• Title/Summary/Keyword: ammonium effect

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Inhibition Effect against the Rat Blood Plasma Oxidation of the $Makgeolli$ ($Takju$) Korean Rice Wine (막걸리(탁주)의 쥐 혈장 과산화물 생성 억제효과)

  • Wang, Seung-Jin;Lee, Hyoung-Jae;Cho, Jeong-Yong;Jang, Mi-Young;Park, Keun-Hyung;Moon, Jae-Hak
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.116-122
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    • 2012
  • The antioxidant activities of $makgeolli$ and other alcoholic beverages were compared. Based on the same volume (70 ${\mu}L$ eq.) of the alcoholic beverages, the 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) (ABTS+) radical-scavenging activities were as follows: whisky > $makgeolli$ crude extract (MCE) > rice wine (RW) > clarified $makgeolli$ (CM) > soju. Based on the same alcohol concentration (6%) of the alcoholic beverages, however, $makgeolli$ showed the highest activity. In addition, based on the same volume (70 ${\mu}L$ eq.), the inhibition effects against the formation of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (CE-OOH) were as follows: soju > whisky > RW > MCE > CM. Based on the same alcohol concentration (6%), however, the inhibition effects against the formation of CE-OOH were as follows: RW > MCE > soju > whisky > CM. Therefore, it was suggested that $makgeolli$ may contain radical-scavenging- and metal-ion-chelate-type antioxidants and may increase the antioxidant activity in the blood.

Studies on Proper Medium for Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Culture of Rehmania glutinosa and Encapsulation of Somatic Embryos (지황의 현탁배양에서 체세포배 형성에 관여하는 요인분석과 체세포배의 Encapsulation)

  • Park, Ju-Hyun;Park, Sang-Un;Chae, Young-Am
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.100-106
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to find the factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in suspension culture of Rehmania glutinosa and investigate the possibility of artificial seed production by encapsulation of somatic embryos. Linsmeier-Skoog medium was appeared as proper for somatic embryogenesis. Sucrose with $3{\sim}5%$ as carbon sources was good for somatic embryogenesis, and both ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were necesary for normal somatic embryo production. BA with NAA or kinetin with NAA were better than the use of cytokinin alone for both somatic embryogenesis and numbers of somatic embryos. $AgNO_3$ as protectant for vitrification of seedlings in vitro culture had no harmful effect on somatic embryos. Sphericity of encapsulated seeds was good at 3% gel of sodium alginate but germination was better at 2.5% sodium alginate level. Artificial seeds were germinated and developed normal shoots and roots under in vitro condition.

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In vivo Biological Function of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme after Oral Adminstration (혈전용해효소의 경구투여에 의한 생체 내 작용)

  • Lee, Young-Hoon;Lee, Sung-Ho;Park, Ki-Hoon;Choi, Young-Ju;Lee, Sang-Won;Kim, Cheol-Ho;Cho, Soo-Jeong;Gal, Sang-Wan
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.21 no.6 s.101
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    • pp.433-438
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    • 2006
  • A fibrinolytic enzyme gene (BCF-1) was subcloned to the pEB vector which is high expression vector in the Bacillus host. The enzyme was purified by using FPLC after ammonium sulfate precipitation. The enzyme was oral-administrated to the rat and checked the bleeding time, blood clotting time and fibrinolytic effect of the serum. In the bleeding time retardation test, it was longer about 1.7 fold in the feeding rat than without feeding. The serum of rat feeded with the enzyme had the fibrinolytic activity from 1 hour to 3 hours after oral-administration. After 3 hours from feeding, the fibrinolytic activity was decreased gradually. Also blood clotting time after bleeding was longer than that of control rat. The enzyme could be detected at band of 30,000 Da in the blood by western blotting. The enzyme was not harmful to the all internal organs of the rats. Taken together, the enzyme originated from B. subtilis BB-1 can be a candidate to develop the drug for thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

Stabilizing and Optimizing Properties of Crude Protease Extracted from Korean Figs (국내산 무화과에서 추출한 protease 조효소액의 안정성과 최적화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Mi-Hyun;Rho, Jeong-Hae;Kim, Mee-Jeong
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2011
  • Protease activity of fig (Ficus carica L.), cultivated in Korea was estimated. In particular, the proteolytic effect on myofibrilar protein was studied. A crude protease extract of fig was prepared in two ways; fig was homogenized in buffer followed by centrifugation, and the supernatant was precipitated by saturated ammonium sulfate followed by dialysis. The former method resulted in 41.15 mM/g fig protease activity, whereas the latter method resulted in 17.65 mM/g fig protease activity. The crude fig protease extract showed high specificity for casein as a substrate followed by egg white, bovine serum albumin, myofibrilar protein, collagen, and elastin. The extract had stable proteolytic activity in a pH range of 6.5~9.0 (optimal at pH 7-8) but lost activity, at pH 2-3. Proteolytic activity for myofibrilar protein was sensitive to pH. The proteolytic activity of the fig extract was steady up to $60^{\circ}C$ but declined at higher temperature. It also began to lose stability in salt concentrations >0.7 M NaCl. Fig has been used as a meat tenderizer for cooking, and these results support the tenderizing effectiveness of fig, particularly for Korean style meat marinating.

