지 않았으나, 3배량 이상 살포시 벼 생존율이 급격히 감소하였다. 벼 담수표면산파 포장에 발생한 주요 잡초는 피(Echinochloa crus-galli)를 포함한 일년생 6초종과 너도방동사니 등 다년생 2초종이었으며, 파종 후 25일에 무인헬기로 경엽처리 제초제 살포시 일년생 잡초에서 96.3%, 다년생 잡초 99.8%로 동력분무기를 이용한 관행방제와 유사한 방제가를 보였고, 약해 증상도 나타나지 않았다. 제초제 살포시기 설정을 위하여 파종 후 15일, 20일, 25일에 무인헬기로 살포한 결과 파종 후 15일에 방제가가 일년생 잡초 98.5%, 다년생 잡초 100%로 관행방제(1년생 97.3%, 다년생 99.6%)보다 높았고, 약해 증상도 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 농업용 무인헬기를 경엽처리 제초제 살포에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1987

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 대두(大豆)에 대한 질소(窒素)의 추비효과(追肥效果)를 구명(究明)하고자 1986년(年)에 장엽(長葉)콩을 공시(供試)하여 파종기(播種期)(단작(單作)- 5월(月) 15일(日) 파종(播種), 맥후작(麥後作)- 6월(月) 18일(日) 파종(播種))를 주구(主區), 추비량(追肥量)(0, 3, 6, 9 kg/10 a)을 세구(細區), 추비시기(追肥時期)(배토기(培土期), 개화기(開花期))를 세세구(細細區)로 하여 포장실험(圃場實驗)을 실시(實施)하였던 바 그 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화(開花) 및 성숙일수(成熟日數)는 배토기(培土期) 추비구(追肥區)가 개화기추비구(開花期追肥區)보다 1일간(日間) 지연(遲延) 되었다. 2. 주경절수(主莖節數)와 절간장(節間長)은 처리간(處理間)에 변이폭(變異幅)이 작고 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)이 나타나지 않아서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았으나 분지절수(分枝節數)는 맥후작(麥後作)에 비(比)하여 단작(單作)에서 많았으며 두 파종기(播種期) 공히 추비량(追肥量)이 증가할수록 개화기(開花期) 추비구(追肥區)에서 보다 배토기추비구(培土期追肥區)에서 그 경향(傾向)이 현저(顯著)하였는데 특히 10 a 당(當) 6 kg 추비구(追肥區)의 분지절수(分枝節數)가 가장 많아서 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 3. 개화(開花) 10, 25 및 40 일후(日後)의 지상부(地上部) 생체중(生體重)과 건물중(乾物重)은 두 파종기(播種期)에 관계(關係)없이 추비량(追肥量)이 많을수록 무거워서 높은 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 같은 파종기(播種期)에 있어서는 개화기(開花期) 추비구(追肥區)에서 보다 배토기(培土期) 추비구(追肥區)에서 그 경향(傾向)이 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 4. 근류수(根瘤數) 및 근류생(根瘤生) 건물중(乾物重)은 단작(單作)보다 맥후작(麥後作)에서 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)하였고 파종기(播種期)에 관계(關係)없이 무추비구(無追肥區)에 비(比)하여 질소추비량(窒素追肥量)이 많을수록 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었으며 개화기(開花期) 추비구(追肥區)보다 배토기(培土期) 추비구(追肥區)에서 그 감소(減少) 경향(傾向)이 더욱 현저(顯著)하여 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 5. 개체당(個體當) 내수(萊數), 입수(粒數) 및 자실중(子實重)은 맥후작(麥後作)보다 단작(單作)에서 많았고 질소(窒素) 추비량(追肥量)이 많을수록 현저(顯著)히 증가하는 경향(傾向)이었는데, 개화기(開花期) 추비구(追肥區)보다 배토기(培土期) 추비구(追肥區)에서 많았고 특히 배토기(培土期)의 10 a 당(當) 6 kg 추비구(追肥區)에서 가장 높았다. 또한 10 a 당(當) 수량(收量)도 처리간(處理間)에 높은 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 파종기(播種期)에 관계(關係)없이 배토기(培土期)의 10 a 당(當) 6 kg 추비구(追肥區)에서 가장 많았다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.482-488
• /
• 1996

