• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1984

A red pigment was formed when heating dehydroascorbic acid in the presence of ${\alpha}-amino$ acids and thought to be an intermediate amino-reductone in the Strecker degradation. The reaction of pigment formation can be kinetically expressed as two-step consecutive first-order in the presence of excess of ${\alpha}-amino$ acids. The reaction rate constants were successfully determined by employing various amino acids (L-His., L-Gly., L-Thr., L-Ser. ) at different pH. The results suggested the formation of the red pigment was most favorable at the pH 5.0.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
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• pp.78-81
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• 2004

Here the effect of various amino acids on the separation performance for these two contrastive membranes is investigated. It was especially focused on the structures of amino acids, and their effects on the silver ion activity as well as the interaction between polymer electrolytes and amino acid. The amino acids studied include asparagine, valine, glutamic acid and lysine.(omitted)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2004

한국산 재래종 호박 완숙과의 총세포벽 물질, 펙틴, 총단백질, 단백질을 구성하고 있는 아미노산 및 유리아미노산의 함량을 비교 조사하였다. 과육의 단백질 함량은 ‘제주 2’가 $2,830\;{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 높았고 '상주'는 $1,319\;{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 낮았다. 세포벽물질은 ‘강화’가 2,961 mg%로 가장 높았고, '남해'는 1,582 mg%로 가장 낮았다. 또한 세포벽 물질 내 펙틴의 함량은 ‘강화'(2,198 mg%), '제주 2'(2,178 mg%) 및 ’제주 1'(1,461 mg%)의 순서로 높았다. 또한 세포벽 물질 내 펙틴은 수용성과 불용성 펙틴이 주류를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 아미노산 함량조성은 품종에 따라 다소 차이는 있지만 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine 및 valine이 주를 이루어 전체 아미노산 함량의 50% 이상을 차지하였고, 특이하게도 '제주 2'는 aspartic acid와 threonine이 검출되지 않았다. 한편 완숙과 호박의 과육 내 유리 아미노산은 8종의 필수아미노산(histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine 및 valine)을 비롯해 총 34종류의 유리아미노산이 검출되었고 aspartic acid와 asparagine의 함량이 전체 유리아미노산 중 50% 이상으로 가장 높았다. 또한 이뇨작용과 관련된 ornithine, citrulline, arginine이 모든 품종에서 검출되었으며 ornithine과 citrulline은 품종간에 큰 차이가 없었으나 arginine은 ‘남해’가 4.3 mg%이었으며, ‘태안’이 29.34 mg%로 품종간에 7배의 큰 차이를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1277-1280
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• 2004

The effect of duodenal infusion with feed oligo-peptide solution on portal absorption of amino acids was investigated in poultry under unanaesthetized conditions. Four peptide solutions were used in the experiment: enzymatic hydrolysates from fish meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal proteins with average molecular weights less than 3,000 Da and 1,000 Da, respectively. Intestinal absorptions of these oligo-peptide solutions were compared by determining the concentration of free amino acid (FAA) in portal blood after the duodenal administrations of oligo-peptide solutions. Absorptive intensity and balance were used to estimate the intestinal absorption rate of amino acids. The absorptive intensities of amino acids were highest for the fish and soybean meal oligo-peptides. The ratios of amino acids absorbed in the portal blood from fish and soybean meal oligo-peptides were more similar to the composition of the infused amino acids than that observed from the cottonseed and rapeseed meal oligo-peptides. A positive correlation was found between absorption rate and proportion of PAA in the oligo-peptides. The higher absorption rate could be contributed to the higher proportion of peptide bound amino acids (PAA). The results suggest that fish and soybean meal protein are significantly more easily hydrolyzed into oligo-peptides (p<0.05) in the gastrointestinal tracts of poultry and as such can be utilized more effectively by body tissues.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.186-190
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• 1992