Occurrence of Jujube Witches' Broom Disease and Control Efficacy of Trunk Injection with Oxytetracycline in Boeun Area from 2018 to 2019 (2018-2019년 보은지역 대추나무 빗자루병 발생 및 옥시테트라사이클린 수간주사 방제 효과)

  • Kang, Hyo-Jung;Choe, Seonghui;Lee, Kyeong Hee;Park, Heesoon;Oh, Ha Kyung;Lee, Seongkyun;Shin, Hyunman
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 2020
  • Jujube witches' broom (JWB) disease is a high-risk plant disease that occurred on and devastated jujube orchards throughout South Korea in the 1950s. Recently, as the jujube cultivation area has been significantly increased nationwide, we investigated the disease in jujube orchards in the Boeun region to obtain basic information for proactively evaluating the risk of JWB outbreaks from 2017 to 2019. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the trunk injection of Sungbocycline (a. i. oxytetracycline calcium alkyl trimethyl ammonium 17%, OTC). The incidence of JWB disease was very low in Boeun, but it was gradually increased mainly in the area and on the farms where it had occurred previously. The trunk injection with OTC was most effective in the early stages of growth. However, even though the trees were treated with OTC, disease symptoms appeared in other healthy branches in severely affected trees. When the tree was first injected with OTC in June, the control efficacy of second injection was higher one month after the first injection than five months. These results suggest that early diagnosis based on various symptoms and early control based on them can be very effective in preventing JWB disease in advance and increasing control efficacy.

Effect of Priming and Seed Pellet Technique for Improved Germination and Growth in Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Alnus sibirica (프라이밍 및 종자펠렛 제조를 통한 물푸레나무와 물오리나무의 발아율 향상 및 생장증대 효과)

  • Park, Hae Il;Shim, Hoon Seob;Choi, Li Na;Jo, Hyeon Gil;Han, Seung Ho;Lee, Jae Geun;Yu, Chang Yeon;Lim, Jung Dae
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.7-19
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to select new pelleting binder and material for seeds from Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. The optimum treatments of the various concentrations and species of priming agents to improve seed germination of both woody medicinal plants were also estimated. Germinability was increased when the seeds of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance was soaked in -1.0 MPa of PEG6000 solution at $15^{\circ}C$ for 4 days significantly, the optimum treatment for improving germination of Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz was observed when the tested seeds was soaked in 100 mM of KCl at $15^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. The influence of physical and chemical properties of pelleting solid materials, the mixture of gypsum, diatomaceous earth, dalma ceramic and vermicuolite (6:1:1:1 ratio) were found as the best pelleting materials for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. seeds. To satisfy the requirements of absorption and compatibility for multi-layer seed pelleting, SGPA (Starch-grafted cross-linked polyacrylates) hydrogel was prepared using starch, acrylonitrile, ceric ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, methyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide. The resulting SGPA hydrogel showed high water absorption but not plant compatibility. It suggested that seed pelleting using pelleting materials and SGPA hydrogel (multi-layer coating) after priming agent treatment is to increase germinability and seedling growth and it can reduced irrigation labours and can also save seed.

Cytokine Expressions with Lectins from Allomyrina dichotoma and Bombyx mori (장수풍뎅이(Allomyrina dichotoma)와 누에(Bombyx mori) 렉틴의 사이토카인 생성 양상 비교)

  • Kim, Se-Jin;Chung, See-Ryun;Jeune, Kyung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.36 no.2 s.141
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    • pp.129-135
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    • 2005
  • Lectins from Allomyrina dichotoma (ADL) and Bombyx mori (BML) were partially purified by physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration column chromatography on Sephadex G-200. An assay for cytokine expression was carried out by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). mRNA isolated from PBMC(human peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were stimulated with ADL(O.D.=0.2) and BML(O.D.=0.1) for various times(1,4,8,24,48 and 72 h) and various cytokine mRNA assessed by RT-PCR were shown as follows: The patterns of bands for IL-1 mRNA of BML were very similar with those from ADL and these bands were decreased along the increasing reaction times after showing a strong band at 1 h. However mRNA expressions for IL-2, IL-6, $IFN{\gamma}$ and $TNF{\alpha}$ showed different patterns between ADL and BML. With the effect of ADL, the expression of IL-2 and IL-6 mRNA were continuously detected until 72 h with the strongest band of IL-2 mRNA at 24 h. The strong bands of $IFN{\gamma}$ mRNA were observed from 4 to 8 h but the strongest one of $TNF{\alpha}$ was just observed at 1 h. Meanwhile with BML, the bands for IL-2 and $IFN{\gamma}$ were increased along the increasing reaction times until 72 h. The strongest bands were showed from 4 to 8 h with IL-6 and at 8 h with $TNF[\alpha}$. To verify quantitatively ELISA was used for assay of protein secretions of the cytokine gene with IL-2 and $IFN{\gamma}$ expressed markedly different in RT-PCR. The highest cytokine secretion for IL-2 was demonstrated at 48 h. The production of $IFN{\gamma}$ was markedly increased at 24 h and secreted highest at 72 h. These result suggest that ADL and BML, as inducers of cytokines, can elicit detectable cytokine mRNA from PBMC within the first few hours of stimulation and maintain the production of cytokines for a few days by the methods of RT-PCR and ELISA.