비배유종자인 두류는 발아시 자엽내 전분 energy원이 어떻게 분해 전이되어 배아부로 공급되는가를 구명하고자 자엽에 당질이 많고 종자수명이 긴 강남콩을 공시하여 발아과정중 경시적으로 유식물체를 부위별로 절취하여 건물중과 당류의 경시적 소장 및 이동을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 강남콩 종자에서 자엽 부위의 수분 함율은 6.4 ∼6.5%이나 발아 기간중 ( 1∼8일) 흡수율은 45.8∼71.2%로 증가되며 자엽 하반부가 후엽 상반부보다 1.1∼3.8% 높았다. 자엽을 제외한 근부(유아 + 유근 + 유축부)의 조직 기관에서는 더욱 많은 72.2∼93.3%로 자엽조직보다 현저한 함수율을 보였다. 2. 발아중 강남콩 종자의 주요 당류는 raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose이며 경시적 당류 소장이 부위별로 현저한 차이를 보였다. 3. 종자가 파종 흡수되면 각 기관 조직에 raffinose가 급증하나 발아가 완료되면 유아부에서는 소진되고 자엽 하반부에서는 다소 잔존함을 알 수 있었다. 4. Sucrose는 발아초 신생 유아부와 종자의 자엽에 많이 생성되나 발아 후 유아부에서는 급감되고 자엽 조직에서는 계속 생성되어 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 5. Glucose와 fructose는 종자의 자엽부에서는 발아 기간중 5∼l0%와 5∼l5% 범위의 적은 변화였으나 유아 및 생장부위에서는 발아 초기부터 후기까지 현저히 계속 증가됨을 인정할 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 1999

Three kinds of soil surface applied herbicides and three kinds of foliage applied herbicides were used to study weed control effect, appropriate concentration, phyto-toxicity against trees and economical efficiency of weed control on trees, Pinus thunbergii, Picea abies, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Quercus accutissima, and Fraxinus rhynchopylla in a nursery. The results were obtained as follows; 1.The control effect of the soil surface applied herbicides showed that the three herbicides; Alachlor, Pendimenthalin and Simazine were alike in their holding effect of weed development, and the sensibility of weed spp. on the herbicides was different. The mean control effect was 58~89%. 2. The weed control effect of the foliage applied herbicides demonstrated that Paraquat dichloride was the best of 84~95% and followed by Glufosnate ammonium and Glyphosate. Especially when the half of its standard amount was treated, the effect of Paraquat dichloride was higher than the other herbicides. 3. Generally, the weed control effect became better as the concentration of the herbcide getting higher. As the concentration of the herbicide got higher, the restraining effect of weed development was continued for a long time in the soil surface applied herbicides, while the weed control effect appeared earlier in the foliage applied herbicides. 4. As the result of the soil surface treatments, 20% of short seedings of Fraxinus rhychopylla treated with twice amount of standard Alachlor died and the rest seeding showed low growth. In the other treatments, there was neither harmful effect of herbicides on the seedings nor growth decrease of them compared to those weeded by men. 5. When treated with foliage applied herbcides, leaves were partially of and discolorated in most treatments. About 0.4~6.2% of Fraxinus thynchopylla, which had short seedings died, and there was no difference in growth with the other treatments. 6. The herbicides showed better economical efficiency over 68% than weed control by men. Especially, Alachlaor of the soil surface applied herbicides showed the highest efficiency(77.6%), while Paraquat dichloride of the foliage applied herbicides was the best(70.3%)..

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.560-574
• /
• 1997

The present study was undertaken to investigate the crystal growth onto human enamel mineral and synthetic hydroxyapatite(HA) seeds in media resembling the enamel fluid composition. Effects of fluoride at high concentrations on the precipitation were also examined in a bench-top crystal growth model adopting a miniaturized reaction column. The Ca, P and F concentrations and pH values of the inlet and outlet solutions were determined. The recovered solid samples were weighed to assess the amount of minerals precipitated during the experimental period, and finally viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Remarkable findings were that 1) both biological and synthetic seeds with the same total surface areas yielded similar amounts of crystal growth, 2) the amount of crystal growth was accelerated in a manner depending on fluoride concentrations in the media, 3) SEM observations disclosed that without the addition of fluoride, precipitation of thin, plate-like OCP crystals became prominent, but by increasing the fluoride concentration(beyond 1ppm F), rod-like crystals having a pointed edge were most frequently observed, without any evidence for precipitation of the plate-like crystals. Furthermore, the dimension of rod-like crystals was increased in proportion to fluoride concentrations, 4) there was no difference in the morphological feature of precipitated mineral phase upon seeding between human enamel seed and synthetic HA seed. The overall results support the view that the seeded crystal growth model is of value to gain insight into the mechanism of enamel crystal growth under fluoride regimens.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2002

