• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

The fibrin sealant was first designed as an alternative to surgical suture for the purpose of surface-to-surface union especially in parenchymal organs like the liver, spleen and kidney. The clinical application of currently used fibrin sealant was first introduced in 1972. The fibrin sealant consists of principal two components; lyophilized human fibrinogen and bovine thrombin. The fibrinogen component also contains coagulation factor XIII. A solution of aprotinin, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis is used to dissolve the fibrinogen and to provide the first component, and a solution of calcium chloride is also used to provide the second component. From July to December in 1990, during 6 months, we used fibrin sealant in the 28 patients of 33 various cases, in the following ways; supportive application of fibrin sealant after free autogenouse nerve graft for the repair of inferior alveolar nerve, facial nerve or accessory nerve, treament of hemangioma or lymphangioma to thrombosize and lead to the tumor shrinking, skin grafting to stimulate the adhesion and tissue repair, bone grafting in the patients of cleft alveolus, mandibular reconstruction or orthognathic surgery to facilitate the knitting of bone chips, tissue adhesion after tumor resection, radical neck dissection or flap reconstructions, and supportive adhesion of external auditory cannal after TMJ surgery via postauricular approach. No adverse effects were observed, none of the patients developed hepatitis or other blood transmitted disease, and the wound healing were acceptable.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.2 s.34
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• pp.259-272
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• 1991

Orthodontic traction has been suggested as the treatment of choice for intrusive luxation injuries. Prior research has shown orthodontic forces to be ineffective in the presence of ankylosis or in cases with zero mobility following the injury. If orthodontic traction is to be effective, it must be initiated prior to the onset of ankylosis. The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of intrusive luxation at various times following the injury, and to determine the time of the onset of ankylosis, and to examine what effect immediate partial luxation has on the onset of ankylosis. Eight young mongrel dogs were utilized for this study. Intrusive luxation was produced with an axial impact using a gravity hammer and a specially designed holding device on 4 teeth (2 max. and 2 man. first premolars) in each dog. The teeth were intruded approximately 3-4mm in an axial direction. One maxillary and one mandibular premolars were partially luxated with the other two teeth being untouched. Pre and posttrauma tooth position was documented with plaster models and radiographs taken with an individualized X-ray jig. Dogs were sacrificed immediately following the injury and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days respectively. Tetracycline was administered as a vital bone marker 24 hours before sacrifice. Block sections of the tooth and alveolus were prepared for decalcified and non decalcified histologic sections. The effects of traumatic intrusion were analyzed by means of model casts, radiographs, tetracycline bone marking and histologic preparations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The animal sacrificed immediately following the injury displayed alveolar fractures, torn periodontal ligaments, and areas of direct tooth-bone contact. 2. The odontoblastic layer of the pulp was disorganized as early as 24 hours after the injury. 3. Bony remodeling was noted at 4 days along with active surface resorption. 4. Ankylosis was first seen 7 days after the injury. 5. Osteogenesis in the dentin (thick tetracycline bands) was observed 7 days after the injury. 6. There was no progressive root resorption and ankylosis where the periodontal ligament has been healed. 7. The Luxated group showed significantly more root resolution and ankylosis than the Nonluxated group with increased observation periods. The results suggest that ankylosis may occur within the first week following the injury, and hence orthodontic traction should be initiated as soon after the injury as possible.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.359-372
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• 2003

Among objectives of periodontal therapy. the principal one is the morphological and functional reconstruction of lost periodontal supporting tissues. This includes de novo formation of connective tissue attachment and the regrowth of alveolar bone. The use of enamel matrix derivative(EMD) may be a suitable means of regeneration new periodontal attachment in the infrabony defects. Implant used to replace lost tooth but, implantitis occurred after installation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EMD on differentiation and growth of osteoblast in titanium disc. Twentyfive millimeter diameter and 1mm thick Ti disc which was coated 25, 50, 100, 200${\mu}g$/ml of EMD(Emdogain(R)) used as experimental group, 25, 50, 100, 200ng/d of rhBMP-2 as positive control group, and no coat as negative control group. A human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 was cultured in Ti disc and cell proliferation and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured at 1 and 6 days. PCR was performed at 2 and 8 hours. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA expressions of various osteoblastic differentiation markers -type I collagen, ALP, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein - were performed at appropriate concentrations based upon the results of MTT and ALP assay. Cultured cell-disc complexes were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 2 hour. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and repeated- measures 1-way analysis of variance(SPSS software version 10,SPSS. Chicago. IL). After culture, there was more osteoblast in EMD100${\mu}g$/ml than in EMD50, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. There was significant difference in experimental and positive control group compared control group, as times go by(1 and 6 days). Alkaline phosphatase activity was different significantly in EMD100, 200${\mu}g$/ml and BMP100, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that expression of mRNA for ALPase, collagen type I, osteopontin. hone sialoprotein and BMP-2 was detected at 2 hour and 8 hour in EMI 200${\mu}g$/ml subgroup and BMP100ng/ml subgroup. The results of this study suggest that application of enamel matrix derivative on osteoblast attached to titanium surface facilitate the expression of bone specific protein and the differentiation and growth of osteoblast.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.735-751
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• 1996

An ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to stop the disease process and to regenerate a functionally-oriented periodontium destroyed as a result of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of grafting granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket on the regeneration of horizontal furcation defect. Six dogs were used in this study. All mandibular first and third premolars were extracted. At 2, 3, and 5 days after extraction, tissues were obtained from extraction socket of 1 mongrel dog and examined by light microscope. Granulation tissue obtained at 5 days after extraction was chosen as the graft material. Five days later, horizontal furcation defects were created surgically at mandibular second and fourth premolars in the right and left side of the 5 beagle dogs. The entrance area of the artificially prepared "key hole" defects were about $3\;4mm^2$. By random selections, 2 exposed furcation defects were grafted with granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket as experimental group and 1 furcation defect was as control. The flaps were replaced to their original position and sutured with 4-0 chromic cat-gut. Three dogs were sacrificed 4 weeks and two dogs 8 weeks after surgery, and the prepared specimens were examined by light microscope. At 4 weeks, furcations were filled with epithelial lining and fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. New bone formation was observed in all groups. Only experimental group showed new cementum formation. At 8 weeks, new cementum, functional arrangement of new PDL fiber, root resorption, and some ankylotic union of newly formed alveolar bone and root surface were observed in all groups. Experimental group showed that epithelial downgrowth was inhibited and new bone formation was more active compared to control. The success rate of the furcation defect healing was higher in experimental group than control. These results suggested that grafting of granulation tissue obtained from extraction socket which combined with reconstructive periodontal flap surgery may promote periodontal regeneration of horizontal furcation defect.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2018

In order to produce a stable denture for severe alveolar bone loss area, it is not only important that .0a suitable occlusion is established but also to consider compatibility with the surrounding muscle to form a suitable polished surfaces. Neutral zone is defined as a potential area where the neuromuscular system of the tongue, cheeks and lips is balanced can be determined through the neutral zone impression technique. And if artificial teeth are aligned within the neutral zone and the polished surface follows the anatomical form of the dynamic muscle, higher stability and retention of the denture may be obtained through coordination with the surrounding muscle tissue. This case is being reported since the concept of the neutral zone was applied to a patient with severely atrophic residual alveolar ridge and the result was clinically satisfactory in both function and aesthetics.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-86
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• 1990

To study the effect of prostglandin $E_2$ and evening primrose oil on orthodontic tooth movement in rats, one hundred and sixty rats were divided into four groups of 40 rats each. One group, injected with saline on the palate subperiosteally, served as a control group. A second and third group were injected subperiosteally on the palate with $PGE_2$ $10{\mu}g$ and evening primrose oil 10mg respectively. The fourth group was given indomethacin $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ orally by water bottle. The maxillary first molar was moved mesially from the incisors using a 50gm force rubber band. In each group at the 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7th day, 4 rats were examined by light microscope, and 4 by electron microscope. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Osteoclastic activity was maximum at the 3rd day in the $PGE_2$ group on the interradicular alveolar bone of the first molar, followed by the evening primrose oil group, control group, and indomethacin group. 2. Root resorption and vacuolar changes were maximum in the $PGE_2$ group. 3. At the 3rd day of the $PGE_2$ group, the osteoclasts showed well developed ruffled borders and clear zones. At the same day, the evening primrose oil group also showed well developed ruffled borders and clear zones, but less than the $PGE_2$ group. 4. At the 3rd and 5th day of the $PGE_2$ group, fibroblasts showed phagocytized fragmented collagen fibers in the cytoplasm. At the 7th day of the $PGE_2$ group, fibroblasts showed collagen fibers forming at the cell membrane surface.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.425-435
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• 1996