Study on the Properties of Polystyrene and Styrenic Copolymer Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoclay (탄소나노튜브와 나노클레이를 포함하는 폴리스티렌 및 스티렌계 공중합체 나노복합재료의 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kyung Hoon;Kim, Young Doo;Lee, Minho;Min, Byong Hun;Kim, Jeong Ho
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.493-499
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    • 2009
  • The properties of polystyrene and styrenic copolymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanoclays were studied. Polystyrene and styrenic copolymer containing styrene and vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (SVTAC) were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Polystyrene/CNT/clay and SVTAC/CNT/clay nanocomposites with various concentrations of CNT and different types of clay were prepared via mixing of polystyrene emulsion and clay. SVTAC/CNT nanocomposites showed a better electrical conductivity than PS/CNT nanocomposites. Nanocomposites with more surfactant during polymerization showed a better electrical conductivity than the ones with less surfactant. These indicated the positive effect of comonomer and surfactant on the electrical conductivity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze the state of CNT dispersion. TEM results showed that CNT loading, comonomer composition and amount of surfactant affected the final dispersion of CNT in nanocomposites. In order to confirm the effects of CNT loading, comonomer composition and the amount of surfactant on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties, DSC and DMA analyses were conducted.

Measurement conditions for cadmium in urine by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (불꽃원자 흡수광법에 의한요중 카드뮴 배설량 측정의 지적조건)

  • Choi, Ho-Chun;Chung, Kyou-Chull
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.269-279
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    • 1984
  • The optimum conditions for measuring cadmium content of less than 0.2ppm by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry were investigated. The cadmium in urine was extracted by APDC-MIBK for the analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after ashing them by a wet method. 1. Optimum conditions by APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions. The acidic aqueous solution was prepared with appropriate amount of 0.IN nitric acid, 5ml of 25% (W/V) sodium potasstum tartarate, 10ml of saturated ammonium sulfate, and 2ml of 2% APDC(or 1 ml of 5% DDTC) chelating agent. The total volume of solution was adjusted to 55 ml and pH to $2{\sim}10$ (or$7{\sim}10$). The aqueous solution was extracted with 10ml MIBK. Concentration of Triton X-100 did not effect the absorbance for APDC-MIBK extraction of cadmium, but absorbance decreased as the concentration increased for DDTC-MIBK extraction. The sensitivity and detection limits for the cadmium determination from APDC-MIBK extraction were 0.0038ppm and 0.0102, 0.0022ppm and 0.0116 for DDTC-MIBK, and 0.0132ppm and 0.0034 for 0.1N nitric acid. APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions were 3 times higher than 0.1N nitric acid for the sensitivity. 2. Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine by APDC-MIBK extraction. Determination of cadmium in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of A.A. (Cd=2 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4mA, $D_2=20mA$) mode showed some difference (p<0.05). The difference of cadmium determination and recovery according to method of standard additions and standard calibration curve method in urine was not significant (p>0.05, $93.48{\pm}11.78%,\;94.83{\pm}22.00%$). Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine collection from normal person and variance analysis within measurement variation was not significant (p>0.05), but between interindividual was significant (0.05). Determination of cadmium content by two different methods of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dithizone colorimetry showed that the results from the two methods can be described by a regression line with a good correlation (y=1.0153x-0.2927, x=Cd by D.C., y=Cd by A.A.S., $r=0.8651^*$, p<0.01).

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The effect of Dynamite Explosion on Physical Properties of Orchard Soil (폭약(爆藥)에 의(依)한 과수원토양(果樹園土壤)의 물리성개량(物理性改良)에 관(關)한 연구)

  • Yoo, S.H.;Koh, K.C.;Cho, Y.K.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 1979
  • This experiment was conducted to find out the simple and economical method to improve physical properties of the soil that was very poor for the establishment of orchard. Jeonnam clay loam soils distributed mainly on rolling and hill side slope, were treated with the explosion of two kinds of dynamite at the depth of 1 m. The change of physical properties was investigated vertically and horizontally after soil profile had settled to some extent. The results were summarized as : 1. The original soil was very high in bulk density and soil hardness. Total porosity and aeration porosities were lower than critical level providing root elongation. It was more apparent in the subsoil than in the surface soil. 2. It was recognized that soil mass destruction and cracking by dynamite explosion decreased soil bulk density and soil hardness and increased porosity, especially non-capillary pores. 3. Effective radius of the improved physical properties by explosion with two dynamites was 100cm at 60cm depth and 30cm at 80cm depth. But with the use of three dynamites it was 100cm at 80cm depth. 4. It was thought that soil mass destruction and cracking caused by explosion was uneven in the two dynamites, and three dynamites was more effective to improve physical properties evenly. 5. With the use of two dynamites, Ammonium explosive was superior to gelatin dynamite.

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