The composting practice has been recognized as the most popular way of controlling food waste and many attempt have been made in the field to establish more efficient and economical process. Some of the efforts are mixing cured compost with sawdust as alternative bulking agent, seeding commercially produced microorganism and/or combination of above. However, verification of such efforts is often restricted because of either the lack of engineering consideration on the limitation of composting facility scales. In this study, the effect of mixing materials in food waste composting was investigated by controlling the combination and the mixing ratio of them. When the cured compost was mixed with saw dust. the decomposition of organic material was proven to be more active by observing the compost temperature, the oxygen (O$_2$) consumption, and the cumulative carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) profile. However, the quantity of compost mix-ing seemed not to influence the reaction as long as the minimum required amount was mixed. The feeding of com-mercially produced microorganism had a tendency to prolong the thermophilic stage, which helped to increase the decomposition but it resulted in composting period. Regardless of the composting condition, bacteria and actinomycetes increased in population as the reaction approached to the end. The population of bacteria and actinomycetes were rel-atively higher than those of fungi and yeast throughout the reaction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.342-343
• /
• 2009

Paper factories use a large amount of water and same amount of wastewater is generated. It is important to purity and recycle the wastewater because of water shortages and water pollution. The existing water treatment facilities like precipitation process need large-scale equipment and wide space to purity the wastewater of paper factory. High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) system has the merits to purity rapidly because of large voids at filter and to occupy small space. In this paper, two types of superconducting magnets were used for HGMS systems. Cryo-cooled Bi-2223 superconducting magnet system with 70 mm room temperature bore and 200 mm of height was prepared. Cryo-cooled Nb-Ti superconducting magnet with 100 mm room temperature bore and 600 mm of height was used for magnetic separator. Magnetic filters were designed by the analysis of magnetic field distribution at superconducting magnets. The various magnetic seeding reactions were investigated to increase the reactivity of coagulation. The effects of magnetic separation of wastewater were investigated as variation of magnetic field strength and flow rate of wastewater.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.4-4
• /
• 2009

Paper factories use a large amount of water and same amount of wastewater is generated. It is important to recycle the wastewater because of water shortages and water pollution. The existing water treatment facilities like precipitation process need large-scale equipment and wide space to purify the wastewater of paper factory. High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) system has the merits to purify rapidly because of large voids at filter and to occupy small space. In this paper, two types of superconducting magnets were used for HGMS systems. Cryo-cooled Bi-2223 superconducting magnet system with 70 mm room temperature bore and 200 mm of height was prepared. Cryo-cooled Nb-Ti superconducting magnet with 100 mm room temperature bore and 600 mm of height was used for magnetic separator. Magnetic filters were designed by the analysis of magnetic field distribution at superconducting magnets. The various magnetic seeding reactions were investigated to increase the reactivity of coagulation. The effects of magnetic separation of wastewater were investigated as variation of magnetic field strength and flow rate of wastewater.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권2호
• /
• pp.339-353
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to assess the causality of different climate variables on the production of whole crop maize (Zea mays L.; WCM) in the central inland region of the Korea. Furthermore, the effect of these climate variables was also determined by looking at direct and indirect pathways during the stages before and after silking. The WCM metadata (n = 640) were collected from the Rural Development Administration's reports of new variety adaptability from 1985-2011 (27 years). The climate data was collected based on year and location from the Korean Meteorology Administration's weather information system. Causality, in this study, was defined by various cause-and-effect relationships between climatic factors, such as temperature, rainfall amount, sunshine duration, wind speed and relative humidity in the seeding to silking stage and the silking to harvesting stage. All climate variables except wind speed were different before and after the silking stage, which indicates the silking occurred during the period when the Korean season changed from spring to summer. Therefore, the structure of causality was constructed by taking account of the climate variables that were divided by the silking stage. In particular, the indirect effect of rainfall through the appropriate temperature range was different before and after the silking stage. The damage caused by heat-humidity was having effect before the silking stage while the damage caused by night-heat was not affecting WCM production. There was a large variation in soil surface temperature and rainfall before and after the silking stage. Over 350 mm of rainfall affected dry matter yield (DMY) when soil surface temperatures were less than 22℃ before the silking stage. Over 900 mm of rainfall also affected DMY when soil surface temperatures were over 27℃ after the silking stage. For the longitudinal effects of soil surface temperature and rainfall amount, less than 22℃ soil surface temperature and over 300 mm of rainfall before the silking stage affected yield through over 26℃ soil surface temperature and less than 900 mm rainfall after the silking stage, respectively.