송충이의 유리 아미노산, 총 아미노산 조성과 총 지방산 조성을 규명하기 위해 Gas chromarography와 HPLC를 사용하여 분리 정량한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조지방 함량은 21.00%이고, 조단백질 함량은 58.47%로 조성되어 있다. 유리 아미노산의 총 함량은 3.65g/100g으로 조성되어 있으며, 유리 아미노산 중에서 필수 아미노산의 총 함량은 1.31g/100g으로 35.89%를 차지하고 있다. 총 아미노산의 총 함량은 41.20g/100g으로 조성되어 있으며 총 아미노산 중에서 필수 아미노산의 총 함량은 14.75g/100g으로 35.80%를 차지하고 있다. 총 지방산 조성은 $C_{18}$=26.81%로 제일 많이 함유되어 있고, $C_{16}$=19.09%, $C_{18:1}$=18.74%, $C_{18:3}$=15.33%, $C_{16:1}$=7.29%, $C_{20}$=5.21%순으로 함유되어 있으며, 불포화 지방산이 45.88%이고, 필수 지방산은 19.73%를 차지하고 있다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 1982

홍삼갈변(紅蔘褐變)의 적합(適合)한 촉진방법(促進方法)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 인삼(人蔘)에 당(糖), amino산(酸) 및 무기질소화합물(無機窒素化合物)을 처리(處理)한 결과(結果) 당류중(糖類中)에서는 maltose와 glucose가 가장 강(强)한 갈변축진작용(褐變促進作用)을 나타내었다. amino산(酸)은 basic amino acid인 lysine, histidine, arginine이 가장 크게 촉진(促進)했으며 당(糖)과 amino산(酸) 혼합처리(混合處理)에서는 glucose와 glutamic acid 혼합처리구(混合處理區)가 가장 크게 촉진(促進)되었다. Glucose농도별(濃度別) 처리시(處理時)의 갈변촉진효과(褐變促進?果)는 glucose농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 갈변(褐變)이 촉진(促進)되었으며 무기질소화합물중(無機窒素化合物中)에서는 $urea>(NH_4)_2HCO_3>CH_3COONH_4$등의 순(順)으로 갈변(褐變)이 촉진(促進)되었다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Alpha-linolenic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid that exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-linolenic acid on the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells under essential amino acid-deficient conditions. Different concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids were added to the growth and differentiation media. The concentrations of 10 µM of alpha-linolenic acid and 2% essential amino acid were chosen for subsequent experiments. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids improved the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells and significantly increased the mRNA levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, B-cell lymphoma-2, and beclin-1 as well as the protein levels of PPARγ coactivator-1α compared to those in the controls. Moreover, supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids reduced the levels of phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone, Bcl-2-associated X, p53, and light chain 3 during C2C12 cell proliferation, and increased the expression levels of myogenic factors 4 (myogenin) and 5 during C2C12 cell differentiation. Overall, we determined that alpha-linolenic acid and essential amino acids maintained the cell proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1616-1624
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• 2016

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of $T_1$, TAA control; $T_2$ and $T_3$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; $T_4$, SIDAA control, $T_5$ and $T_6$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 dold fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by TAA factor compared to SIDAA factor and protein factor significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed intake at 1.5% reduction compared to normal protein group. This was observed only during pre-starter phase but not thereafter. The cumulative body weight gain (BWG) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in TAA formulations with protein step-down of 1.5% ($T_3$, 1,993 g) compared to control ($T_1$, 2,067 g), while under SIDAA formulations, BWG was not affected with protein reduction of 1.5% ($T_6$, 2,076 g) compared to $T_4$ (2,129 g). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both TAA and SIDAA formulations with 1.5% protein step-down ($T_3$, 1.741; $T_6$, 1.704) compared to respective controls ($T_1$, 1.696; $T_4$, 1.663). The SIDAA formulation revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher BWG (2,095 g) and better FCR (1.684) compared to TAA formulation (2,028 g; 1.721). Intake of crude protein and all limiting amino acids (SID basis) was higher in SIDAA group than TAA group with resultant higher nitrogen retention (4.438 vs 4.027 g/bird/d). The nitrogen excretion was minimized with 1.5% protein reduction (1.608 g/bird) compared to normal protein group (1.794 g/bird). The serum uric acid concentration was significantly reduced in $T_3$ (9.45 mg/dL) as compared to $T_4$ (10.75 mg/dL). All carcass parameters were significantly (p<0.05) higher in SIDAA formulation over TAA formulation and 1.5% protein reduction significantly reduced carcass, breast and thigh yields. In conclusion, the dietary protein can be reduced by 0.75% with TAA formulation and 1.5% with SIDAA formulation through DORB incorporation and supplementation of limiting amino acids and among formulations, SIDAA formulation was better than TAA formulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2006