The effect of application of dentin bonding agent to the exposed dentin on the intradental nerve activity (INA), dentinal fluid movement and sealing of the dentinal tubules, was investigated in this study. The INA was recorded from the single pulp nerve unit dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve. And specimen of dentin was observed by SEM. Dentinal fluid 'movement through exposed dentin surface was measured before and after the application of dentin bonding agent. 1. Eight Ao-fiber units (conduction velocity: $8.0{\pm}4.0m$/sec) were identified. 4M NaCl evoked an irregular burst of action potentials which ceased immediately after washing. 2. In 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units, appliction of All Bond 2 completely abolished the INA induced by 4M NaCl. Also, application of Scotchbond Multipurpose(SBMP) totally abolished the INA induced by 4M NaCl in 4 $A{\delta}$-fiber units. 3. Before the application of dentin bonding agent, outward dentinal fluid movement of $10.2{\pm}5.7\;pl{\cdot}s^{-1}{\cdot}mm^{-2}$ was obsered. But after the application of dentin bonding agent the movement of dentinal fluid was stopped. 4. The gap width of 2-$3{\mu}m$ was formed between exposed dentin and adhesive resin in the specimens applied with dentin bonding agents of All Bone 2 and SBMP. But the formation of hybrid layer and the penetration of resin into were dentinal tubules were not clearly observed in interface between dentin and adhesive resin.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.113-118
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synthetic fibronectin (FN) fragments, including fibrin binding sites from amino-terminal FN fragments containing type I repeats 1 to 5, on osteoblast-like cell activity. Methods: Oligopeptides ranging from 9 to 20 amino acids, designated FF1, FF3, and FF5, were synthesized by a solid-phase peptide synthesizing system, and we investigated the effects of these peptides on cell attachment and extent of mineralization using confocal microscopy, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, and Alizarin red S staining. Results: FF3 and FF5 peptides increased the number of attached human osteoblastic cells, and FF3 administration led to prominent cell spreading. Mineralization was increased in FF3 and FF5 compared to FF1 and the untreated control. Conclusions: Taken together, it can be concluded that the fibrin-binding oligopeptides FF3 and FF5 enhanced cell attachment and mineralization on osteoblast-like cells. These results indicate that FF3 and FF5 have the potential to increase osteoblast-like cell activity. Performing an in vivo study may provide further possibilities for surface modification of biomimetic peptides to enhance osteogenesis, thus improving the regeneration of destroyed alveolar bone.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-194
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to analyze the magnitude and distribution of stress using a photoelastic model from a distal extension removable partial dentures with three kinds of mandibular major connectors, that is, lingual bar, linguoplate, and swing-lock attachment. A photoelastic model was made of the epoxy resin(PC-1) and hardener(PCH-1) and coated with plastic cement-1 (PC-1) at the lingual surface of the epoxy model and set with three kinds of chrome-cobalt removable partial dentures. A bilateral vertical load of 15kg to the middle portion of the metal bar crossing both the first molars of the right and the left, and a unilateral vertical load of 12.5kg to the right first molar were applied with the use of specially designed loading device and the reflective circular polariscope was used to analyze the photoelastic model under each condition. The following results were obtained : 1. When the bilateral vertical load was applied, the magnitude and distribution of the stress concentration of the edentulous area and the terminal abutment or adjacent teeth was in the order of lingual bar, linguoplate, swing-lock attachment. 2. When the unilateral vertical load was applied, the magnitude and distribution of the stress concentration of the edentulous area and the terminal abutment or adjacent teeth was in the order of lingual bar, linguoplate, swing-lock attachment. 3. When the unilateral vertical load was applied, the magnitude and distribution of the stress concentration of the termial abutment or adjacent teeth on the non-loaded side showed the least stress distribution in case of swing-lock attachment. 4. When the bilateral vertical load and the unilateral vertical load were applied the swing-lock attachment showed the mildest uniform stress distribution on the edentulous area and the alveolar bone around the abutment teeth.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the food impaction between implant prostheses and adjacent natural teeth. Materials and methods: For this study, 51 patients with food impaction were selected and investigated mobility, tightness of contact area, gingival index, plaque index, attachment loss, alveolar bone level, proximal caries, marginal ridge distance and occlusal relationships. Results: Food impaction was found in the upper teeth (60.7%) more than the lower teeth (39.2%). Food impaction was occurred on mesial side of implant prostheses (86.2%) more than distal side (13.7%). Food impaction was mostly found in loose or open contact area (94.2%). Food impaction was frequent on stepped relationship between implant and adjacent teeth. Conclusion: Treatment plan should include proper adjacent and antagonistic occlusal plane and occlusal surface, to prevent food impaction, and the plan should include less adjacent tooth mobility with proper tightness between implant prostheses and adjacent teeth.