• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2024

Kernel density estimation is a prevalent technique employed for nonparametric density estimation, enabling direct estimation from the data itself. This estimation involves two crucial elements: selection of the kernel function and the determination of the appropriate bandwidth. The selection of the bandwidth plays an important role in kernel density estimation, which has been developed over the past decade. A range of methods is available for selecting the bandwidth, including the plug-in bandwidth. In this article, the proposed plug-in bandwidth is introduced, which leverages shifted Chebyshev series-based approximation to determine the optimal bandwidth. Through a simulation study, the performance of the suggested bandwidth is analyzed to reveal its favorable performance across a wide range of distributions and sample sizes compared to alternative bandwidths. The proposed bandwidth is also applied for kernel density estimation on real dataset. The outcomes obtained from the proposed bandwidth indicate a favorable selection. Hence, this article serves as motivation to explore additional plug-in bandwidths that rely on function approximations utilizing alternative series expansions.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2010

Objective : There is a growing interest on Complementary and Alternative Medicine(CAM). But the term 'CAM' often causes confusion, for the perception of CAM is determined by how the relationship between CAM and Conventional Medicine is established. Methods : In this paper, we researched the concept of CAM through the change in the terminology and definition of CAM throughout history. Furthermore, we also analyzed related papers in Korea. Results : International studies show that the relationship between Conventional Medicine and CAM has become more cooperative. Meanwhile, in Korea, Korean Medicine is categorized as a type of Conventional Medicine, not CAM. Conclusion : Though Korean Medicine is included in Conventional Medicine in Korea, the research methodology is still restricted in ways of bio-medical science. Further study on the original research method of Korean Medicine is needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to analyze the effect size of complementary and alternative intervention studies in reference to dysmenorrhea and menstrual distress. Methods: In order to conduct a meta-analysis, a total of 393 studies were retrieved from the database. Twenty-eight studies that were published from March 2001 to February 2011 were selected. Results: Intervention studies included seven studies on aromatherapy, five on auriculotherapy, three on each Koryo-Sooji-Chim and moxibustion, two on each heat therapy and magnetic therapy and six on other therapy. The effect size of the intervention studies on dysmenorrhea and menstrual distress was greater than 0.48 for Koryo-Sooji-Chim, moxibustion, aromatherapy, auriculotherapy and other therapy. Conclusion: This study suggests that drug free therapy can reduce the levels of menstrual distress, despite the small number of intervention studies and randomized controlled trials.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors of using numbers and period of complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) among chronic patients. Methods: The study employed a descriptive design. The participants were 221 chronic patients. Data were collected in a pharmacy near a general hospital from April to July, 2008. Results: Influencing factors on using number of CAT were age, numbers of disease, period of used CAT and monthly expenses on CAT (the ability to explain, 79.9%). Influencing factors on using period of CAT were the period of illness and using number of CAT (the ability to explain, 44.9%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that chronic patients need counseling and guides about using CAT especially for those are older and have many kinds and longer period of diseases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1933-1938
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• 2014

Despite increasing importance of in vitro cell-based assays for the assessment of nanoparticles (NPs) cytotoxicity, their suitability for the assessment of NPs toxicity is still in doubt. Here, limitations of widely used cell viability assay protocol (i.e., MTT asssay) for the cytotoxicity assessment of P25 $TiO_2$ NPs were carefully examined and an alternative toxicity assessment method to overcome these limitations was proposed, where the artifacts caused by extracellularly formed formazan and light scattered by agglomerated NPs were minimized by measuring only the intracellular formazan via image cytometric methods.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.157-160
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• 2007

The van der Pauw technique is one of the popular methods for determining the conductivity of flat metal samples. Traceability of the national standard for the conductivity has been achieved by direct current measurement techniques in national measurement institutes of many countries. But recently, alternative current measurement techniques for determining the conductivity of flat metal samples is also interested. In this study, we measured the conductivity of non-ferrous and ferrous flat metals at alternative current using van der Pauw technique. As measurement results, the conductivities of the samples were decreased according to increasing the test frequency even though the decreasing ratio was different.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2014

We developed an alternative assay method without hazardous reagent of chloroform for urazamide tablets in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex. The HPLC analytical method was validated by system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The linearity of the calibration curves in the desired concentration range is good ($r^2$ >0.999). Precision was obtained less than RSD 1.17%. Accuracy was obtained with recoveries in range of 98.12% and 99.47%. The developed assay could be expected to become valuable tools for revising the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2005

Computer simulations were performed for Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems to figure out more efficient maintenance methods for the building used for adolescent trainees. This study aims at suggesting design alternatives for optimum operation and performing life cycle cost (LCC) for each alternative. First, the capacity of the heat source equipment was determined using annual maximum heating and cooling loads. Annual loads were calculated and applied to the alternative for the purpose of calculating annual energy cost. Second, several types of data were collected to predict energy cost. Finally, the pay back period for each alternative was calculated using total cost estimation during standard duration period. This study indicates that the absorption chiller that does not occupy most part of a mechanical room, and does not need much operation cost was most economical.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.267-277
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• 2012

The purpose of this descriptive research is to identify the recognition and attitude of college students towards Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM). The subjects of the study were 620 students of a junior college in the D metropolitan city. The data was collected from July 2 to July 31, 2012 and SPSS/WIN 18.0 program was used to analyze the data. From the comparison of CAM recognition between the two groups. There were significant differences for each item of CAM recognition. For the attitude on CAM, there were significant differences between the two groups. There needs to be more follow-up studies based on the current study in order to establish the basic data that can help find specific educational methods for the areas of CAM that lack recognition from the students.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2009

Due to the various characteristics of urban river, rehabilitation project for natural river requires distinct alternative approach and selection method for each different types of river. In this study, naturalness of a river was used to establish such alternative for the business and rehabilitation plan for natural river. To assess the naturalness of a river, through AHP, designed to fit the environmental conditions in Korea, was employed. Furthermore, a method that conveniently compares and selects an alternative for rehabilitation plan for natural river by referencing Urban River Basin Enhancement Methods (URBEM) was proposed. After selecting the evaluation items for assessing the naturalness of the river based on the characteristics of the river, multiple alternatives were constructed and the naturalness of river for each of those alternatives were estimated. Comparing the estimated values has made the measurement of the natural recovery effect and the product of river rehabilitation plan for each alternative efficient. In conclusion, selecting the items for evaluating the naturalness of a river with respect to its characteristics was found to be effective for establishing the rehabilitation plan for natural river.