Free amino acids in epidermis function as a major component of Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF), which maintains the optimal level of water in skin even at the low humidity. In fact, the depletion of free amino acids is reported in the epidermis of atopic dermatitis, the skin condition involving dryness. As an effort searching the dietary source for improving the level of water and free amino acid in epidermis, the dietary effects of silk protein, sericin (S) and fibroin (F) on trans epidermal water loss (TEWL), and plasma and epidermal levels of free amino acids were compared in this study. Thirty of male NC/Nga mice, an animal model of atopic dermatitis, were divided into three groups: group CA as an atopic control with control diet, group S: 1% sericin diet and group F: 1% fibroin diet. Ten of male BALB/c mice were served as group C (control group) with control diet. All mice were fed on diet and water ad libitum for 10weeks. Dry skin condition was established in group CA as TEWL was increased (148.7% of group C). In parallel, epidermal level of glutamate, one of major amino acids functioning as NMF, was dramatically decreased and epidermal levels of methionine and alanine were inversely elevated. Dietary supplementation of sericin (group S) reduced TEWL at the similar level with group C and increased epidermal levels of glutamate as well as serine and glycine, the other major amino acids as NMF. Despite a marked decrease of methionine and alanine, the reduction of TEWL and epidermal levels of glutamate, serine and glycine of group F were less than of group S. Furthermore, in contrast to similar levels of other free amino acids in plasma and epidermis of group S and group C, plasma and epidermal levels of other free amino acids, specifically phenylalanine, isoleucine, cysteine and tyrosine in epidermis of group F, were significantly higher than of group C. Together, our data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of sericin is more effective at improving dry skin condition that paralleled with the normalization of free amino acids in plasma and epidermis of NC/Nga mice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1458-1464
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• 1999

우리 나라 연근해에서 어획되고 있는 멸치, 밴댕이 및 까나리의 맛 성분조성을 밝히기 위하여 수산물에 널리 분포하고 있는 함질소 엑스성분인 유리아미노산, combined amino acid류, ATP관련 화합물, 4급암모늄 염기 및 구아니시노 화합물 등을 분석하여 상호 비교하였다. 엑스분 질소함량은 밴댕이가 633 mg/100 g으로서 가장 높고, 다음은 멸치로서 601 mg이었으며 까나리는 455 mg으로서 가장 낮았다. 어류 3종에서 $31{\sim}32$종의 다양한 유리아미노산이 검출되었으나, 그 조성은 모두 유사한 경향이었고, 함량이 풍부한 것들로서는 histidine, taurine, alanine, leucine, carnosine, glutamic acid, lysine 등이었다. 그러나 그 함량에는 어종별로 차이가 있어서 밴댕이, 멸치, 까나리에서 각각 1,672 mg/ l00g, 1,416 mg 및 951 mg이었다. Combined amino acid류 함량을 유리아미노산 수준과 비교하면 까나리에서 110%, 멸치에서 84.8%, 그리고 밴댕이에서는 62.4%로서 어종별로 차이가 있었다. ATP관련 화합물은 밴댕이, 멸치, 까나리에서 각각 $6.15{\mu}mol/g,\;4.14{\mu}mol,\;3.81{\mu}mol$로서 어종에 따른 차이가 많았다. Betaine류는 멸치와 까나리에서 glycinebetaine, ${\beta}-alaninebetaine,\;{\gamma}-butyrobetaine$이 그리고, 밴댕이에서는 ${\beta}-alaninebetaine$이 검출되었으나 미량에 불과하였다. TMAO는 까나리에서 265 mg, 멸치 249 mg, 그리고 밴댕이에서는 201 mg이었으며, TMA는 모두 12 mg 이하로서 비슷하였다. Creatine 함량은 밴댕이 242 mg, 멸치 146 mg, 까나리 131 mg으로서 차이가 있었다. 엑스분 중의 질소 분포는 유리아미노산과 combined amino acid류 질소가 가장 높아서 멸치, 밴댕이, 까나리에서 각각 71.1%, 69.0% 및 68.7%로서 유사하였으며, 엑스분 질소의 회수율은 각각 90.8%, 93.2%, 95.0%이었다.